Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Language In the most basic sense, language is an organized, generally agreed upon, learned symbol system used to represent human experiences within a geographic or cultural community. Language is the primary vehicle by which a culture transmits beliefs, values and norms. Language gives people a means of interacting with other members of their culture and a means of thinking. Language influences perception and transmits and helps to outline thoughts.
Western pattern of thought There is an assumption of a direct relationship between mental concepts and the concrete world of reality. • This orientation emphasizes logical consideration and rationality. There is a belief that truth out there somewhere, that it can be discovered by following the correct logical sequence. • Human activity is paramount and ultimately will lead to the discovery of truth.
Eastern pattern of thought • Best illustrated by Taoist thought. • Truth is not found by active searching and the application of Aristotelian modes of reasoning. • On the contrary, one must wait, and if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent. • Truth is the active agent, and if it is to be known it will be through the activity of truth making itself apparent.
Approaches to the study of nonverbal behavior Nurture approach: NV communication is learned. Nature approach (Charles Darwin in his classic book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals): NV behavior is innate, i. e. believed to be genetically modified. Functional approach: focuses on the types of NV behaviors and the communication functions they perform (Burgoon, Knapp, Mc. Croskey, Mehrabian)
Postures Open Closed Forward Back
Responsive (open-forward)
Reflective (open-back)
Fugitive (closed-back)
Combative (closed-forward)
Functions performed through NVC Replacing spoken messages Sending uncomfortable messages Forming impressions that guide communication Making relationships clear Regulating interaction Reinforcing and modifying verbal messages
Nonverbal Codes Proxemics Kinesics Chronemics Paralanguage Intonation and voice Silence Haptics Closing and physical appearance Territoriality Olfactics
Zones
When it comes to expressing feelings 38 % tone of voice 55% body language 7% words
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