VAREL INTERNATIONAL PDC Product Line January 2003

VAREL INTERNATIONAL PDC Product Line January 2003

VAREL INTERNATIONAL PDC Bit Sales Support

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Inspection To build a solid reputation in quality and service, every employee becomes an important part of a team effort. Our inspection department is located in the manufacturing plant and is equipped with high quality measuring tools. This facilitate the continuous, inprocess inspection need to meet our stringent quality standard. Every components of the K Series product line is 100 % checked in order to conform to the IADC, API Q 1 standard and ISO 9001.

VAREL INTERNATIONAL NEW CAPABILITIES Manufacturing 5 Axis CNC Mold Manufacturing Mold Using Graphite Machining Process

Nomenclature M/S K F 5 8 C 1 Profile Description Cutter Size Features F: Flat 2: 8 mm C 1…C 9: Special Cutters S: Short 3: 9 mm G 1…G 9: Special Gage M: Medium 4: 11 mm T 1…T 9: Special Turbo L: Long 5: 13 mm w: Crown O: Other 6: 16 mm E: Engineering 7: 19 mm 8 : 25 mm

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Bit Engineering & Application process • Application & Solution study of the bits goals & objectives. • Deliver the solution • Run the bit in the field application • Bit evaluation & Dull Grade • Post run analysis • Post run report • Recommended Bit Design Revisions • Improve performance Post Well Evaluation

VAREL INTERNATIONAL CAPABILITIES Premium Cutters Standard Diamond Table -. 080” Non Planar Interface

Finite Element Analysis n n n Computer model is sectioned into small elements Elements are used in calculations that approximate stresses for entire model Stresses are plotted to identify effects of design changes

Thick Diamond • Generically thick diamond table shows tensile stress regions on diamond face and edge • Diamond “Hoop” significantly reduces tensile stress in both regions

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES • ADVANCED PDC’S HAVE THICKER DIAMOND LAYERS, TYPICALLY OVER. 100 INCHES FOR ABRASION RESISTANCE • DURING PRESSING, THE THICK DIAMOND AND CARBIDE SUBSTRATE SHRINK AT DIFFERENT RATES • WITH FEA, THE IMPACT AND ABRASION RESISTANCE CAN BOTH BE IMPROVED BY THE DESIGN OF THE SUBSTRATE • RESIDUAL STRESSES FROM PRESSING CAN BE LOCATED TO IMPROVE IMPACT STRENGTH

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Cutter Sizes Premium PDC cutters: Dressed with ultra thick diamond layers for improved abrasion resistance and non-planar diamond to carbide substrate interfaces for superior impact resistance. More Aggressive More Durable

Crown Customized positioning Improve bit stability with a grooving effect. Increase carat content Unique wear crown pattern increasing cutter indentation as cutter wears down.

Shock Studs Customized positioning Improve bit stability reducing lateral and axial translations Reduce impact damage

DESIGN CAPABILITIES Computing Process COMPUTING RULES Mechanical Laws of Bit Behavior Optimization Criteria INPUT DATA Bit Specifications Operating Conditions OUTPUT DATA Bit Balancing Bit efficiency Wear Profile SPOT : Simulateur Pour l ’Optimisation des Trépans

VAREL INTERNATIONAL CAPABILITIES Optimization Criteria – PDC Bits Cutter placement: Specific Energy vs cutter positioning Cutting Efficiency: Torque and WOB needs vs ROP Imbalance: Steerability and Stability vs ROP WOB vs cutter’s wear

Force Balanced PDC Drill Bits Bit balance is the key factor in reducing bit vibration. Bit vibration may lead to reduced efficiency and premature bit failure. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the forces that are applied, we can reduce the imbalance force of the bit. The result is a bit that drills more efficiently and exhibits less induced vibration. SPOT : Simulateur Pour l ’Optimisation des Trépans

SPOT (Simulateur Pour l ‘Optimisation des Trepans) SPOT generates: • Net Imbalance Force • Predicted Cutter Wear • Specific Energy per Cutter • Engagement per Cutter • Volume Removed per Cutter • Bit Torque

CAPABILITIES PDC Bits 3 D Design

Blade Configurations Asymmetric Blade Placement Improved Cleaning Straight Increased Stability Spiral

Variable Cutter Back Rake Center - Low Outside - High

Cutting Structure More Aggressive Single Set More Durable and Stable Redundant Set

VAREL INTERNATIONAL VAREL CAPABILITIES Diamond Products Sizes up to 17 ½” • PDC – Matrix and Steel Body • TSP and Natural Diamond • Slim hole • Coreheads

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Bit Engineering & Application Process • Milestone 1 - Solution & Application study function of GOALS & OBJECTIVES - Deliver the Solution • Milestone 2 - Field Application • Milestone 3 - Evaluation - Post Run Analysis - Corrective actions

VAREL INTERNATIONAL CAPABILITIES Steel Bits 12 ¼” SKS 74

Hydraulic Simulation Key Parameters and Optimization Criteria • Nozzle Placement : Flow distribution and fluid trajectories • Fluid motion : Bit cleaning and cooling efficiency • Mud Flow : Jet impact and velocity • Open Face Volume : Effect of waterway size

HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS Hydraulic Simulations Meshing Adjustment Computation

HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS Fluid Velocity & Particles trajectories Shear stress Fluid pressure

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Hydraulic Simulation Output

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Higher Open Face Volume Ratio Accelerates ROP Open Face Volume is a key factor effecting bit hydraulics. When the open face volume is larger, the bit cleaning and cooling is more effective.

VAREL INTERNATIONAL Higher Open Face Volume Ratio Accelerates ROP As shown in the illustration, the blade standoff and open face volume of the SK Series are higher than those of the MK Series bits. In very soft formations, higher open face volume ratio can improve cuttings evacuation and increase ROP.

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