v U 4 7 Orientation to aromatic plants

v U 4. 7, Orientation to aromatic plants and herbs v 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

U 4. 7, Orientation to aromatic plants and herbs 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 2

Learning objectives(1) v o o o o · Understand the differences among the following terms: Herb Spice medicinal plant essential oil plant aromatic plant poisonous plants endangered species. 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

Learning objectives(2) · Explain: o What are the human benefits of using herbs, aromatics and medicinal plants. o What are some of the applications of medicinal plants. o Why there is an increased consumption of medicinal plants in modern society. o Which are the top selling herbs in North America. o How herbs, aromatics, and medicinal plants improve quality of life. o In which plant structures the essential oil is accumulated. o Where to find more information about herbs, aromatic and medicinal plants 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 4

• Medicinal Plants? §According to WHO… Medicinal Plants are in fact herbs, which are used for preparations/ formulations of traditional Medicinal Products § Broad forms § Herbal materials § Herbal preparations § Finished Herbal Products § Herbal Medicine 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

Importance of Medicinal Plants § 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicines (mostly plant based drugs) for primary health care(WHO) § Modern pharmacopoeia contains at least 25% drugs derived from plants and many others which are synthetic analogues built on prototype compounds isolated from plants § Demand increasing due to growing recognition of natural products being non-narcotic, having no side effects, easily available at affordable prices 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 6

Penetration of traditional medicine in various countries Country % population using traditional medicine Africa 70 -80 Pakistan 70 USA 42 UAE 100( Approx. ) Canada 70 China 100( Approx. ) Netherlands Above 50 Japan 70 -75 Germany 40 -50 Australia 48 India 70 France 49 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

World Consumption (Value) Consumption(US $) Source Year 62 billion Exim bank 1997 16. 5 billion Heritage healing 1999 120 billion The week 2002 Annual growth rate is about 10 -15% § Projected market 2005 -US $ 160 billion § Projected market 2010 -US $ 240 billion § Consumption worth Rs. 12, 000 Crores ! 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

World Trade § Estimated to be more than Rs. 15, 000 § crores § Top importing countries USA, Japan, Germany, UK § Top exporting countries China, Korea, Chile, India, Brazil, Th ailand 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

India’s share for crude drugs Countries USA (%) Japan (%) India 28 5 China 25 60 Germany 5 - Italy 4 - China Hong Kong 4 - Thailand - 4 Korea - 5 Brazil - 6 USA - 4 Others 34 16 Value ( in crores) 666 477 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

India’s share for extracts and saps Countries USA (%) Japan (%) India 18 7 China 9 10 Korea - 13 USA - 13 France 8 9 Denmark 9 14 Australia 11 - Others 45 34 Value in crores 2115 900 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

Export trend from India VALUE IN CRORES 1998 -99 1999 -00 2000 -01 2001 -02 1231 1262 1289 1210 Percent share of herbal products (Value) Plants and parts of plants : 30. 7% Vegetable saps and extracts : 49% Ayurvedic, Unani, and homeopathic medicines : 7. 8% Ayurvedic, , Unani, and homeopathic medicines for retail sales : 12. 5% 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8

Major destinations & products p. Major Destinations p. USA, Japan, Nepal, Russia, Bangladesh, Ivory Coast, China, UAE p p p Major Products Isabgol Senna leaves and pods Ginseng roots Bellodana roots Vinca rosea 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 13

Plants identified by Medicinal Plant Board Emblica Officinalis Gaertn § saraca asoca (Roxb. )de Wilde § Withania Somnifera (Linn. )Dunal § Aconitum Heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle § Aegle Marmelos(Linn) Corr. § Phyllanthus Amarus Schum & Thonn § Bacopa monnieri(L. ) Pennell § Santalum album linn § Swertia Chirata Buch-Ham § Tinospora cordifolia Miers § Gymnema sylvestre R. Br § Commiphora wrightii( Arn) Vhandari § Plantago ovata forsk. § Nardostachys jatamansi Dc § Gloriosa superba linn § Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees § 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 Garcinia indica Chois § Saussurea costus C. B. Clarke § Picrorhiza kurroa Benth ex Royle § Solanum nigrum Linn § Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn § Chlorophytum borivillianum Sant § Coleus barbatus Benth § Piper longum Linn § Berberis aristata DC § Crocus satius Linn § Rauwolfia serpentina Benth § Cassia angustifolia Vahl § Aasparagus racemosus Willd § Ocimum santum Linn § Embelia ribes Burm. F § Aconitum ferox Wall §

Advantage Kerala § Established industry for extraction of active § ingredients from plants § Established and popular Kerala Ayurvedic Treatment § Favourable Agro Ecology for most of medicinal § plants § Availability of some unique medicinal plants § Premier Educational and R&D institutions § Large pool of skilled manpower § Commercialisation of traditional knowledge base 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 15

Constraints § Unscientific and over exploitation of forest recourses § High cost of cultivation § Lack of awareness on protocols for domestication, § post-harvest, processing, marketing etc. § Non-availability of planting materials 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 16

Keya Plants of Kerala Piper longum L. (Pippali) § Kaemferia galanga-L. (Kacholam) § Curculigo orchiodes Gaertn. (Nilippan) § Acorus calamus L. (Vayambu) § Garcinia cambogia L. ( Koda- puli) § Andrographis paniculata Wall. Ex. Nees (Kiriath) § Asparagus racemosus Wild ( sathavari) § Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. Ex Schult ( Chakkara-kolli) § Sida rhombifolia L. (Kurumthotti) § Tinospora cordifolia (Willd. ) Miers ex Hook F. ET. Thoms § (Chittamruthu) § Gloriosa superba L. (Menthoni) § Adathoda beddomei C. B. Clarke (Chittadalotakam) § Products have been selected considering plants selected by NMPB, state’s competitiveness and exclusivity of some plants § 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 17

Proposed area under AEZ § DISRICTS § Idukki § Ernakulam § Thrissur § Palakkad § Malappuram § Wyanadu 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 18

Target Markets Ayurvedic and Unani preparations: UAE, Russia, Germany, Australia, and other Asian countries Extracts: USA, Japan, Russia, Germany, EU Plants and plant parts: USA, Germany, UAE, Japan Ayurvedic and Unani Herbs: Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Sri 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 19

Export project ions (Rs. Crores) Products Raw medicinal plants ( dried/powdered) Year 1 Year 2 Nil 1. 5 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 3 4. 5 5 Extracts/value added capsules etc. of single herb Nil 5 Ayurvedic medicine for bulk sale Nil 1. 5 Ayurvedic medicine for retail sale Nil 10 15 20 30 TOTAL Nil 18 31 44 65 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 10 3 15 4. 5 25 5

Proposed Interventions & Investments Interventions Estmated Investments ( Rs. In lakhs) Pre-harvest/collection § Training and Education § Domestication § Establishment of Herbal garden/nursery 901. 10 Post-harvest/processing § Collection centeres/pack house § Quality control laborotries § Procecessing units 879. 00 Documentation/Data bank § Development of data bank and information system 50. 00 Export prmotion market § Development and prmotion of Brand equity for medicinal plants and its products from Kerala 257. 00 Setting up of monitoring and co-ordination units 50. 00 Total 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 2, 162. 10

Project Cost Source Central agencies (APEDA/ NMPB/ MFPI/MOA) DOA ( GOK)* Private investments Total 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 Rs ( in Lakhs) 756. 2 691. 0 714. 9 2, 162. 1 Contribution (%) 34. 98 31. 96 33. 07 100

不可逆转的影响 1：部分文物被淹没 2：部分耕地被淹没 3：部分三峡自然景观 王松良博士 agroecology-s 3 -u 4. 7 -4. 8 23