USING APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BY HOWARD HENDERSON CHAPTER 2 AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION OF AGRISCIENCE • IT IS THE USE OF SCIENCE IN PRODUCING FOOD, FIBER AND SHELTER • APPLIED SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHAT SHOULD I DO? ” WHAT CHEMICAL TO USE • BASIC SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHY DOES IT DO WHAT IT DOES? ” EX. WHY CHEMICAL
TECHNOLOGY • PRACTICAL USE OF SCIENCEUSUALLY INCREASES FOOD PRODUCTION • DEVELOPMENT OF BST IN DAIRY TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF MILK ONE COW WILL PRODUCE *ADVANTAGE - LESS COWS NEEDED *DISADVANTAGE - LESS DAIRY FARMERS NEEDED
LEADERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGY • AGRISCIENTISTS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OFTEN MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WILL BE AVAILABLE • EXAMPLE WOULD BE IN THE US MONSANTO DEVELOPED A SOYBEAN THAT PRODUCES STERILE SEED; THEY DECIDED NOT TO PUT IT ON THE MARKET
FOUR AREAS OF SCIENCE • MATHEMATICS - WEIGHT TO BUY AND SELL A PRODUCT; LAND SURVEYING • PHSICAL SCIENCE - NONLIVING MATTER EARTH SCIENCE/CHEMISTY/PHYSICS EXAMPLE ACCURATE WEATHER/FERTILIZER/LOADING RAMPS
FOUR AREAS CONT. • LIFE SCIENCE - STUDY OF LIVING THINGS INCLUDES BOTONY AND ZOOLOGY • WAYS TO MAKE PLANTS AND ANIMALS GROW BETTER • SOCIAL SCIENCE -BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE: WHY PEOPLE RESPOND AS THEY DO TO FOOD
AGRONOMY • DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PLANTS AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE SOIL • PURPOSE IS TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION AND CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES
HORTICULTURE • SCIENCE OF GROWING FRUITS, NUTS AND VEGETABLES • ALSO INCLUDES FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND VINES
FORESTRY • SCIENCE OF GROWING AND USING FORESTS • TWO TYPES OF FORESTS : CULTURED - TREES ARE PLANTED AND CARED FOR • NATIVE - TREES THAT GROW WILD; USUALLY A MIXTURE OF TYPES
ENTOMOLOGY • BRANCH OF ZOOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH INSECTS AND RELATED SMALL ANIMALS • INCLUDES BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEYBEE • HARMFUL INSECTS - CORN BORERS
ANIMAL SCIENCE • AREA OF AGRISCIENCE DEALING WITH THE PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD • ANIMALS USED FOR MEAT INCLUDE CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, EMUS AND LLAMAS
POULTRY SCIENCE • AREA DEALING WITH RAISING CHICKENS AND RELATED FOWL(BIRDS) • MOST IMPORTANT - CHICKENS • OTHERS INCLUDE - TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE, PHEASANTS, QUAIL, AND GUINEA
AQUACULTURE • IS THE SCIENCE OF WATER FARMING • DEALS WITH BOTH AQUATIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS • EXAMPLES OF PLANTS - WATER CHESTNUTS AND WATER CRESS • EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS - TROUT AND ALLIGATORS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE • INVOLVES WAYS OF WISELY USING AND PROTECTING THE THINGS AROUND US • EMPHASIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INCLUDE THE AIR, SOIL, WATER, WILDLIFE, NATIVE PLANTS AND MINERALS
MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY • INVOLVES THE USE OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT TO DO WORK • EXAMPLES ARE DEVELOPING : TRACTORS, GREENHOUSES, PONDS, HARVESTING EQUIPMENT, ETC.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD • FIVE IMPORTANT STEPS • STEP ONE : IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM EXAMPLE - TOO MUCH BACKFAT IN LOCAL PIGS USED FOR SLAUGHTER • STEP TWO : GET INFORMATION EXAMPLE - COLLECT DATA FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSES IN AREA
SCIENTIFIC METHOD CONT. • STEP 3: SUGGEST AN ANSWER EXAMPLE - USE A SUPERIOR BOAR ON AREA SOW HERDS • STEP 4 : EXPERIMENT • EXAMPLE - FEED OUT OFFSPRING AND COMPARE CUT OUT DATA • STEP 5 : FORM CONCLUSIONS EXAMPLE - NEED TO USE NEW GENETICS IN OUR AREA
RESEARCH • AGRISCIENCE RESEARCH IS CARRIED OUT BY LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITIES, AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES, AGRIBUSINESSES AND OTHER GROUPS • A FEW FARMS DO RESEARCH
NEW AREAS OF AGRISCIENCE • • • BIOTECHNOLOGY GENETIC ENGINEERING REMOTE SENSING LASER TECHNOLGY COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE RADIATION
BIOTECHNOLOGY • EXAMPLES OF BIOTECH : • DEVELOPING VACCINES • PRODUCTS THAT WILL CAUSE LIVESTOCK TO PRODUCE MORE MEAT ON LESS FOOD • DEVELOPING BACTERIA THAT WILL CONSUME WASTES
GENETIC ENGINEERING • DEVELOP CROPS THAT ARE INSECT RESISTANCE • DEVELOP A TOMATO THAT IS ROT RESISTANCE • DEVELOP A CROP PLANT THAT KILLS THE WEEDS AROUND THEM
REMOTE SENSING • INVOLVES GATHERING AND RECORDING DATA FROM A GREAT DISTANCE • WEATHER INFORMATION • RESOURCE LOCATION • CROP PESTS • PROTECTING NATURAL RESOURCES
LASER TECHNOLOGY • A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES A SPECIAL KIND OF LIGHT • LAND FORMING • MONITORING PROCESSES • SCANNING - SUPERMARKETS
COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE • USING COMPUTERS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN AGRISCIENCE • DESIGNING FACILITIES • DEVELOPING PRODUCTS • MODELING NATURAL RESOURCES
RADIATION • USE OF RADIATION • PREVENTING SPOILAGE OF FOOD BY KILLING BACTERIA THAT MAY BE ON OR IN A FOOD PRODUCT • KEEPING INSECTS OUT OF STORED FOOD
ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH AGRI/TECHNOLOGY • • FOOD SAFETY POLLUTION CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS : EXAMPLE - FOOD PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE IMPORTED FROM A NATION WHERE PESTICIDES ARE BEING USED IMPROPERLY
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