Usi XML project 08026 2009 -2012 Reference A

Usi. XML project #08026 2009 -2012 Reference A Methodology for Developing User Interfaces to Workflow Information Systems Josefina Guerrero-Garcia, Jean Vanderdonckt Usi. XML Workshop EICS, Berlin, 20 June 2010 Université Catholique de Louvain

Business Domain IT Domain Reference Workflow 2 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

What is the workflow for? 1. To identify Ø how tasks are structured, who performs them, what their relative order is, how they are synchronized, how information flows to support the tasks, and how tasks are being tracked. 2. By automating many of the processes unnecessary steps are eliminated, and every member of the team is fully aware of his or her responsibilities. Reference 3. Makes it easier to track employee and machine performance. 4. Determines the right person for the right task at the right time. 3 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Why user interfaces to workflow information systems? Ø UIs are means to execute interactive-work Ø To reduce the gap between IT development and the organization needs in a co-evolutionary way Ø The closest the UI is to the workflow design, the more you keep traceability on the IS designed Ø When defining a workflow, software rarely supports designers in developing the UIs corresponding to this workflow. § Data flow Reference § Workflow design § Workflow management 4 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Agenda 1. Context 2. Methodology 1. 2. 3. Language Models Method and software Reference 3. Conclusions 5 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Usi. XML structure 6 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 Methodology : models

Reference Methodology : method and software 7 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Scenario (running example) Reference Ø Phlebology domain Ø Internet order system for personalized support stockings Ø Calculate a 3 D model of the customer's legs Ø Send pictures to the manufacturing department Ø Three sites: the shop, the servers of the corpus, the production site Ø Deutsche Post (optional) 8 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Methodology : method and software 9 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Methodology : method and software Model elicitation tool Reference Identification criteria and guidance 10 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference 11 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Methodology : method and software Reference Task spreadsheet 12 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Methodology : method and software 13 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Job editor Job Customer Handling A Associated tasks Customer identification Picture taking Uploading pictures Choice of model Entering data and sending Order management Producer A Comparison with catalogue and sending Encoding in database Preparation of machine Dyeing of stockings Sewing of toehold Logistic A Packaging Logistic B Delivery A Postman A Reference Producer B Transport post Transport Customer Handling B Delivery B Notification customer Fitting of stockings 14 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

User editor User Attributes Shop employee A Task experience 4 System experience 4 Bauerfeind employee A Bauerfeind employee B Bauerfeind employee Motivation 3 production Task experience 2 -5 System experience 2 Motivation 2 -4 production Task experience 2 -5 System experience 1 Motivation 1 -4 logistics Task experience 1 -5 Bauerfeind driver System experience 1 -5 Motivation 2 -4 Task experience 3 -5 Reference A driver for the System experience 1 Bauerfeind company Motivation 2 -4 Deutsche post employee Task experience 3 -5 A System experience 2 Motivation 2 -5 Shop employee B Task experience 4 -5 System experience 2 -4 15 Motivation 4 -5 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Methodology : method and software Organizational units Modeling workflow Reference Petri Nets 16 Jobs and users ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Modeling tasks Ideal. XML plug-in 17 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Workflow resource patterns To allocate tasks to resources [Russell, 2005] Reference ØWhom? Applying workflow resource patterns 18 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Workflow resource patterns handler Task Pattern Role based Uploading pictures Case-handling Planning Direct allocation Sewing of toehold Deferred allocation Packing Direct allocation Reference Picture taking 19 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference 20 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Methodology : method and software 21 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Methodology : method and software Reference Workflow manager 22 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Agenda 1. Context 2. State of the Art 3. Methodology 1. 2. 3. Language Models Method and software Reference 4. Conclusions 23 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Conclusions 24 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Contributions Ø Workflow user interface patterns. Ø Expanded task model. Ø Expanded mapping model. Ø Identification criteria. Ø User interface flow. Ø Task life cycle. Ø Methodological steps. Ø Colored concepts. Ø Workflow editor Ø Stylistics for workflow Reference concepts. Ø Agendas. 25 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Q&A 26 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Spare Slides 27 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Methodology : models 28 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Process model What to do? ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 29 Methodology : models

Methodology : models Task model ØHow to do it? Precondition Post-condition Reference Cooperation. Inclusive choice. Disabling with information passing. 30 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Reference Organizational model ØWhere to do it? ØWho will carry out it? ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 31

Reference Mapping model 32 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Agenda 1. Context 2. State of the Art 3. Methodology 1. 2. 3. Language Models Method and software 4. Validation Reference 5. Conclusions 33 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

External validation Validation ØTaxonomy used to classify empirical validation methods [Zelkowitz, 2008] üLiterature search. üLessons learned. Reference üField study. üSynthetic. üCase study. 34 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Validation Elaborating case studies Teaching theory Validating the case study proposed Supervising 0 1 2 Reference Proposing case study Developing case study Presenting case study ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 35 3 4 Months

Validation Case studies A collection of 17 different detailed projects was obtained Title Subject Tasks Org. Jobs Relations Patterns units 14 28 6 12 72 Organization of ‘ 24 h vélos de Louvain-la. Neuve ’ Replenishing shelves at Carrefour, Belgium Airport passenger workflow It deals with the organization of a cycle race 55 7 18 6 9 It manages the way to replenish shelves in a supermarket 25 6 10 3 10 It illustrates the steps that a passenger need to follow in order to do the check-in at airport 20 4 5 6 6 How to get my driving license It shows the steps to follow in order to get a driving license type “B” in Belgium 25 3 8 6 4 Requesting a credit to buy car Reference Organization of a It explains all the steps needed to organize a Triathlon sport event It details the process to get a credit to buy a car. 16 5 5 3 4 Order personalized compression stockings It deals with an Internet order system, allowing the ordering of personalized support stockings. 22 4 7 3 5 17 3 3 Tech. Support for It is about the way that a copy machine gets Copy Machines maintenance 36 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Validation Case studies Title Subject Tasks Org. Jobs Relations Patterns units It shows how an organization gives the service of transporting container from an A point to a B point 41 3 5 4 13 It is about the manner in which an organization deals with a buying order 38 8 14 5 8 Creating a collaborative blog It deals with the problem of creating a blog for a research group working at same university but in different departments 11 5 4 2 3 Workflow of MDC Group It focuses in the Consulting part about several fields: Logistics and events, Design and development of product, Industrial Processes, Sub hiring of staff, Payroll Management, Recruitment and Selection, Evaluation of Human Talent. This case study is about the manner in which an organization deals with a buying order 20 4 5 6 6 Buying process in a company 16 5 8 3 9 Credit card request Reference Container transport by ships, trains and trucks Manufacture of adhesives It details the process to get a credit card 36 10 13 6 10 Managing a private hospital This case study presents how a private clinic is managed 20 5 9 4 3 Organizing conferences This case study analyzes how people organize the program of small conferences by using a review tool 22 3 3 3 7 Installing hardware at Allianz group 37 This case study presents how an organization deals with the acquisition of hardware 36 5 8 4 8 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Internal validation Validation Ø Evaluation of the requirements § Model § Language § Method § Software Reference 1) Strict separation between the description of the organization and workflow process specification. 2) Support carrying out group tasks. Comment: One of the characterizing aspects of this method is the separation of concerns between modeling the organization and modeling the workflow processes within a given organization. Comment: This requirement is partially cover with the task model for representing the individual level, and the workflow model considering group requirements. 38 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Evaluation of the graphical notation Validation Ø It offers hints to improve the notation Ø We use the cognitive dimension framework (14 aspects) Ø We evaluated Flowi. XML aspects (notation, environment, medium) based on feedbacks of users (students and the interviewee) and self interpretation Reference Ø Getting requirements to improve Flowi. XML 39 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Evaluation of the graphical notation + Closeness of mapping A notation close to the domain of application. 40 +- Consistency Diffuseness Harmony of parts or features Expresses the verboseness of to one another. a notation. Task model editor (click to add) has different interaction style compared to the process editor (drag and drop). Thus the designer might be confused. Reference Workflows using the Petri Nets notation have a common understanding in the workflow community. So as the task modeling notation used in HCI communities. - Validation ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 - Using wf patterns demands to keep in mind their descriptions thus limiting users to implement them easily. + Petri Nets is composed of simple, limited and focused notation.

Agenda 1. Context 2. State of the Art 3. Methodology 1. 2. 3. Language Models Method and software 4. Validation Reference 5. Conclusions 41 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Organizational model Ø The enterprise ontology Ø The agent-oriented enterprise meta-model Reference Ø Structure in five 42 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Workflow Ø Notations: § Petri Nets § Statechart Diagrams § Business Process Modeling Notation Ø Workflow patterns: § Microsoft Windows §Control-flow Patterns Workflow Foundation §Workflow Data § Web Sphere MQ Workflow § Business Process Visual Architect Reference § UML Activity Diagrams Ø Software support: 43 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 Patterns § Workflow Resource Patterns

Task model Ø Notations: Ø Software support: § AMBOSS § ANSI/CEA § Dtask § TAMOT § GOMS § GLEAN 3 § GTA § EUTERPE § HTA Win § TOOD 44 § CTTE § Diane + Reference § CTT § ETOOD ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

User interfaces Ø UIDL: Ø Software support: § UIML. net, Voice. XML renderer, WML renderer, VB 2 UMIL § Usi. XML § Sketchi. XML, Graphi. XML, Flasi. XML, Ideal. XML, Interpi. XML 45 § XICL STUDIO § XIML Reference § XICL § XIML Schema ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012

Dissemination Conceptual modeling Journals Method JUCS JWE Book chapters HCIS IGI Global DSV-IS INTERACCION USIXML IGI Global CADUI Conference proceedings BDDI CLIHC ICAS CLIHC Reference IWWOST Posters Doctoral Consortium 46 2007 Doctoral Consortium 2008 2009 ITEA Usi. XML project #08026, 2009 -2012 2010