Useful minerals of Global ocean Resources of bottom oceans
Ocean An ocean (from Greek Ὠκεανὸς, "okeanos" Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (~3. 6× 108 km 2) is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas.
More than half of this area is over 3, 000 meters (9, 800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 3. 5‰, and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ‰.
Global ocean consists of: Pacific Ocean, which separates Asia and Australia from the Americas Atlantic Ocean, which separates the Americas from Europe and Africa Indian Ocean, which washes upon southern Asia and separates Africa and Australia Southern Ocean, sometimes considered an extension of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, which encircles Antarctica. Arctic Ocean, sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic, which covers much of the Arctic and washes upon northern North America and Eurasia.
Energetic resources First major resources is oil and gas! Now 25% oil and gas of world mined in the ocean. Further more and more!
Oil and gas consists of hydrocarbons, that formatting of organic matter. Organic matter it’s “very old” floras and faunas, in particular it’s plankton. Because shallow shelves is good formation oil and gas. Example for this is North and Barents seas, Mexican and Persian bays.
Namely shelves in near future will the main objects for geological exploration and mining oil and gas!
Iron-manganese concretions It’s very important minerals in XXI century! Prices of this metals increasing every day. Example: in Pacific ocean volume of iron-manganese concretions about 200 billion tones. Now extract concretions from the ocean floor not economically viable, but exploration is being actively. Investment in future! Concretions are in “Black smokers”
Also interested in large amounts of copper, cobalt, nickel and more. Resources Mineral Сu Co Ni Mn Resources, tones Cu 80*106 Co 20*106 Ni 98*106 Mn 2200*106
Heavy metal placers Very much titanium, gold, platinum, tsirkoiny, tin and diamond contained in shelf and in coast. The water is heavy metal and acids
Some countries extract salt (Na. Cl) from ocean water. China extract gold from seas. It’s very interesting!
Building materials Gravel and sand mined on the shores of oceans. They make an excellent building material, which we using!
Conclusion In the last 30 years have been drilled 2000 wells (1000 wills is in ocean). On the shelves of produce oil and gas extracted from the bottom of heavy metals and building materials, water is extracted from the salt and some metals. Technological progress promotes the extraction of minerals.
Used literature: http: //www. yandex. ru http: //ru. wikipedia. org “Obshay geologia” – N. V. Koronovsky “Geologia” – E. OG
Good luck, geologists. It's in our hands! Thank you! Artur Iskhakov 119 grupe
Скачать презентацию Useful minerals of Global ocean Resources of bottom
Useful minerals of Global ocean Я!.pptx