US-DPRK NEXT STEPS WORKSHOP January 27 2003 Washington

US-DPRK NEXT STEPS WORKSHOP January 27, 2003 Washington DC MIA Joint Recovery Ashton Ormes Please send comments to Author at: Ashton. ormes@osd. mil Co-Sponsors Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability www. nautilus. org ph 510 2956125 contact: npark@nautilus. org Carnegie Endowment for International Peace www. ceip. org ph 202 -939 -2294 Contact: mrajkumar@ceip. org

The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability wishes to thank the following donors for their support of this conference: The John D. and Catherine T. Mac. Arthur Foundation The Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund The Ford Foundation Ploughshares Fund The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace wishes to extend its thanks for the support of this conference to the following organizations: The John D. and Catherine T. Mac. Arthur Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York The Ford Foundation The Prospect Hill Foundation Ploughshares Fund New Land Foundation

About Nautilus Institute is a private, non-profit organization that seeks solutions to global problems. Nautilus’ mission is to apply and refine the strategic tools of cooperative engagement in order to build global security and sustainability. Nautilus undertakes initiatives with specific outcomes that prefigure a global solution to global problems, over a 1 -3 year horizon. Nautilus produces the Northeast Asian Peace and Security Network Daily Report and conducts a policy forum and provides special reports on nuclear security issue in East Asia, especially in Korea. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability 125 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 -1616 USA tel: 1 510 295 -6100 fax: 1 510 295 -6130 Workshop contact: Nancy Park, npark@nautilus. org tel: 1 510 295 -6125

About Carnegie The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation among nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States. The Non-Proliferation Project is an internationally recognized source of information and analysis on efforts to curb the spread of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and missile delivery systems. Through publications, conferences, and the Internet, the project promotes greater public awareness of these security issues and encourages effective policies to address weapons proliferation and its underlying causes. The Carnegie Moscow Center's Non. Proliferation Project provides a unique forum for these issues in Russia. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 tel: 202 -939 -2294 fax: 202 483 -1840 Workshop contact: Miriam Rajkumar email: mrajkumar@ceip. org

US-DPRK NEXT STEPS WORKSHOP January 27, 2003 Washington DC Session 4 – Access & Information in the DPRK, What Works, What Fails MIA Joint Recovery Ashton Ormes

Estimate of Remains of American Servicemen in North Korea POW Camp Burial Sites (1, 200) Valley #1 Camp (41) Apex (270) Chosin Reservoir Area (1, 079) Camp 5 (322) Death Valley Camp (233) Unsan/Chongchon Area (1, 559) Kuryong (176) Kujang (276) Unsan (285) Kunuri (404) Yudamni (199) Sinhung (100) - Twiggae (244) Koto ri Cemetery (30) Hungnam Cemetery (49) Suan Camps (220) DM Z (89) Pyongyang Cemetery (185) • Estimated numbers of remains are in parenthesis

North Korea • January 2002 Negotiations – No Agreement Reached Battle of Unsan & Chongchon River • June 2002 Negotiations – Agreement Reached for 2002 • Three Operations: – First JRO: Jul 20 -Aug 20 – Second JRO: Aug 24–Sep 24 – Third JRO: Sep 28–Oct 29 • Areas of Operations: – Unsan & Changjin Counties Changjin County Unsan County

North Korea CY 2002 JRO Results • 1 st JRO – Completed Aug 20 – Area of Operations: Unsan County & Chosin Reservoir – Remains Recovered: 7 • 2 nd JRO – Completed Sep 24 – Area of Operations: Same – Remains Recovered: 8 • 3 rd JRO – Completed Oct 29 – Area of Operations: Same – Remains Recovered: 11 Field Operations in Korea • Total Remains Recovered to date: 386* *Total includes 208 remains unilaterally returned by North Korea between 1990 -1994.

Standards of Information and Access

Types of Access and Information Sought in DPRK

Estimate of Remains of American Servicemen in North Korea POW Camp Burial Sites (1, 200) Valley #1 Camp (41) Apex (270) Chosin Reservoir Area (1, 079) Camp 5 (322) Death Valley Camp (233) Unsan/Chongchon Area (1, 559) Kuryong (176) Kujang (276) Unsan (285) Kunuri (404) Yudamni (199) Sinhung (100) - Twiggae (244) Koto ri Cemetery (30) Hungnam Cemetery (49) Suan Camps (220) DM Z (89) Pyongyang Cemetery (185) • Estimated numbers of remains are in parenthesis

Transactions Over Time

CONCLUSIONS Know What You Want Know Your DPRK Interlocutors Be Persistent and Consistent