Uprisings against USSR Prague Spring 1968 Czechoslovakia

Uprisings against USSR Prague Spring (1968) – Czechoslovakia Military force to stop it

2. Create a country for Jews Israel – 1947 ***we will come back to this***

3. What to do with Japan? U. S. in charge of rebuilding New government - democracy Demilitarization – no military

4. United Nations Goodbye League of Nations All are welcome, but must sign “Declaration of Human Rights”

THE COLD WAR (1945 -1991)

The Cold War Period when U. S. and the Soviet Union competed for countries and weapons NEVER actually fought – people thought that they would US = democratic and capitalist USSR = communist

Arms Race USSR exploded A-bomb in 1949 U. S. had 33, 000 A-bombs in 1966

The Space Race Sputnik I (1957)

st 1 to Walk on Moon (1969)

Decision on Germany 1. Nuremberg Trials 22 Nazi leaders on trial for “crimes against humanity” Said “Just following orders” Guilty

2. Germany is split Two countries; west – democratic and east Communist West industrializes and thrives East doesn’t

Berlin Wall Created in 1961 in Berlin, Germany Becomes a symbol of the Cold War

Iron Curtain Imaginary line dividing Communist countries (called satellites) from non-Communist

Goal of the U. S. Containment – keep Communism from spreading any further So… create Marshall Plan – provide economic aid ($$$) to European countries

Military Alliances NATO – Between US and W. European countries (democratic) Warsaw Pact – USSR and its satellites (communist)

Non-Alignment Countries who stayed neutral

COLD WAR “HOT SPOTS” 1. Korea “A Shrimp among whales”

After WWII (Japan conquered before WWII) Divided: North (Communist) and South (Democratic, Capitalist) Korean War lasted 3 years – US helped south NEVER SIGNED PEACE TREATY

Kim Jong Il – Recently died (2011) Totalitarian Communist (North Korea) Helped build nuclear weapons program

His Son – Kim Jung Un

4. China Jiang Jieshi (JJ) Democratic nationalist Leader during WWII Mao Zedong Communist Nationalist Peasants Support****

Issues from WWII – Japanese Invasion

Communists Win (1949) Long March – Mao & followers escape JJ Establishes him as a legit leader Education for all Equal Rights for Women

Mao = Copies Stalin Great Leap Forward (5 year plan)attempts to industrialize and collectives = fails Cultural Revolution – tries to eliminate all possible opponents 40 million die **Unlike Stalin, Mao totally fails

2. Vietnam French colony until 1954 (imperialism) War between… North = Communist Leader = Ho Chi Minh South = Democratic US helps the South North wins

Vietnam War Memorial (D. C. )

3. Cuba (1959) Corrupt U. S. backed government Communist group led by Fidel Castro overthrows them Becomes dictator (support from USSR)

Major US/Cuban Events Bay of Pigs (1961) Cuban-American exiles trained by CIA invade Cuba ***FAILURE***

Cuban Political Cartoon

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) 90 miles from Florida

Range of the Missiles

U. S. Embargo of Cuba (1962) No trade (including tourism) by U. S. citizens to Cuba

The Cuban “Boat People”

Castro Today

Cuba Today Almost no political freedoms “Free” healthcare, education, and equal distribution of wealth Very poor since USSR fell (1991)

5. Afghanistan (1979 -1989) Soviet Union tries to invade U. S. support rebel groups (conservative Muslims ---- will eventually be “al-Queda”)

Non-Aligned – neutral during Cold War

4. Nicaragua (1978 -1989) Sandanista Party (“Communist”) overthrew corrupt US backed gov’t US helped Contras (anti-Sandanistas) Helped burn down schools, hospitals and killed many people

Others U. S. intervention in L. A. Haiti, 1987 -94, 2004 Chile 1973 El Salvador 1980 Guatemala 1953 DR, 1966 Ecuador, 1961 Panama, 1989 Grenada, 1979 -84 Brazil, 1961 -64 British Guiana/Guyana, 1953 -64 Bolivia, 1967 (assassination of Che) Uruguay, 1973 Honduras, 1980 Granada, 1983 Jamaica 1982 Puerto Rico 1952