Unresolved Problems of the Modern World Issues facing

Unresolved Problems of the Modern World Issues facing the world community include technological and environmental change, distribution of resources, and global security. Doctors examining an image of the blood vessels in a patient’s brain. NEXT

Unresolved Problems of the Modern World SECTION 1 Technology Transforms Life SECTION 2 Environmental Challenges SECTION 3 Feeding a Growing Population SECTION 4 Economic Issues in the Developing World SECTION 5 Seeking Global Security SECTION 6 Defending Human Rights and Freedoms NEXT

Section 1 Technology Transforms Life The rapid emergence of new technologies holds promises as well as challenges for people around the world. NEXT

SECTION 1 Technology Transforms Life A Revolution in Electronics The Influence of Computers • Earliest use of computers was to solve complex math problems • Today, powerful computers make billions of computations per second • Computers used in space, transportation, business, more Information Spreads in New Ways • Electronic technology permits instant communication across planet - through cellular phones, fax machines, Internet • Internet used to sell products, move information, send messages Image NEXT

SECTION 1 A Connected World A Changing Workforce • Many white-collar workers telecommute • Television, radio, Internet provide instant information to investors • Trading, banking, financial transactions can be done electronically • Robots perform many manufacturing jobs; workforces cut • Blue-collar jobs changing to high-tech in technological economies • Technologically industrialized nations dominate less-developed nations Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued A Connected World Cultures Converge • Mass media—television, radio, movies, music, press—is expanding • Media spreads images, ideas, fashions around world Old Ways Abandoned • Spread of ideas may change traditional cultures • Some fear media weakens personal ways of interacting • Technology also used to document, preserve traditions NEXT

Section 2 Environmental Challenges Technology and industrialization have created environmental challenges that affect the entire world. NEXT

SECTION 2 Environmental Challenges World Concern over the Environment The Greenhouse Effect • Greenhouse effect—global warming caused by industrial pollution • Not all scientists agree this is cause of earth’s warming climate • Industrialized nations have called for limits on greenhouse gases • Developing countries resist limits that restrict industrialization Air Pollution Varies • Air pollution a health hazard; U. S. , European cities try to clean air • Severe problem in many places, especially Asia Image NEXT

SECTION 2 Depletion of Natural Resources Scarcity of Clean Water • Water pollution, scarcity cause 80% of illness in developing nations • Nations that share water supplies must cooperate to avoid conflicts • California has high demand for water, must conserve Destruction of Rain Forests Image • Loss of tropical rain forests in developing countries affects world • Forests maintain water quality; rain, oxygen cycles; many species • Sustainable development—economic growth that preserves environment NEXT

SECTION 2 A Growing Appetite for Energy Use and its Challenges • 80% earth’s energy supply nonrenewable; developed countries use most • Use of nonrenewable energy has many negative environmental effects The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill • Oil spills foul water, shorelines, kill sea life • Exxon Valdez spill off Alaska caused serious environmental problems Solutions for the 21 st Century • Govt. action, better technology, inexpensive renewable sources needed • Nations must agree on how to achieve sustainable development NEXT

Section 3 Feeding a Growing Population growth has put great pressure on the earth’s resources, including the food supply. NEXT

SECTION 3 Feeding a Growing Population Causes of World Hunger The Role of Nature • Overpopulation—too many people for resources of area to support • As too many people live on limited resources, poverty, hunger go up • Climate changes major cause of hunger - 1970 s-80 s African droughts caused poor harvests, famine, malnutrition Image Government-Produced Famine • Wars disrupt food production, also delivery by relief agencies • War, low export prices, high birth rates worsen problems in Africa NEXT

SECTION 3 Revolutions in Food Production Science Influences Agriculture • Green revolution—successful effort to increase world food supply - uses fertilizers, pesticides, high-yield strains, much irrigation • Many African nations do not have water supply to use new seeds • Chemicals costly, clash with traditional methods, harm environment • Biorevolution—altering genes for more productive, resistant plants • May create disease-causing organisms, become diseased easily NEXT

SECTION 3 Other Solutions to Population Problems Improving Economies • As country’s economy improves, birth rates fall • Women have fewer pregnancies as more newborns survive - strong economies have better health care, nutrition, child-care education • Families need fewer children to help support family, elderly parents Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued Other Solutions to Population Problems Limiting Population Growth • Lowering rate of population growth helps curb overpopulation • Plans try family planning, reducing child mortality, women’s rights • Strict policy may step on personal freedom, target powerless groups Improving Women’s Status • Most experts think protecting women’s rights key to lower birth rate - higher status for women means lower birth rates NEXT

Section 4 Economic Issues in the Developing World Developing nations face a set of economic challenges that must be resolved. NEXT

SECTION 4 Economic Issues in the Developing World Providing International Aid Economic Development • Less-developed countries—countries not fully industrialized • Industrialized nations interested in LDCs for raw materials, as markets • Factors necessary for economic development: - investment capital—funds for building industries, infrastructure - technology to make companies, workers more productive - healthy, well-trained workers; qualified managers Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 continued Providing International Aid Roots of the Difficulties • Many believe imperialism, colonialism reason LDCs not industrialized - after WW II, had underdeveloped economies, weak political traditions • World Bank gives loans for large-scale development projects • International Monetary Fund—emergency loans in financial crisis Tense Relations • World Bank may fund projects that do not help people of a country • IMF criticized for harsh financial condition upon recipient nations NEXT

SECTION 4 Different Economic Approaches Multinational corporations • Multinationals want cost of labor, materials low to raise profits - often bring jobs, investment capital, technology to LDCs - criticized for exploiting workers, harming environment • LDCs want multinational companies to invest in them, create jobs - offer favorable tax rates, work regulations Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 continued Different Economic Approaches Grassroots Development • Grassroots development—small, communitybased projects to help poor - raise standard of living but preserve local customs • Microcredit—small loans to people to start smallscale businesses Free Trade or Protectionism • Free trade—reduce trade barriers to stimulate international commerce • Protectionists support tariffs to protect local industries, products • Many LDCs adopt free trade; regional blocs may give economic support NEXT

Section 5 Seeking Global Security War, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction threaten the safety of people all over the world. NEXT

SECTION 5 Seeking Global Security Worldwide Arms Trade The Market for Weapons • Cold War conventional arms—non-nuclear—from U. S. , U. S. S. R. , W. Europe • Mid-1980 s, government-sponsored trade declines considerably • Illegal market for weapons grows • Illegal arms often used in political, religious, ethnic conflicts Protests Against Weapons Sales • Some people taking action against arms dealers - Belgian protesters convince customs to seize unlicensed arms at fair NEXT

SECTION 5 Weapons of Mass Destruction The Threat of Nuclear Weapons • Nuclear weapons threat to world peace • 170 nations sign Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons • Concern that some nations on verge of developing nuclear weapons Biological and Chemical Weapons • Biological, chemical weapons easy to make, distribute - more available to terrorists, LDCs • Biological or bioweapons can kill huge numbers, spread by infection NEXT

SECTION 5 The War in Iraq The Path to War • Many consider Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein threat to world peace • 1980 s uses chemical weapons to put down rebellion • 1990 invaded Kuwait, pushed back by U. S. -led coalition • U. S. , others say Hussein developing weapons of mass destruction • Hussein allows UN inspectors; many think not fully cooperating • Security council divided over what to do next Image Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 5 continued The War in Iraq Operation Iraqi Freedom • U. S. , British-led coalition invades Iraq; many countries oppose • Some say wrong to attack to prevent future problems • U. S. , Britain say will not wait to be attacked • April 2003, Baghdad falls, Hussein regime collapses The Struggle Continues • Work remains to rebuild Iraq; troops keep order; WMD not found • Interim Iraqi government plans for constitution, elections NEXT

Section 6 Defending Human Rights and Freedoms Human rights and freedoms have become a major international concern. NEXT

SECTION 6 Defending Human Rights and Freedoms The Struggle for Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by UN 1948 - asserts all people free, equal - calls for basic civil liberties, political rights for all • UN, independent groups see if countries meet human rights standards • Serious violations of human rights occur around the world Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 6 continued The Struggle for Human Rights Political Dissent • Countries persecute people with different political views than govt. Ethnic and Racial Conflicts • Ethnic, racial hatreds lead to genocide, persecution of other groups Image Religious Persecution • Rights violations over religion often have ethnic, political links NEXT

SECTION 6 Children at Risk Children Vulnerable in Many Ways • Many children lack food, education, health care, especially in LDCs • Many forced to work long hours, in danger, for little or no pay • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child calls for basic rights: - health care, education, protection from abuse, neglect • World Summit for Children adopts program for their welfare Image NEXT

SECTION 6 Signs of Hope Human Rights Successes • Greatest human rights successes in area of political rights, freedom • Most Soviet bloc countries have democratic elections, free speech • Apartheid ends in South Africa, multiracial government elected Women’s Rights Addressed • Around world, women poorer, less access to social benefits than men • UN adopts Convention to end discrimination, almost 100 nations sign • Beijing conference: leadership, property, population, social issues Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 6 continued Signs of Hope Human Rights in the 21 st Century • Much work still to be done to bring rights to people everywhere • Important trends provide reasons for hope in continued progress - more education gives people skills to exercise rights, improve lives - communications networks help groups investigate, report abuses - mass media makes people rapidly aware of abuses Image NEXT

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