Unmanned Aircraft Systems — Access to the National

Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Access to the National Airspace System Presented By: Central Service Center Air Traffic Unmanned Aircraft System Date: 31 August 2009 Federal Aviation Administration

What are UAS? • Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) historically were called by various terms: Ø Drone/ROA/RPV/UAV/Model/R-C • Today they are Defined as: Ø Unmanned Aircraft (UA) Ø Aircraft Control Station Ø Command & Control Link/s Ø Pilot 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 2

Characteristics • UAS can range in weight from a few grams to thousands of pounds and can operate at altitudes from near surface to the edge of space. • Some UA can remain aloft for minutes or days for others. • Further designs allow for the possibility that some UAS will be able to remain aloft for months. • Some UA fly slowly while others are capable of very high speeds. • Some UA require a prepared runway while others can be launched and recovered from unprepared fields, ships, aircraft, rooftops, or by hand. 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 3

See and Avoid is not an ATC Function Ø Air Traffic Radar does not depict everything in the NAS 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 4

Special Use Airspace/Airspace for Special Use • Part 73 of Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14 …activities must be confined because of their nature… • They are there to protect Pilots and Aircraft • 6 Flavors of Special Use Airspace these 3 provide a “confined” environment – Prohibited Areas -- Regulatory – Restricted Areas -- Regulatory – Warning Areas (off-shore) • Other types of Airspace that provide a cooperative/positive control: – Class A – Class C – Temporary Flight Restricted Areas 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 5

Who is Operating UAS in the NAS Public Use Aircraft – Certificate of Waiver or Authorization • • • Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Homeland Security Department of Interior Department of Justice NASA State Universities State Law Enforcement 19 December 2008 Civil Aircraft – Special Airworthiness Certificates Experimental • Issued in all 3 Service Areas Ø Ø Ø Raytheon AAI Corporation General Atomics Boeing And more Federal Aviation Administration 6

What are they doing? • • • Operational Missions Training for Operational Missions Research Sensor Development and Testing Marketing Border Patrol Firefighting Disaster Relief Search and Rescue 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 7

When are they doing it? • Daily • Mostly Daylight Operations • Some Night Operations 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 8

Where are they doing it? • Class A, C, D, E, and G Airspace • Domestic and Oceanic • Outside of SUA 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 9

Where are they not doing it? • Class B Airspace • Most 30 nm Mode C veil – Appendix D to Part 91 • Over Populated Areas 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 10

How are they doing it? Specific authorization is required for operations outside of active restricted/warning area airspace, with aviation activities authorized —NO EXCEPTIONS 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 11

4 Ways to Fly an UAS in the National Airspace System • Completely in active Restricted, Warning Area airspace approved for aviation activities – No FAA approval - range rules apply • Private recreational use – Advisory Circular 91 -57 • Special Airworthiness Certificate - Experimental Category – – Civil operators FAA determines Airworthiness Only one airframe (issued a “N” number) No commercial operations • Certificate of Waiver or Authorization – – Public Use Aircraft Agency determines airworthiness FAA policy 08 -01 is current GUIDANCE All are required to have a NOTAM issued outside Class A/C 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 12

Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) 158 Active in US NAS • • FAA Form 7711 -1 Authorization to operate UAS in the NAS We do not release/discuss with others Consists of 4 sets of provisions: Ø General Ø Safety Ø Standard Ø Special 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 13

Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) • Standard Provisions: – Just that – Standard for most operators • Special Provisions: – Tailored to individual mission and ATC facility requirements – Identifies requirements for the operator – Alternate means of compliance those sections of 14 CFR part 91 that UAS are unable to comply with 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 14

Customer commits case AJR-36 admin review No Admin correct Yes COA Process Customer makes changes and commits case AJR-36 email to SA for feasibility check Case feasible AJR-36 release case to customer for corrections Yes Admin correct Acceptable resolution reached SA contacts customer to work case No Yes SA email to AJR-36 “Release” case to customer No AJR-36 formal denial letter issued COA issued Customer makes changes and “Commits” case No Yes SA email to HQ to “Validate” case SA email to HQ “Validate” 60 Day Clock Starts AJR-36 “Validates” and sends case to PO for review PO Concur No PO works case with HQ, SA and customer PO Concur Yes 95% sent to SA by AJR-36 19 December 2008 SA final coordination with affected AT facilities SA emails 100% to AJR-36 reviews and Signs 7711 -1. Emails final COA to SA for distribution SA emails final COA to customer and CC to AJR-36 Aviation Federal Administration 15

2 Special COA’s • Disaster Relief – issued to JFACC – – • Only Predator Class and Global Hawk This year may include additional assets General and Safety Provisions sections signed Special Provisions worked for each Disaster – they must be signed before flight Emergency COA – Issued in hours not months – Proponent has current COA for aircraft – A situation exists that is defined as a condition of distress or urgency where there is, or has the extreme possibility of loss of life, and; – Manned flight is not possible due to a hazard or the operation cannot be conducted safely with manned flight, and; – Emergency UAS COA's shall not be considered for: • • • Demonstration flights Flights to test capabilities Training Flights in Class B Airspace Flights over populated areas 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 16

Some are Easier / Some are… • Easier: – Short duration / Small Operating Area – Remote / Unpopulated Area – Low impact Lost Link Procedures – Established aviation program – Visual Flight Rules – Line of Sight – Communication, Command Control – Class E/G Airspace 19 December 2008 • Not so Easy – Long Duration/Large Operating Area – Near Populated Areas – First Aviation activity – Complex Lost Link Procedures – Instrument Flight Rules – Beyond Line of Sight – Communications, Command Control – Class A/C/D Airspace (no current possibility of operations in or under Class B) Federal Aviation Administration 17

UAS Challenges Ø Ensuring safety of the NAS – For all users and public on the ground Ø Safety impacts: – Inherent low visibility of many UAS aircraft - more difficult to visually detect – Increased time between detection and avoidance – UAS aircraft performance limits in collision avoidance Ø Developing standards, procedures and separation standards for an industry already in operation Ø Supporting the national defense expanding access requests Ø Other Government Agencies into the mix 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 18

Trends • FAA UAS Program Office has seen a 100% increase in COA requests from law enforcement and universities this past year. • Moving from “routine” to more sophisticated UAS missions requiring extensive coordination with multiple affected ATC facilities. • Significant increase in requests from all users for operations outside of restricted airspace and for “sterile” airspace 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 19

Herington UAS Flight Facility Part of the Kansas UAS Network (KSUN) Possible US Army UAS Training Site Supporting Fort Riley Hand Launched Raven Shadow UAS 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 20 ALL REQUIRE FAA UAS COA APPLICATION

Herington UAS Flight Facility Part of the Kansas UAS Network (KSUN) Kansas State University CQ-10 A Operator Course Fall 2010 CQ-10 A Snow. Goose Base UAS Operator’s Course Federal Aviation Educational Training, Kansas National Guard Support, Payload Development 21 19 December 2008 Administration

THREE COMMERCIAL VARIANTS Under Development ® FIRST FLIGHT 17 Feb 2010 Ø Open Steel Frame Outsized Cargo: Designed to Transport ATVs, Snowmobiles, Generators etc. Mast & Rotor Easily Folded with Blades back (Grasshopper Fashion) to Enable Towing as a Ground Trailer. Ø Re-Usable Steel Frame Covered Box: Parcel Delivery, Plywood, PVC Pipe, Construction Material, 55 Gallon Drums Ø Expendable Disaster Relief: One Time Use Wooden Fuselage with Wooden Blades, Hi-Dollar Rotor and Stabilization System Recoverable in Ruck Federal Aviation Administration All Average About 1500 lb GWT with 1, 000 lb Payloads 19 December 2008 22

® JA-1 A Half Ton 19 December 2008 Unmanned Autogyro Cargo Aircraft that can be Towed by Manned Aircraft For Remote “Bush” Aviation Delivery in Canada and Alaska and Military Applications Prototype Staged at Herington Federal Aviation for Testing Administration 23

Herington UAS Flight Facility Part of the Kansas UAS Network (KSUN) Presented By: Date: Questions? Federal Aviation Administration

World’s First Production Cargo UAS Ø 34 Knot Cruise Speed Ø Low Risk Engine Off Parachute Landing 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 25

HUFF Current UAS Operators Herington UAS Flight Facility MMIST CQ-10 A Snow. Goose Part of the Kansas UAS Network (KSUN) Ø World’s First Cargo UAS Ø Two MMIST Owned Aircraft Currently Based at HUFF Do. D Certified UAS Ø Used in Iraq & Afghanistan Ø 40 mph, 200 mile Range Ø Up to 500 lb Payload Ø Loud Speakers for Public Address in Disasters Ø Drop Emergency Supplies Ø Illumination in Post Tornado Ø 19 December 2008 Communications and Camera Federal Aviation Air Launched From C-130 – C-17 Aircraft Administration 26

CSA Contacts • Carl Youngblood 817 -321 -7722 • Michael Rizzo 817 -321 -7733 • Roger Mc. Grath 817 -321 -7735 • www. faa. gov/uas 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 27

Information http: //www. faa. gov/uas 19 December 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 28