UNIX LINUX Basic Operations Concepts NETS

UNIX LINUX Basic Operations & Concepts § NETS - Standard 1 (an expectation for your students) § Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. § Students are proficient in the use of technology. EDT 3470 - Spring 2007 1

Draft - New Standards Technology Operations and Concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of technology concepts, systems, and operations. Students: A. understand use technology systems. B. identify and use applications effectively and productively. C. troubleshoot systems and applications. D. transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies. 2

Why do I need to learn about this stuff? Because…you’ll need this knowledge to… Differentiate yourself from other job-seeking teacher candidates Become more of an Educational Technology producer in your classroom -- and not just a user Be able to speak intelligently when dealing with: § District technology staff, REMCs/ISDs, and vendors § Advanced students and their parents or guardians It’s a National Educational Technology Standard (NETS) 3

Farming Jobs – 1900 vs. 2000 • In 1900, 92% of U. S. population worked on a farm • In 2000, that figure was about 2 % • What happened? 4

Technology Happened § Tractors were developed that could do the work of many horses, oxen, and people. § Major change didn’t happen overnight -- the technology and performance incrementally improved -- starting with steam engines, then internal combustion engines, and now -- electronics assisted intelligent tractors 5

Impact of Technology on Farming § Farming output continued to increase throughout the 20 th Century § Farm size increased -- smaller farms were aggregated into larger farms § Reduced the need for farm hands, beast of burden, blacksmiths, and other manual labor jobs § Increased the need for tractor mechanics, agriculture educators, transportation and distribution jobs, and other totally new crop related jobs 6

Some Computer History Trivia Q: How was Napoleon important to the development of the modern computer? 7

Believe it or not… A: Napoleon’s troops in Egypt buy shawls and start a fashion craze. In Europe, the shawls get made on automated, perforated-paper control looms. This gives an American engineer, Herman Hollerith, the idea to automate calculations using punch cards. Which get used to control ENIAC, the first electronic computer. That began the computing revolution -- and the phenomena that we call Moore’s Law 8

What is Moore’s Law? 9

But Moore was not the first Moore's Law of Integrated Circuits was not the first, but the fifth paradigm to provide accelerating price-performance. Computing devices have been consistently multiplying in power (per unit of time)… 1. From the mechanical calculating devices used in the 1890 US Census 2. To Turing's relay-based "Robinson" machine that cracked the Nazi enigma code 3. To the CBS vacuum tube computer that predicted the election of Eisenhower 4. To the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches 5. To integrated-circuit-based personal computers. 10

Technology causes change • Throughout the centuries -- new technologies have changed the way people work, live, play -- and learn • So, is there any reason to believe that this trend will not continue? Because technology continues to rapidly change how people work -- What should you do? 11

NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS Teachers need to demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts. Teachers [will]… Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology (as described in the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards) Demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies. 12

Overview Agenda 1. Hardware & Systems 2. Networking 3. Tools for Making the Connection 4. Operating Systems 5. Demonstrating Proficiency 13

Basic Computer Fundamentals Lesson 1 History Lesson 2 4 Components Lesson 3 Input Lesson 6 Output Lesson 5 Processor Lesson 4 Memory & Storage 14

Computer Hardware Systems Quick Quiz 15

Computer Hardware Systems Input Keyboard Mouse Scanner PDA Digital Probe Camera Portable Storage/Process Memory • Silicon Chip • Mechanical C. P. U. Output Monitor Printer Audio Video 16

Network Systems Network Hardware Hu bs Ro ute rs NIC Ca rds Ser ver s 17

Network Interface Card Desktop NIC RJ 45 - Today, one of the most popular types of connections used with computer networks. RJ 45 looks similar to a phone connector or RJ 11 connector but is slightly larger. Desktop Wireless NIC LED -The LEDs, as shown in the above illustration, indicates if it detects a network; generally by a green light which may flash as it communicates, and then a red light which indicates collisions which will generally flash or not flash at all. Notebook Wireless NIC 18

Hubs and Switches 10/100 Ethernet Hubs are only half duplex - each client can only send OR receive data at a particular time. This connection is often called a Local Area Network or LAN. To take full advantage of a 10/100 Ethernet card, get an Ethernet Switch. A switch can operate at full duplex allowing your computers to send and receive at the same time. Basically, an Ethernet switch can be considered a faster version of an Ethernet hub. 19

Network Router (row´ter): A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts. Internet Enterprise Routers Wireless Router www. linksys. com www. cisco. com 20

Network Servers A computer that provides services to other computers, or the software that runs on it • Application server, a server dedicated to running certain software applications • Communications server, carrier-grade computing platform for communications networks • Database server, provides database services • Fax server, provides fax services for clients • File server, provides file services • Game server, a server that video game clients connect to in order to play online together • Web server, a server that HTTP clients connect to in order to send commands and receive responses along with data contents. 21

Common Networks Hubs & LANs Room WANs Internet Campus Floor Enterprise Building The World Region 22

WMU’s WAN 23

Merit Network is a nonprofit corporation governed by Michigan's public universities. Based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Merit is America's longest running regional research and education network. 24

Internet URL Address Uniform Resource Locator www. yahoo. com = 206. 191. 158. 55 or 25

URL - Less Technical Example 26

A Simple Network What you see & what you don’t 27

Making the Connection Blogs Chat Video & Voice over IP Internet II Web Publishing E-mail Internet II or Web 2. 0 refers to a perceived or proposed second generation of internet mediated services, such as social networking sites, that emphasize online collaboration and sharing among users. 28

On the Horizon The following networked technologies may have a huge impact once they reach critical mass… RFID Open Source Software Intelligent Work Flow Grid Computing Source: Burton Group 29

Operating Systems “An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. At the foundation of all system software, the OS performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. It also may provide a graphical user interface for higher level functions. www. Wikipedia. org 30

I’m so confused § There are over 100 different operating systems – not including OS’s for hand-held PC’s § At least be aware of two key OS’s for desktop PC’s, notebook PC’s, and servers -- and their popular derivatives Microsoft § Windows (Vista, XP, 2000, 98, 95, 3. 1, MS-DOS) § Windows Server Unix § § § Macintosh OS X: Apple Linux: Open Source vendors and consortiums Solaris: Sun HP-UX: HP And others 31

PC vs. Mac § Although Linux use is rapidly growing in popularity -the two most talked about OS’s in K-12 are Microsoft’s Windows and Apple’s OS X § “Which to choose” is a highly controversial topic I chose a PC over a Mac Maybe it no longer matters You will need to be very familiar with one of these OS’s (if not with both) 32

Objectives – NETS Benchmark 2 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of common input and output devices; solve routine hardware and software problems; and… make informed choices about technology systems, resources, and services. 33

What to do when things go wrong § Some basic things you should know how to do -- before requesting help from Tech Support: 1. Can you update your system 2. Do you know how to check your connections 3. When to reboot --- OS’s sometimes get confused 4. Know the basics of your OS 5. Backup up your data (before things go wrong) 34

NETS Standards 1 § To make informed choices about technology systems, resources, and services – first ask yourself… Will it promote learning? How difficult is it to use? What is the total cost of ownership (TCO), including multi-year support and fees? 35

Buying Cooperatives and Professional Conferences Get advice and special pricing from: § § § REMCs State of Michigan MICTA MACUL NECC But don’t forget about working through your district’s normal channels 36

It’s not just about hardware, anymore Operating Systems Hardware Application Software Computer System LANs & WANs Internet 37

Collaboration Tools Parent Space My Child’s Assignments My Calendar (Child’s Overlay) My Child’s Attendance Student Space My Homework My Calendar My Resources My Files Administration Space My Reports My Calendar My School Events Teachers Toolkit/ Workspace My Buddy List My Calendar My Seating Charts 38

NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS And remember… Teachers need to demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts. Teachers [will]… Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology (as described in the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards) Demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies. 39

UNIX LINUX The End Le Fin Das Ende 端 Конец 40