University as the Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurs

University as the Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurs Dr Shailendra Vyakarnam Y. Myint

The growth of workplace jobs in the Knowledgebased sector in Greater Cambridge (000 s) and UK (m), 1971 -2001 Source: ABI, LFS, PACEC

Preconditions • 1950 s – City planning • University – liberal policy on ownership of Intellectual Property • Long tradition of research – continues • People both “Pushed and Pulled” to start ventures • Early days no support • Gradually – Trinity College Science Park, Banks, Technology transfer office, lawyers, arrival of venture capital, business angel groups

Principal Components that Caused and Shaped Cambridge Phenomenon after 1960 s Cambridge Interactive System University MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Sinclair Radionics 1960 CCL CAD Centre Sinclair Research Ltd Barclays Bank 1970 Cambridge Science Park Analysys Glaxo PA Technology Acorn Seiko Epson Research Lab Olivetti Research Laboratory (acquired by AT&T in 1999) Toshiba Cambridge Research Laboratory 1980 Judge Institute of Management Studies St. John Innovation Centre Cambridge Research and Innovation Ltd (CRIL) Scientific Generics The Technology Partnership TTP 1990 Unilever Cambridge Centre for Molecular Informatics Cambridge Network Nickerson Biotech Laboratory Eicon Research Ltd Institute of Biotechnolog y Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory Cantab Pharmaceuticals BP TTP Ventures Glaxo Institute of Applied Pharmacology Amadeus Capital Partners Institute of Manufacturing Entropic Research Laboratory (acquired by Microsoft in 1999) 2000 Draft version (Jan 2004) – not to be used or copied without permission Copyright – Y. M. Myint - y. myint@jims. cam. ac. uk, Dr. Shailendra Vyakarnam - s. vyakarnam@jims. cam. ac. uk

Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam Real. VNC Virtual Network Andy Hopper Level 5 Network Steve Pope Computing Andy Hopper Ubisense Andy Hopper Andy Ward Pete Steggles Splashpower VBN online IPV (Telemedia Hermann Hauser Andy Hopper Acquired by AT &T Systems) Virata(ATML) Adaptive Broadband Olivetti Research Lab Tensails Richard Green Acquired by GE Michael Pepper Don Arnone Andy Hopper Acquired by Olivetti Small Richard Green Authur Chance World Teraview Charles Lang Webtop Shape Data Peter Duffett-Smith CPS Enterprise Accelerator Cambridge Until 1985 Adam Twiss Bryan Amesbury Acquired by Broadcom Acquired by E* Trade CDT Richard Friend Plastic Logic Pilgrim Beart Active. RF Cambridge Network Antenova Pilgrim Beart 1991 -1995 ART Daniel Hall Saviso Group Information 1986 -1990 Cambridge Adam Twiss Semiconductor David Reeves Zeus Technology Prof Gehan Amaratunga Dr. Florin Udrea Analysys Dr. David Cleevely John Snyder Robin Saxby ARM Element 14 express University John Snyder Dr. Martin Porter Amadeus Capital Partners Hermann Hauser Stan Boland Dako. Cytomation Merged with Part of DAKO Cytomation Inc Diagnostics Hermann Hauser, Chris Keightley IQ Bio Acquired by Netchannel NTL Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Top Jack Lang Electronic Share Jack Lang Acorn Muscat Alex Van Someren Acquired by Western Multiplex Corp Acquired by American Microwave ANT Hermann CAD Hauser Library House n. Cipher Cambridge Broadband Alex Van Someren Niko Cambridge Interactive Systems John Snyder Smartlogik Acquired by Dialog Andy Hopper Peter Warton Andy Hopper Simon Elloit Terra. Prise Lily Chang James Hay Merged with Globespan Polight Technologies Collin Ager Garraint Davies Innovia Virtual Business Network 1996 -2000 Prof Stephen Elloitt Dr. Pavel Krecmer 2001 -2002 Dr. David Cleevely Dr. Simon Elloit Cambridge 3 G Dr. David Cleevely Hermann Hauser Sir. Alec Broers Dr. David Cleevely

Steve Barlow Robert Swann Phil O’ Donovan Aphamosaic James Collier Glenn Collinson Davies Pelikon Chris Fryer Chris Barnardo David Bending Roundpoint Sentec Roger Millar Graham Martin Colin Gray Will Eve ELMJET Acquired by Videojet Technologies Cambridge Signal Mass Process Ltd Spectrometry Until 1985 Xennia Technologies Dr. Collin Smithers Alan Hudd David Yip David Mc. Kay Nigel Playford Ionica Dennis Fielder Plextek Myriad Demerged from TTP Group TTPCom Tony. Millbourn ip. access 1991 -1995 1996 -2000 Vivid Stephen Eason Radiant Networks 2001 -2002 Acquired by Mettler-Toledo Acquired by Cadence Ali Pourtaheri Tality Acquired by Vetura Acquired by Power. Gen Automation Richard Archer John Cassells Ubinetics Yuno Ltd Ross Green, Mike Kellaway Partnership Barrie Griffiths Steve Mullock Kore Technology Adaptive Screening Flying Null Mike Crossfield Dr. Wavedriver Symbionics 1986 -1990 Quantum. BEAM Gordon Edge, Bob Pettigrew, Alan Green TTP Gordon Edge Tim Eiloart Gerald Avison Dr. Robin Smith-Saville Sphere Medical Dr. Elizabeth Hill Dr. Mark Tracy Diomed Tony Raven 1970 Dr. Stuart Hendry Dr. Gavin Troughton 3 D Molecular Sciences Dr. Gordon Edge PA CCL 1960 Graeme Minto. Domino David Paton Mike Stroey Transversal Mike Willis Pivotal David Paton Resources Mike Willis Steve Temple Dr. Xaar Gordon Edge, Bob Scientific Prelude Pettigrew Generics Dr. Robert Hook Tim Eiloart DCS Sensopad Technologies Andrew Dames Absolute Adrian Lucas Sensors Imerge Andrew Dames Cyan Technology Cambridge Physical Sciences INCA Digital Printers Bill Baxter Will Eve Paul Anson Mike Payne Acquired by Smartbead Technologies Andrew Dames Synaptics Polatis Mark Howard Holotag Richard Doyle Cambridge Silicon Radio Dr. Chris Acquired by Elumin founded by Dr. Hans Wagner Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam Caroline Garey TTP Ventures David Cornell Fen Technology Creativity Partnership Anne Miller Acumen Bioscience Richard Philpott TTP Lab. Tech John Cassells

Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam Acquired by Becker Underwood Prof William Bains Prof John Caldwell Chris Evans Merlin Ventures Chris Evans Cerebrus Chris Evans Iain Cubitt Amedis pharmaceutic al Toad Iain Cubitt Axis Genetcs Dr. Greg Winter Daivd Chiswell Chiro. Tech Rapigene Merged by Celltech Group Daniel Roach Alan Goodman Diversys Ribo. Targets Martin Davies Bio. Robotics CAT Chris Evans Celltech Chris Evans Enviros Enzymatix Chiroscience AGC 1984 Alan Goodman Chris Evans Alan Goodman (FD) Ce. Nes Alan Goodman CORE Alan LINDCO Goodman Alan Oxford Goodman Bimedica ATM MRC LMB Alan Munro Acquired by Prometic Biosciences Inc Dr. Chris Lowe J. Mc. Cann Cambridge Sensors Dr. Chris Lowe Cantab Dr. Chris Lowe Pharmaceuticals Dr. Ken Jones Affinity chromatography Smart Holograms Dr. Chris Lowe Dr. David Bailey Purely 1960 s Proteins Dr. Philip Dean De Novo Dr. David Bailey Cambridge Adpro. Tech University Prof. Peter Lachmann Biotica Technology Until 1985 Alan Goodman Prof. Peter Leadlay Prof. Jim Staunton Kudos Pharmaceuticals 1986 -1990 Avlar Merged with Xenova Group Ltd Simon Sturge Chris Evans Celsis Dr. Greg Winter Changed its name to Micro. Bio Group Pestex Mark Bodmer Hexagen Peptide Therapeutics Now Acambis Prof. Stephen Jackson Acquired by Incyte Alan Metris Lorantis. Mark Bodmer Bio. Ventures Goodman Therapeutics Daniel Roach 1991 -1995 Daniel Roach Prof. Stephen Smith Amura Paradigm Alan Goodman Salix Dr. Steve Charnock-Jones Alan Therapeutics pharmaceutical Goodman Dr. Mark Carlton Holometrica Astex Dr. Roger Millington Solexa Sense Technology Alan Dr. Shankar Abcam Proteomics Jonathan 1996 -2000 Goodman Balasubramanian Prof. Blundell Milner Chris Abell Dr. Jonathan Harren Jhoti Blackburn 2001 -2002 Akubio Dr. Matthew Cooper Paul Goldsmith Daniolabs Dr. David Klenerman Dr. Tony Minson

Acorn Cluster Norwich and Peterborough Building Society Barclays Bank Some individuals involved in Acorn 1978 Matthew Bullock University of Cambridge Hermann Hauser Jack Lang Orbis 1978 Walter Herriot Andy Hopper Acquired in 1985 Olivetti, acquired by AT&T in 1999 Mike Muller Sophie Wilson Sinclair Research St John’s Innovation Centre - Chris Curry Alex Van Someren Robin Saxby & Engineers from Acorn Virata (ATML)- 1993 Peter Wynn Amadeus Capital Partners Charles Cotton Anne Glover Element 14 - 1999 Stan Boland Electronic Share Information ANT 1990 Level 5 Network -2002 Source of Technology Movement of individuals from one organization to another Start-ups Steve Pope Derek Roberts David Riddoch ARM -1990 Tudor Brown Steve Furber Andy Ward Rupert Curwen, Paul Webster, Pete Steggles Real VNC 2002 Ubisense 2002 Andy Harter Tristan Richardson James Weatherall

Source Cambridge London Rosa & Scott % companies with at least one director with multiple appointments 97 94 40 % companies associated with over 10 other companies 90 77 20 % directors with 2 -5 directorships 42 42 41 % directors with >5 directorships 29 37 22 Average no. directors per company 5. 6 4. 3 1. 8 Average no. directorships per director 5. 5 6. 8 5. 6

Structural and relational social capital in the hi-tech cluster Richard Youell 4 links & above Robert Hook Sir Alec Broers 1 link Graham O'Keeffe Gordon Edge Andrew Dames Jack Lang Jamie Urquhart 3 links 2 links Hermann Hauser Bob Pettigrew Nigel Berry Richard King Phil O'Donovan Stephen Ives Laurence Garrett Duncan Stewart Gerald Avison Robin Saxby Mike Muller Charles Cotton Chris Wade Pilgrim Beart John Paul Auton David Cleevely Andy Hopper Dr. Peter J. Duffett-Smith Peter Wynn Richard Friend Michael Ledzion Robert Swann Ray Simon Anderson Segars Stephen Elliott Alex Van Someren

Structural and relational social capital in the bio-tech cluster David Bailey 3 links 2 links John Berriman Chris Abell Alan Munro Bob Pettigrew Alan Goodman 1 link Timothy Rink Derek Jones Mark Cathy Hermann Hauser Alan Smith Dr Chris Keightley Bill Matthews Mark Bodmer Chris Lowe John Padfield David Needham Philip Dean David Klenerman Andy Richards David Gough Chris Evans Daniel Ann Hayes Roach Peter Keen Stephen Bunting

Conclusions • Huge amount of social and human capital available • Willingness to give back and share • Entrepreneurs play multiple roles • Source of inspiration, information and implementation