United States Domestic Approaches to Transitioning to Alternatives

United States Domestic Approaches to Transitioning to Alternatives INDO-US Workshop on Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) February 18, 2011 Cindy Newberg, Chief Alternatives and Emissions Reduction Branch U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Scope of Presentation • Linkages between Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • US Domestic Regulations • US Voluntary Partnerships • Transition by Sectors 2

Overview: US Approach to Transition to Safer Alternatives • US Approach Blends Regulations and Voluntary Partnerships – Maximize Benefits • Recover, Recycle, Reuse • Evaluate Alternatives • Manage Disposal SNAP 3

Relationship between ODS and Other Greenhouse Gases Ozone Depleting Substances (Halogen Gases) HFCs Halons Methyl Chloride (CH 3 Cl) H-1301 H-1211 N 2 O HCFCs Methyl Bromide (CH 3 Br) Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4) Methyl Chloroform (CH 3 CCl 3) CO 2 HFC-23 HFC-134 a HFC-125 CH 4 SF 6 CFCs CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 PFCs

Refrigerant Management: Responsibly Using ODS & Substitutes Required Service Standards PRODUCTION & IMPORT Recovery and reuse limits demand for new refrigerants Leak Repair USE Technician Certification Safe Disposal EMISSIONS Health Effects EFFECTS Refrigerant recovery Reduced emissions resulting in less harm to ozone layer and climate system

Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning: Cradle to Grave Approach SNAP: New Refrigerants Low GWP refrigerant choice at manufacturing CAA: Operation & Servicing Improved service practices CAA: End-of-Life Ensure safe disposal

Identifying Safer Alternatives • USEPA evaluates & lists substitutes that reduce overall risk to human health & environment • Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program reviews: – – – ODP & GWP Flammability, toxicity Contributions to smog Aquatic and ecosystem effects Occupational health and safety • 400+ substitutes reviewed for end uses in 8 sectors: – Alternatives acceptable, unacceptable, or acceptable with use conditions 7

Expanding SNAP Menu US many ref/AC uses transitioned from ODS to HFCs; moving to lower GWPs • SNAP evaluating substitutes that compared to current options offer significantly loweror no-GWP choices (e. g. , GWP 4 v. 1, 430) • Examples: – Hydrocarbon (HC) for some commercial refrigerators, freezers, self-contained refrigeration equipment – Residential refrigerator/freezer with HC refrigerant and foam – Supermarket refrigeration using CO 2 refrigerant – Motor vehicle air conditioning 4

Green. Chill Partnership • USEPA partnership with food retailers to reduce refrigerant emissions and decrease industry’s impact on ozone layer and climate change • Achieves mission by providing supermarket industry with information and assistance to: – Transition to refrigerants with better environmental profiles – Lower refrigerant charge sizes and eliminate leaks – Adopt green refrigeration technologies, strategies, and practices. 9

Green. Chill’s Stakeholders 10

Green. Chill Partners Platinum-Level Certification Gold-Level Certification Silver-Level Certification Green. Chill Partner

Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program • USEPA’s voluntary program building on Safe Disposal regulations to capture ODS foam blowing agents in appliances • Partners ensure refrigerant-containing appliances disposal using multi-media approach and best environmental practices available • Partners include: – – – Utilities Retailers Manufacturers State & Local Governments Universities

U. S Refrigerators Manufactured Before 1995 -Proper recycling/destruction is key -Post-1995: HFC refrigerants and HFC & HC foams increasing 13

ODS Sectors Will Transition at Different Paces • Various factors influence speed of transition – Domestic and regional requirements • e. g. , European F-Gas rule – Availability of alternatives – Advanced design options that reduce charge size – Global expansion of air conditioning and refrigeration – Proven technologies, ability to avoid multiple transitions – Opportunity to focus on sectors instead of chemicals • Examples follow

Information on Alternatives 15

Available Options: Commercial Refrigeration Stand-Alone Equipment CFCs/HCFCs->HFCs-> HCs/CO 2 Condensing Unit Systems HCFCs->HFCs-> CO 2, ammonia, HCs Multiplex Rack Systems CFCs->HCFCs->Blends-> CO 2, ammonia, HCs, HFOs 16

Changing Chemicals Not Only Option Advanced refrigeration system designs: • Distributed systems & indirect systems available – Distributed systems can lower refrigerant charge by 30– 50% – Indirect systems can lower refrigerant charge by 50– 80% • Europe: indirect systems are norm • U. S. : distributed systems ~40% of new installations and indirect systems are gaining significant market share Supermarkets can reduce HFC use by changing system designs 17

For Additional Information • • Main Website: www. epa. gov/ozone/strathome. html SNAP: www. epa. gov/ozone/snap/index. html Partnerships: www. epa. gov/ozone/partnerships/index. html Contact info: • Cindy Newberg • Newberg. cindy@epa. gov • 01 -202 -343 -9729 18

Potential Near-Term Transition: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Passenger Cars & Light-Duty Trucks: CO 2 HFO HFC CFC HFO Buses/Trains: HFC CFC HCFC CO 2 1990 s: CFCs to HFC/HCFCs Near future: CO 2 , HFOs , or lower-GWP HFCs 20

Available & Near-Term Options: Unitary A/C Alternatives to R-407 C & R-410 A: - lower-GWP HFCs, e. g. , HFC-32 - HCs and CO 2 - potentially HFOs, blends HFCs HCFC HC CO 2 HCFCs transitioning to HFCs Near future: CO 2, HFOs, or lower-GWP HFCs 21

Achieving Green. Chill’s Mission • , and practices. 22

Current RAD Partners 1) Southern California Edison 2) PG&E, CA 3) Snohomish PUD, WA 4) Sacramento Municipal Utility District, CA 5) Fort Collins Utilities, CO 6) Pacifi. Corp 7) Nevada Power & Sierra Pacific Power, NV 8) San Diego Gas and Electric, CA 9) Austin Energy, TX 10) City of Palo Alto Utilities, CA 11) City of Richland Energy Services, MA 12) PNM, New Mexico 13) Burbank Water and Power, CA 14) Commonwealth Edison, IL 15) SRP, AZ 16) Sears Home Services 17) Nebraska Public Power District 18) Energy Trust of Oregon 19) Dayton Power and Light, OH 20) AEP (American Electric Power), OH 21) WPPI, WI 22) Georgia Power, GA 23) Baltimore Gas & Electric, MD 24) Great River Energy, MN 25) Consumers Energy, MI 26) Hoosier Energy REC, Inc. , IN 27) Arizona Public Services, AZ 28) West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection 29) Vectren Energy Delivery, IN 30) Best Buy 31) Appliance Smart 32) Silicon Valley Power 33) Idaho Power 34) Puget Sound Energy 35) Cape Light Compact 36) Avista Utilities 37) Lodi Electric Utilities 38) Indiana Michigan Power 39) General Electric (GE) 40) Northern Indiana Public Service 41) Riverside Public tilities