United Nations Organization and its peacekeeping missions

United Nations Organization and its peacekeeping missions

PLAN I. Introduction 1. 1. When did it begin? 1. 2. What does the UN do? II. The main part 2. 1. It’s function 2. 2. The UN Charter 2. 3. Organs of the UN III. Conclusion 3. 1. UN peacekeeping missions 3. 2. United Nations in Kazakhstan

UNITED NATIONS -- is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace

THE UNITED NATIONS Main Aims: Tolerance and friendship among all nation, racial or religious groups. Maintenance of peace

WHEN DID IT BEGIN? The United Nations is made up of 192 countries from around the world. It is often called the UN. It was set up in 1945, after the Second World War, as a way of bringing people together and to avoid further wars. It started with 51 countries. The United Kingdom is one of the original members. Germany did not join until 1973.

WHAT DOES THE UN DO? The UN aims to ensure that people don’t suffer from hunger and homelessness. It has a special section called Unicef that tries to help children. The UN has a convention on children's rights. They would like it to be followed by all countries, as a set of rules about the treatment of children.

THE UN CHARTER In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the UN Conference on International Organization to draw up the UN Charter The UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945 United Nations Day is now celebrated on this day.

WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION? Promote international cooperation Maintain peace and security throughout the world Develop friendly relations amongst nations Cooperate in solving international problems Promote respect for human rights

ORGANS OF THE UN General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council The Secretariat The International Court of Justice

“Parliament of Nations” Each member has one vote Decision on key issues such as international peace and security and admitting new members are decided by twothirds majority All other votes are decided by simple majority Holds annual sessions from September to December If necessary emergency sessions can be called such as during September 11 th Has six main committees who carry out various tasks when the Assembly is not meeting GENERAL ASSEMBLY

SECURITY COUNCIL Fifteen Council members— five that are permanent China France Russian Federation United Kingdom United States Other Council members are elected by the General Assembly for two year terms

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations Plays key role in fostering international cooperation for development Has 54 members, elected by General Assembly for three-year terms

TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL Was established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories administered by the member states Ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government or independence

THE SECRETARIAT Carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, Security Council, and the other organs. At its head is the Secretary. General, who provides overall administrative guidance Duty stations include the UN headquarters in New York, as well as Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi, and other locations.

THE HAGUE Known as the International Court of Justice, or the World Court Is the main justice organ of the UN Participation by states in a proceeding is voluntary, but if a state agrees to participate, it is obligated to comply with the Court’s decision

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish

WHAT IS PEACEKEEPING? United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. A peacekeeping operation consists of military, police and civilian personnel, who work to deliver security, political and early peacebuilding support. A peacekeeping operation is led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), and works to create the conditions for lasting peace in a country torn by conflict.

Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates. UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace.

UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties; Impartiality; Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. Peacekeeping is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many configurations. There are currently 16 UN peace operations deployed on four continents. Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law. Success is never guaranteed, because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, we have built up a demonstrable record of success over our 60 years of existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

CURRENT PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS There are currently 16 UN peace operations deployed on four continents. These include 15 peacekeeping operations, and one special political mission in Afghanistan. These are all led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). Africa United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) African Union-UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) Americas UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) Asia and the Pacific UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) * Europe UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Middle East UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) * Please note UNAMA is a special political mission, directed by DPKO. Related documents Peacekeeping operations timeline Related links Latest peackeeping Fact Sheet Peacekeeping Fact Sheet archive Deployment maps

UNITED NATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN The Republic of Kazakhstan became a member of the United Nations on 2 March 1992 (GA resolution 46/224). The United Nations system started its country-based operations in Kazakhstan in early 1993 after the conclusion of an agreement between President Nazarbayev and then Secretary-General of the United Nations Boutros-Ghali on 5 October 1992. Over the past 19 years, the UN Agencies have provided significant support to Kazakhstan. They supported the drafting of a wide number of strategies, programmes and legislation dealing with macro-economic reform, social issues, improvement of health and environmental management. The most prominent of them is the long-term development strategy Kazakhstan 2030. The UN Agencies also carried out pilots and projects at local level. Working within the United Nations System every agency has its own area of expertise, focus and mandate. The heads of these agencies form the UN Country Team (UNCT) led by the Resident Coordinator. The UNCT, drawing on the collective strengths of all agencies, funds and programmes, aims to make a strategic contribution to the achievement of national development priorities.

USED MATERIALS United Nations Rule of Law, the United Nations' centralized website on the rule of law. Documents and Resources on UN, War Crimes and Genocide Eye on the UN–A Project of the Hudson Institute New York and the Touro Law Center Institute for Human Rights United Nations Lib. Guide resources from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Library United Nations Rule of Law, the United Nations' centralized website on the rule of law. Documents and Resources on UN, War Crimes and Genocide Eye on the UN–A Project of the Hudson Institute New York and the Touro Law Center Institute for Human Rights