United Nations Disaster Relief Operations and Stand-by Arrangements

United Nations Disaster Relief Operations and Stand-by Arrangements Fernando Hesse OCHA Jakarta

The Asia-Pacific context • Since 2000, 73% of fatalities from natural disasters occurred in Asia and the Pacific - >99% of all wave / surge deaths (inc. 2004 tsunami) 97% of all deaths from earthquakes 64% of all deaths from flooding 57% of all deaths from wind storms • The 2004 tsunami accounted for 37% of all recorded fatalities from natural disasters since 2000 • While the actual number of disasters is steadily increasing, they are also affecting more people - 90 million people affected in 1990 255 million people affected in 2003 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Earthquakes and tropical storms UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Tsunami - US Military Personnel 19, 500 CHINA Ships Logistics Air Assets 3 C-17 (USTRANSCOM) 2 C-5 (USTRANSCOM) 2 KC-130 2 P-3 4 C-2 13 fixed- wing (+52 TACAIR ALSG) 36 Helos Ships 6 USN 3 MPS 3 USNS Logistics 1 Survey Ship 1 HSV SAN JOSE (T-AFS) TIPPECANOE (T-AO) NOTE: USNS RAi. NIER w/ALCSG Kadena 2 KC-135 on alert INDIA Futenma 2 KC-130 2 P-3, 1 C-21 CSF-536 WESTPAC EXPRESS (HSV) THAILAND Utapao PLESS (MPS) PHILIPPINES 2 HH-60 ESSEX (LHD) 4 MH-53, 4 MH-60, 2 LCU LANKA 5 CH-46 SRI Colombo Phuket Langkawi TIPPECANOE (T-AO) MALDIVES CONCORD (T-AFS) 2 MH-60 A LINCOLN CSG-I Medan Singapore SWIFT (HSV) FORT MCHENRY (LSD) 3 CH-46 3 LCAC LUMMUS (MPS) BONNYMAN (MPS) 4 INDONESIA X C-2 Jakarta MCDONNELL (T-AGS) Diego Garcia ON STATION SAN JOSE (T-AFS) 2 MH-60 ALCSG LINCOLN (CVN) (10 x SH-60) SHILOH (CG) (2 X SH-60) SHOUP (DDG) (2 X SH-60) BENFOLD (DDG) RAINIER (T-AOE) (2 x MH-60) CSG AIRFIELDS Maritime Prepo Ships PLESS, LUMMUS, BONNYMAN IN BOUND OUT BOUND MERCY (T-AH)

INDIA Tsunami - Non-US Military C-130 x 1 Ships x 7 Helos x 3 Fixed Wing x 2 Ships x 1 Helos x 1 Eng Team Med Team SRI LANKA C-130 x 1 Water System DART Team ROWPU x 4 Med Team Eng Team Ships x 3 LST/AOE/DD CH-47 x 3 UH-60 x 2 SH-60 x 2 Med Team Helos x 1 Helos x 4 1 x DVI Team Fixed wing x 1 MP Team Field Hosp Eng Team x 2 ALT x 2 Khao Lak HH-60 x 2 Field Hospital Colombo Ship x 1 Helo x 1 U-tapao Forensic Team C-130 x 2 Ships x 2 Helos x 3 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 1 Ships x 2 211 pax Field Hospital Eng Team Aceh Field Hospital C-160 x 2 Helos x 5 Medan Meulaboh Hospital Ship Helos x 2 K. L. LPA – CJTF 629 Helos x 2 Ship x 1 C-130 x 2 Helos x 2 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 1 LST to SL ETD: 29 Jan LST: RTHP Helos x 1 Male C-130 x 2 Ships x 2 Eng Team Ships X 2 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 2 C-130 x 5 CH-47 x 3 Med Team Ships x 1 Helos x 1 LST x 2 AUS BRN DEU IND MYS PAK AUT CAN FRA JPN NOR BGD CHE GBR KOR NZL PRC SGP C-130 x 6 B-707 x 1 UH-1 x 4 INDONESIA RNZAF B-757 in region 2 x C-130 Darwin

OCHA’s role • In 1991, GA adopted Resolution 46/182 to strengthen the UN response to complex emergencies and natural disasters under DHA in UN Secretariat • The USG heading OCHA is also designated the UN ERC • OCHA’s Core Functions are: - Advocacy of humanitarian issues - Coordination of humanitarian emergency response - Policy development, to ensure that all humanitarian issues are addressed • For in-country emergency preparedness and response coordination, OCHA works through the office of the UN RC / HC and with the IASC CT • Engagement with other key actors at HQ, regional, national and field level UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

OCHA tools and services q. OCHA supports the UN system and broader humanitarian community: q UNDAC, INSARAG, OSOCC q Flash Appeals, Consolidated Appeals (CAPs), financial tracking system (FTS) q The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) q Supporting Humanitarian Coordinators (HCs) q Cluster/sector coordination q Information Management (IM) q Information services –Relief. Web, IRIN q Public Information/Advocacy q Civil-military coordination q Early warning q Contingency planning UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Levels of coordination International level National level Local Emergency Management Level

OCHA’s Global Coordination Model Disaster affected country International response • National disaster relief coord. • Donor governments • Embassies • Inter Governmental org. • UN agencies’ reps. • National Red Cross/Crescent ASSISTANCE • UN agencies • Red Cross/Crescent family. • National NGO’s • International NGO’s • Others (including private) Representative of OCHA (Res. Reps/UNDAC) Information on needs & national response Information on needs/international response OCHA (IASC)

OCHA presence in 2009 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Humanitarian Reform SECTORS FINANCING LEADERSHIP STRENGTHENING HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PARTNERSHIPS UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Strengthening Partnerships • UN and non-UN agencies - Improvement through cluster approach and CERF grant request process - Three global clusters co-led by non-UN agencies (IFRC, IOM and Save the Children) • Partnerships with national authorities - Clusters help to clarify and strengthen • The Global Humanitarian Platform UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Includes: • UN agencies • Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement • IOM • World Bank • NGO Consortia UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Ensuring Capacity & Predictability: The Cluster Approach Sector or Area of Activity Global Cluster Lead Agriculture FAO Camp Coordination/Management: IDPs (from conflict) Disaster situations UNHCR IOM Early Recovery UNDP Education UNICEF Save The Children - United Kingdom Emergency Shelter: IDPs (from conflict) Disaster situations UNHCR IFRC (Convener) Emergency Telecommunications OCHA/UNICEF/WFP Health WHO Logistics WFP Nutrition UNICEF Protection: IDPs (from conflict) Disasters/civilians affected by conflict (other than IDPs) UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF Water, Sanitation and Hygiene UNICEF UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Strengthening Leadership: Humanitarian Coordinators • Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian emergencies • HC strengthening project • HC pool of qualified leaders • Appropriate training and support system for existing and future HCs • Agreed system for designation of HCs • Review of HC terms of reference in 2008 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Predictable Humanitarian Financing • Humanitarian Pooled Funds (HC managed): CHFs Country level CERF Global • Target: $500 m (both loan and grant elements) • 2008 size (so far): $480 m UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) ERFs Country level (11 active funds) • Sizes of funds has varied from $500, 000 to $17 m (Sudan and DRC; replication in CAR and Ethiopia likely) • Size of funds in 2007 varied from $118 m $154 m Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

Disaster Response Coordination National Military Forces (National Command Channel) Local Emergency Management Agency (LEMA) - Assisting International Forces Clusters International Responders Civil Military Operations Centre (CMOC) On Site Operations and Coordination Centre (OSOCC) UN Agencies, Funds & Programmes Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

UN Stand-by Arrangements Physical Arrangements Managed by OCHA’s Field Coordination Support Section: • UNDAC system, with regional teams in Africa/Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific • OCHA Standby Partnerships which provide humanitarian experts for short term assignments in OCHA field offices. Registered Engineers for Disaster Relief (Red. R) Australia and Austcare Australia in the Asia Pacific Region • INSARAG, with regional groupings in Africa/Europe, the Americas and Asia-Pacific. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

UN Stand-by Arrangements • IHP system: provides technical support modules for humanitarian missions. An Asia-Pacific Humanitarian Partnership (APHP) involving Australia, China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand Singapore was developed in 2005 to provide similar support in this region • Virtual On Site Operations Coordination Centre (V-OSOCC) : real -time information exchange for emergency managers and provides the platform for GDACS • OCHA works closely with UN Agencies, IFRC, regional organizations and other humanitarian response partners, including the NGOs Map. Action and Telecoms sans Frontières • DHL Disaster Response Team (DRT) Singapore – establish a global network of DRT to provide logistical support to response operations UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

UN Stand-by Arrangements Procedural/Framework Arrangements Space and Major Disasters Charter – aims to provide a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to those affected by natural or man-made disasters through authorized users OCHA supports the development of the ARF HADR Strategic Guidelines as specifically requested to by the ASEAN Ministers in their statement following the 36 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Kuala Lumpur in July 2006 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

UN Stand-by Arrangements Procedural/Framework Arrangements cont’d: OCHA has also supported the development of the ASEAN SASOPs and of similar ongoing initiatives within South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) OCHA has worked closely with the Multinational Planning and Augmentation Team (MPAT) and supports the MPAT SOP process OCHA will continue to support national and multilateral efforts to strengthen the physical and procedural disaster management and response framework within the Asia Pacific Region UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)

QUESTIONS? UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for Asia Pacific (ROAP)