f2ead8ff33e657f0f09f7acc315a11f3.ppt
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Unit Six Documenting and Filing Lesson 1 Handling Messages Lesson 2 Letter, Fax and E-mail Lesson 3 Writing a Report Lesson 4 Contract and Agreement
Lesson One Handling Messages u Memos u Notice u Invitation Home
Home Memos Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions)
Memos Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Memo一词为“Memorandum”的缩写形式,意为“备忘录”,有时也被称为“ 便函”。便函是公司内部信息沟通的主要形式。其特点是简明、高效,常用来提 醒某人某件事或引起某人对某事的关注。 便函,顾名思义,其格式与正式的商务信函比起来就随便一些,通常包括: 致(To),自(From),事由(Subject),日期(Date)和内容要点( Message)。正是由于这种简单、易懂的格式,便函内容才显得一目了然,条理 清晰,从而快速、直接地向其目标读者传达信息。 便函的语言应较为通俗,以便达到简明、易懂、切题的目的。在便函中应尽量 使用规范的商务用语,使便函显得更具商务特色,还要保持句子和段落尽量简 短,避免提供不必要的信息。 便函的内容多种多样,包括传递信息、公布政策、指导员 、提出要求和提 供建议等。 便函的结构格式(Structure and Style)主要有以下两种:
Home Memos 1 MEMO To: (致) From: (自) Subject: (事由) Date: (日期) Message (内容要点)
Home Memos 2 MEMO To: From: Subject: Date: Message
Home Memos Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Sample 1 MEMORANDUM To: Department Managers Subject: In-service Computer Classes From: Training manager Date: 24 November, 2005 1.From Monday 10 December computer classes will be held in the training center. There will be 2 groups: advanced level (10: 30 -12: 00) and intermediate level (8: 30 -10: 00). 2.Please encourage your staff to attend one of the sessions. All teaching materials will be provided but students will be expected to do homework and preparation outside working hours. 3.Please send me the names of all interested staff by noon on Friday 28 November. 4.The size of each class will be limited to 16 participants. 注 释 译 文
Memos Home 1.以上范例是某公司培训部经理致各部门负责人的便函。受函人、致函人、 事由和日期都标了出来,令人一目了然。 2.此便函内容分为四段,每段前面都编码排序。这样做可以使内容条理清晰, 要点突出,便于受函人迅速准确地接受并理解信息。第一段简要介绍了拟开办 计算机培训班的大致情况,包括培训的时间、地点、两组不同程度的培训等。 第二段对培训班做了进一步说明。第三段要求受函人反馈信息并规定了具体截 止时间。第四段说明了培训班的人数限制。此便函条理清晰,语言简洁易懂, 充分体现了便函的特点。
Memos Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) 1.I want you to pass me all the information you have about… 我想让你交给我有关……的所有资料。 2.I should like to know exactly what action has been taken. 我想确切地知道 采取了什么样的行动。 3.I should like you to give me a record of… 我想请你给我……的记录。 4.Please find out what is going on. 请查明发生了什么事情。 5.I am informed (told) that… 我获知…… Home
Memos Home 6.Could you please ensure that… 你能够确保……吗? 7.I’m writing to remind you that… 我写信提醒你…… 8.I have offered a discount of… 我给出了……的折扣。 9.I have sent a check for the outstanding sum to… 我给……寄了一张支票, 偿付未清款项。 10.We should take this into consideration. 我们应该考虑这件事。
Home Notice Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions)
Notice Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 通知(Notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署 作、传 达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。有时候通知也可以由公司用来向外部发布 信息。尤其是当公司想告知公众有关其产品、服务或重大事件时,常常会使用通 知这种高效、经济和便捷方式。 通知的内容很丰富。包括开业仪式、政策改革、庆祝活动、人事变动以及 最新举措等。这些都可以用通知的方式告知各界。 通知的对象可以是公司内部员 、一般公众或主要客户等。 通知的写法有两种:一种是以布告形式贴出,把事情通知有关人员,如学 生、观众等,通常不用称呼;另一种是以书信的形式,发给有关人员,这种通知 写作形式同普通书信,只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞 得当、时间及时。其格式如下:
Notice Home 例1 布告形式的通知 通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE(通知),发出通知的单位的 具体名称可放在正文前,也可放在正文后,右下角处,发出通知的日期写在 左下角处。 NOTICE All professors and associate professors are requested to meet in the college conference room on Saturday, August 18, at 2: 00 p. m. to discuss international academic exchanges. April. 26, 2005 译 文
Notice Home 例2 书信形式的通知 Dear Examinee: As you know, due to unfortunate circumstances, ETS was forced to cancel the scores of the October 1992 TOEFL administration in the People's Republic of China. At that time, you were notified that you would be able to take another TOEFL without charge up through the October 1993 administration. You should be aware that the TOEFL program has a long standing policy of not refunding test fees when administrations are cancelled. We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you. Russell Webster Executive Director TOEFL Program Educational Testing Service 译 文
Notice Home Ⅱ.范例(Samples ) Sample 1 LECTURE By Professor Larry Machoski From University of North Carolina, Chaplehill On Multinational and Globalization At Room 806, Johnson Hall 2: 30 p. m. , Friday, August 21, 2004 1.这是一个典型的在单位内部张贴的通知。写明了事件、人物、时间和地点。 2.Lecture一词写在首行中心的醒目位置,突出了信息的重点。 3.以意群为单位分成若干行,便于读者理解。 4.语言简练。 注 释 译 文
Notice Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) 1.We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you. 我们对因此带给带来您的不便,深表歉意。 2.be requested to…被要求做某事 3.owing to…, we decided to open a branch in…:由于……,我们决定在 ……开设分公司。 4.We take this opportunity to express our thanks for … and hope that…. 借此机会,我们对你们的……表示感谢并希望……。 Home
Notice Home 5.… Trading Co. , Ltd is pleased to announce its establishment. We shall be in operation from…. ……贸易公司很高兴宣布成立。我们将从……起开始营业。 6.To mark this special occasion, customers will be offered with a special opening discount. 为庆祝这个特殊的日子,所有顾客将享受开业打折优惠。 7.We are pleased/happy to inform you/let you know that… or we have the honor to let you know that… 我们很高兴地(或者很荣幸地)告诉大家…… 8.A welcoming ceremony will be held in… 欢迎仪式将于……举行。
Home Invitation Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) Ⅳ.练习(Exercises)
Invitation Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 书面邀请在国际交往、商务活动和社交等活动中使用较为频繁。比如在筹 办大型招待会、宴请聚会、周年活动、舞会、茶话会、酒会等活动时,就需 要向嘉宾事先发出邀请,并根据回复来决定活动规模和相应的准备 作。 邀请可以分为两类:请贴(invitation card)和邀请函 (invitation letter). 邀请通常采用发请贴的形式。请贴又称请柬,但不是信函,包括以下主要 内容: ● 邀请的原因 ● 嘉宾的姓名 ● 活动的具体时间、地点等。
Invitation Home 正式邀请的格式和注意事项如下: 正式邀请的请贴有严谨的格式和固定的写法,需要认真掌握。正式请贴一 般采用第三人称来写,不使用I,we,you等代词,并且无须签名,其格式也与 普通信函不同。正式邀请信函一般使用质地较好的硬纸,有时也用卡片,以纸 或卡片的纵中轴线为中心安排请柬内容,每行文字长短不一。书写时注意以下 事项: 1.请柬一般是打印的,但也可以部分打印和手写(通常是姓名)相结合。 2.一般情况下正式请贴上应写上邀请人、被邀请人的姓名全名,不用缩写。 写明邀请活动的类型(如招待会、酒会、开幕式、庆典活动或婚礼等)具体时 间、地点、联系电话、服饰要求等等。
Invitation Home 3.正式请贴还要包括 “RSVP”。RSVP是法语Repondez s’il vous plait的 缩写,意为“请赐回音”,表示邀请人期待被邀请人能尽快给予回复。在 “RSVP”下面留有电话号码和联系人姓名,可以直接打电话回复。如果请贴上 写有“REGRETS ONLY”的字样,则表示如不能出席,请赐复为盼。 4.正式请贴书写以中线为准,每行字数不一,常按意群分行,错落有致, 美观醒目。有时根据意思,一个介词也可以独占一行。行与行之间无需标点符 号。总之,全部内容要居中,以左右均匀对称的形式排列。 5.正式请贴一般应在十天或两周前发出,活动越正式越需要早些发请贴。
Home Invitation 例1 Invitation to a dinner(邀请参加家庭晚宴) Mr. and Mrs. Richard Frazer request the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Jones at dinner a t 6: 45 p. m. on Monday, 10 th June at 100 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts R. S. V. P. Tel. 01858 509 Informal dress 译 文
Invitation Home 非正式邀请的格式 非正式邀请通过打电话发出,但有些人喜欢以书面形式发出邀请,如写 邀请信、邀请条或普通邀请卡。有的为手写,有的为打字。文字特点为简练、 热情。这种信函形式不拘,依据书写者与收信人亲昵程度而定。非正式的请 柬较具私人性与亲密性,经常有信头、称呼、收信人地址及签名,通常可用 纯白或印有姓与名的第一个字母的信笺,惯例上,写信人地址书写在信笺的 左下角,写信者可用第一人称,以“I”提及自己,以“you”称呼收信人。
Home Invitation 例2 Invitation to a celebration(邀请参加典礼) Dear sir/madam, On next Monday, March 12, we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of Mr. Jerry Eldridge, President of [company]. You are cordially invited to attend the celebration at Bai Yun Hotel, 80 Huan Shi Road, on March 12 from 7: 00 p. m. to 10: 00 p. m. Mr. Jerry Eldridge has been the President of [company] since 1986. During this period, [company] expanded its business from Guangzhou to south of China. Now it's our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy retirement. Please join us to say Good-bye to Mr. Jerry Eldridge. See you next Monday. Yours sincerely, 译 文
Home Invitation Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Sample 1 : Invitation to product presentation(邀请参加产品介绍会) May 5, 2005 Dear sir/madam, We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new DX 700 s audio-visual system. The presentation will take place at the Wilson Exhibition Center, 300 King Street, Green Land, at 2: 00 p. m. on Tuesday, May 15. There will also be a reception at 4: 00 p. m. We hope that you and your colleagues will be able to attend. Mark Tech Inc. is a leading producer of high-quality audio-visual equipment. As you well know, recent technological advances have made audio-visual systems increasingly affordable to the public. Our new models offer superb quality and sophistication with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers. We look forward to seeing you on Tuesday. Just call our office at 123 -4567 and we will be glad to secure a place for you. Sincerely yours, Kathleen Curtis Marketing Department Mark Tech Inc. 143 Wedgemere Avenue Los Angeles, California 注 释 译 文
Invitation Home 1.这是一份非正式的邀请函。其书写格式近似普通商务书信。 2.信中第一段开门见山,直截了当地向对方提出了邀请,并写明了具体的 活动名称、时间、地点以及相关安排等。这正是初学者应注意的地方,即: 邀请函应把主要信息(primary information)安排在第一段最引人注意的位 置,让读信人对信件的主要内容和目的一目了然。 3.第二段在介绍展示会的同时,又不失时机地推销了本公司及其产品,提 升了其公司形象。语言自然得体,笔墨不多,恰到好处,没有牵强附会之感。 把商业信函的功能发挥得淋漓尽致。 4.一段再一次表达了诚挚邀请,并告知对方电话联系。 5.从整体上看,该邀请函条理清晰、重点突出,凸现了商业信函基本写作 原则,即 :“conciseness, concreteness, clarity and courtesy”(简洁、 具体、清楚和礼貌),是一个较好的写作范例。
Invitation Home Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) 1.Mr. and Mrs. … request the honor of your presence at the marriage of their daughter… to…on…at… 兹订于……月……日星期……上/下午……时在……为小女……与……举行结 婚典礼,恭请光临。 2.Mr. and Mrs. …request the pleasure of Mr. and Mrs. …’s company at dinner/a cocktail party/a buffet dinner/banquet/luncheon/a tea party/a ball dance at…on…at…. 谨订于……月……日星期……上/下午……时在……举行晚宴/鸡尾酒会/冷餐 会/酒宴/午宴/茶会/舞会,敬请光临。
Invitation 3.Cordially invites the pleasure of…to the New Year’s Eve Party/the annual meeting /a reception/the inauguration of the Shanghai Hotel/the 10 th anniversary of …on…at… 兹订于……月……日星期……时在……举行除夕晚会/年会/招待会/上海大饭 店开业典礼/…… 10周年庆典。恭请……光临。 4.Would you please have dinner with us at…on…at…? 请你们在……月……日星期……时在……与我们共进晚餐。 Would you please do me a favor by joining a party? 敬请参加我们的聚会。 Home
Invitation Home 5.We would be very glad /pleased/delighted if you could come. 如果你能参加,我们将十分高兴。 6.We sincerely hope you can attend. 我们期待您的光临。 7.Please let me know as soon as possible if you can come. 如果能来, 请早日告知。 Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience. 是否参 加,请早日告知。 8.Just call our office at 123 -4567 and we will be glad to secure a place for you. 只要打我们办公室的电话 123 -4567,我们会很乐意为您保留 位子。
Invitation Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) 1.把下列英文句子翻译成汉语 1)Full details on the Fair will be sent in a week. 关于交易会的详情我们将于一周内寄给你。 2)We look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to come. 希望不久能收到你的来信,并能来参加。 3)On next Monday, March 12, we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of Mr. John, the president of our company. 3月12日下星期一晚,我们将为总经理约翰先生荣退举办典礼。 Home
Invitation Home 4)Now it’s our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy retirement. 我们借此机会感谢他多年来的领导并希望他荣退愉快。 5)Mark Tech Inc. is a leading producer of high-quality audiovisual equipment. 马克技术公司是高品质音像设备的主要生产商。
Invitation Home 2.把下列汉语句子翻译成英文 1)由于业务不断扩展,本公司决定在中国开设分公司。 Owing to the expansion of our business, we have decided to open a branch in China. 2)我们很高兴地告诉大家我们已经决定将公司迁至新的办公地。 We are pleased to let you know that we have decided to move our office to a new location. 3)我们很高兴地通知您Mr. Bowel从5月8日起担任我公司新的首席执行官。 We are pleased to inform you that, effective May 8 th, Mr. Bowel will be our new CEO.
Invitation 3.选择题 B 1)Please encourage your staff ______ part in the computer training. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took D 2)You are expected ______ the meeting at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. A. to B. to attending C. to attend in D. to attend A 3)The time of your speech should be limited ______ 15 minutes. A. to B. with C. for D. on B 4)We will provide you ______ enough food. A. for B. with C. to D. / Home
Home Invitation C 5)He has got used ______ by air. A. to travel B. in traveling C. to traveling D. into travel B 6)The product display will ______ at the Exhibition Center. A. hold B. be held C. be taken place D. be holding D 7)Their new features give them distinct advantages ______ similar products from other manufacturers. A. on B. upon C. than D. over D 8)Please ______ your participation ______ your earliest convenience. A. conform…to B. confirm…to B. C. take…at D. confirm…at
Invitation 4.情景写作 1)假如你是上海国际贸易咨询公司的办公室秘书。由于该公司刚刚成立, 需要告知商界各家公司,以更好地开展公司业务,需要你起草一份书信式的 开业通知,内容包括: (1)很高兴地告诉大家公司成立了。 (2)公司的宗旨是提供在进出口业务方面的咨询服务,为贵公司寻求国外 合作伙伴,愿做贵公司与国外公司之间关系的桥梁。 (3)欢迎大家咨询有关贸易发展和商务合作方面的问题。 for reference Home
Invitation 2)根据以下信息书写一份正式请柬。 温切斯特合作银行(The Winchester Co-operative Bank)敬邀光临于新 址举行的开业典礼。 时间:星期六上午8点整,6月6日 服饰要求:正式着装 需要回复,电话: 0882 978 for reference Home
Lesson Two Letter, Fax and E-mail u Letters u Fax u E-Mail Home
Home Letters Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions)
Letters Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 英文商务信函是一种常见的商业联系媒介,一般通过电脑或打字机书写 完成。商务信函实质上是一种“推销函”,写信人通过商务信函的形式推销自 己的产品、服务、专利或者某种观念。好的商务信函可以为公司赢得新业务, 能促进和发展同客户的关系,并消除彼此之间的误会,使双方达成共识,愉 快合作。相反,商务信函写不好,就可能引发新矛盾,失去与客户合作的机 会。 要想写好商务信函,不仅要具备相关业务知识,掌握法规和条款,还应 该具备较扎实的语言功底,熟悉信函的书写格式和行文要求。
Letters Home 商务信函的写作特点 写作商务信函并不要求使用华丽优美的词句,而需要用简单朴实的语言, 准确地表达自己的意思,让对方非常清楚地了解你想说什么。在商务活动中, 时间就是金钱,效率就是生命。简洁的表达与有效率地掌握分寸是最重要的。 由于信函都是有目的性的,所以信函里所采用的语气语调也应该符合写 信人的目的。在写作之前不妨仔细考虑一下,写这封信函是想达到一个什么 样的目的,希望对收信人产生一种怎样的影响?是歉意的,劝说性的,还是 坚决的,要求性的。这完全可以通过信函中的语气语调来表现。
Letters Home 好的信函应该遵守以下8个“C”的写作原则: (1)礼貌(Courtesy):信函的书写语气和态度要体现诚恳和礼貌,对待 不同的客户,语言上不应有亲疏之分,体现平等待人的态度。特别要注意, 当双方观点不能统一时,首先要理解并尊重对方的观点。如果对方的建议不 合理或者对你的指责不公平时,应表现出高姿态,可以据理力争,说明自己 的观点,但注意要讲究礼节礼貌,避免用冒犯性的语言。 (2)明晰(Clarity):信函的主题要突出,层次分明,语言浅显易懂,让 对方对信件内容一目了然。
Letters Home (3)简洁(Conciseness):信函语言应精练、言简意赅,避免拖泥带水。 尽量使用“小词”、短句,因为短句更容易理解。一个单词可以表达就不要用 词组。 (4)正确(Correctness):信函的语言使用,如单词拼写、句子结构、语 法和惯用语法等,都应正确无误。“正确”还指不会引起误会的书写方式。例 如,当涉及数据或者具体的信息时,如时间、地点、价格、货号等,尽可能 做到精确。这样会使交流的内容更加清楚,更有助于加快事务的进程。 (5)具体(Concreteness):信函的书写要注意用词确切,恰到好处,各 条款或观点要明确,不抽象,不笼统。
Letters Home (6)体谅(Considerateness):信函书写要考虑周到,尽量设身处地地 为读信人着想,在对方可能接受的条件上,寻求最恰当的表达方式。 (7)诚意(Conscientiousness):信函书写时要有诚意,对有关问题要 实事求是,以负责的态度,坦诚相告,决不能欺骗对方,因为这样做只会影 响公司形象。 (8)完整(Completeness):信函书写时应该思路清晰,条理分明,内容 完整。要给出所有必要的信息,把内容表达完整。
Letters Home 商务信函的构成要素: 信头(letterhead):信头又称信端,指印刷在公司信纸上的文字,包括 发信人的姓名、地址、电话号码、网址、电子邮件地址等内容。其目的在于使 收信人一看就知道发自何方、何处、何时,复信时也便于参考。信头的位置一 般在信纸的上方正中,有的在左上角。通常采取印刷方式或打印方式。 如: EASTERN TEXTILES IMP. & EXP. CO. , LTD. 12389 Changchun Road, Dalian, China Tel: 0411 -86606811 Fax: 0411 -86507392 Http: //will. nease. net Email: bcxbcx@411 cn. com
Letters Home 发信日期(date):发信日期低于信头位置,写法有英美之分。英式的 写法常把日期写在月份的前面;美式的写法常把月份写在日期的前面,日期 常用基数词,也可用序数词。年份之前的逗号可以省略。如: 2 nd May, 2005 或 2 May 2005(英式) June 21 st, 2005 或 June 21 2005(美式)
Letters Home 编号(Reference Number):编号是指根据部门、商品等事先分类 而编的号,以便发信者或收信者取阅参考。一般打印在封内地址上方或信 页底部。如: a. Our Ref: 456 JS/nb b. In reply, refer to file No. 889 -1
Letters Home 封内收信人地址(Inside Address):其目的是避免差错,便于收件人 归档。位于信头下方,一般在信笺的左面,沿左面页边线写起。收信人的姓 名(或公司名)和地址,与信封上的内容相同,但地址的语序与中文恰好相 反:先写小的单位,再写大的单位。如: Mr. Robert Keats Director of Sales Department Windson Knitting Mills Inc. 295 Magnolia Avenue Spartanburg, South Carolina 29301 The United States of America
Letters Home 指定收信人的姓名(Attention Line):“指定收信人”指的是“特定收件 人”或者“经办人”。发信者如果希望收信单位的某个人或某个部门迅速办理此 件时,须在封内地址的下面写上指定收信人的名字或部门名称,如下所示: Attention: Mr. Thomas Green Attention: Plymouth Rock Manufacturing Company
Letters Home 称呼(Salutation):指写信人对收信人的称呼,位于封内地址下两至三 行,从左边顶格写起,单独占一行。称呼后常用逗号。 常见称呼如下: Dear Mary, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sirs, Dear Mses, (称呼两位及以上的女性)等等。
Letters Home 事由(Subject Line or Headline):又称“信件主题”,即:将信件的主 旨标示在信件的上方,便于对方很快知道信件的主要内容,有利于节省时间, 提高效率,也便于归档和查阅。如: a. Color TVs b. Re: Your Order No. 345 for German cars c. Subject: Claim No. MA-457972
Letters Home 开头语(The Opening Address):没有固定写法,习惯上是将收函日期、 查号或编号,或主题内容等简单综合叙述,便于对方了解此信函是回复哪一封信 的。如果是第一次通信,一般要介绍自己的目的、要求等。开头语自成一段,简 明扼要,与信的正文分开。(现在有的信函不再用开头语)。 正文(Body):是信函的主体,表达具体愿望、要求和看法等主要内容。 位置紧接开头语下面,可分为几段。每段表达一个意思。 结尾语(The Closing Sentence):结尾常用来总结正文内容,也可附加 礼节性结束语,位于正文结束后,另起一段。例如: We await your immediate reply. Looking forward to your detailed reply at your early convenience.
Letters Home 礼节性结束语(Complimentary Close):位于结尾语下隔一、二行处, 从正中或偏右处写起,有人为了方便,也可从左边写起。首写字母大写,最后 加上逗号,写法很多,写信人可根据与收信人的关系选用不同的说法。如: Cordially, Cordially yours, Sincerely yours Yours Sincerely, Yours Faithfully, Yours Truly, 等等。
Letters Home 签名(Signature):一般要有写信人的签名,这样使人感到对方认真、亲切、 有礼貌。签名时如果代表单位,可把公司或商号名称用大写打印出来,并由负责人 签名。 主办人代号(Identification Mark):为了便于查找信函主稿人和打字者, 商务信函中常把发信人与打字员的姓名首写字母打在署名位置下二行的左方。 附件注明(Enclosure Notation):信中如有附件,须在左下角主办人代号 下方注明Enclosure, 也常用缩写形式Enc. 或Encl. 。如附件有两个以上,要详细 注明。如: Enclosures (2) Encl. (3)
Letters Home 附笔(Postscript):也称作“再启”或“又及”,位于附件说明之下,缩 写形式P. S. 或PS,用来补充信写完之后又要交代的话。在正式信函中应避免 附笔,避免给人留下办事不周的印象。 副本注明(Carbon Copy Notation):写信人如果把信抄送有关单位 或个人,同时也想让收信者知道已抄送的单位或人,可在信件最后的左下角 (正式公函在右下角)注明CC (Carbon Copy),CC to 或copy to等,之 后再打抄送单位或个人的名称。如: CC The Universal Trading Co. , Ltd. Copy to Mr. Jones C. C. Robert Keats, President
Letters Home 商务信函的布局(Layout) Letter. Head 信头(一般已打印好) Reference Number 编号 Date 发信日期 Inside Address 封内地址 Attention Line 指定收信人姓名 Salutation称呼 Subject Line 事由 正文:Opening Sentence(s)开头语 Main Body 主旨段落(由一段或几段组成) Closing Sentence (s) 结尾 Complimentary Close 礼貌结束语 Signature 签名 Identification Mark 主办人代号 Enclosure Notation 附件注明 Postscript 附笔 Carbon Copy Notation 副本注明
Letters Home 商务信函的写作格式 1.齐头式(Block Style) 齐头式是指信函除信头之外每行开头都与左边边缘对齐。这种从上至下 的齐头式排列显得整洁。打字时还能节省时间,方便迅速,因此这种格式受 到了越来越多的人的欢迎。 LETTER HEAD(信头) (日期) (编号) (封内地址) (称呼) (事由) (信文) (结尾语及签名)
Letters Home 2.改良齐头式 (Modified Block Syle) 改良齐头式指除信头、日期、客套结束语和签名部分外,其他部分每行 开头都与左边空白边缘看齐。 LETTER HEAD (信头) (编号) (日期) (封内地址) (称呼) (事由) (信文) (结尾及签名) (附件、附本、附言)
Letters Home 3.简化式(Simplified Style) 每一行都是左对齐,开头称呼和结尾的祝语可以省略。很多商业信件都 愿意采取这种方式。标题行以及写信人的姓名、职务全部大写。 LETTER HEAD(信头) (日期) (封内地址) (事由) (信文) (签名)
Letters Home 4.缩进式(Indented Style) 指将封内地址和其他需分行的地方的后行比前行往右缩进 2至 3个英文字 母,各行以右斜方式排列。信文各段落的起始字缩入 4-5个英文字母,日期 写在信纸的右上方,结尾客套语和签名放在中间偏右下方。 LETTERHEAD(信头) (编号) (日期) (封内地址) (称呼) (事由) (信文) (结尾及签名) (附件、附本、附言)
Letters Home Ⅱ .常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) 1.We are willing to establish relations with your company. 我们愿意与贵公司建立业务联系。 2.This corporation is specialized in handling the import and export business in electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you. 我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务,希望与贵方建立 商务关系。 3.Our products are of very good quality and our firm is always regarded by our customers as the most reliable one. 我们的产品质量一流,我们的客户一直把本公司视为最可信赖的公司。
Letters Home 4.You will be interested to hear that we have just marketed our new product. 我们的新产品刚刚推出上市,相信您乐于知道。 5.We hear that you have put … on the market and should be glad to have full details. 得知贵公司……已上市,希望能赐寄完整的详细资料。 6.You will find enclosed with this letter a sample of new… 随函附上本公司新出品的……样品,请查收。 7.Please let us have a quotation for the regular supply for… 请将定期供应之……之报价赐如。 8.We enclosed herewith an inquiry sheet. 随函附上询价单一份。
Letters Home 9.We will keep in mind your requirement for…and shall contact you once it is available. 我方会留心你方对……的要求,一旦有货,将立即同你方 联系。 10.Your prompt reply is eagerly awaited. 急切等候您的回音。 11.We look forward to hearing from you soon. 希望不久能收到您的回信。 12.Please be good enough to send us the amount due within the next few days. 请最近几天内将你方应付款寄来。 13.We await your further news with interest. 我们期盼你方进一步的消息。
Home Fax Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples)
Fax Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 虽然电子邮件在目前已广泛应用,但传真仍然活跃在世界商务领域。在 现代商务中,传真作为现代化的通讯方式,其地位和作用已经完全确立下来。 这主要是因为传真具有快速、便宜、方便、灵活和高效的特点。 传真没有统一的格式,主要根据公司的喜好或生成传真的软件而定。但 在版面编排方面仍应该遵循一定的格式。例如要列出传真的页数、发送人和 接受人的电话,以防传送失败。 封面是传真的主要组成部分,上面写有发送人和接收人的姓名、地址、 电话、传真号码和总页数。尤其应注意的是务必要在封面上写明总页数,以 防漏发。例如:
Fax Home Westwood Communications Inc. 4277 Old Trail Road El Paso. TX 79968 www. westwood. com FAX COVER SHEET Date: January 11, 2005 PLEASE DELIVER THE FOLLOWING PAGE (S) TO: NAME: Deborah Shapiro FAX NUMBER: (502) 555 -8669 THIS FAX IS BEING SENT BY NAME/DEPARTMENT: Malcolm T. Belleau. Design Dept. NUMBER OF PAGES: 3 INCLUDING COVER SHEET TIME SENT: 10: 30 AM IF YOU DO NOT RECEIVE ALL PAGES CLEARLY, PLEASE CALL (915) 555 -3660
Fax Home 传真写作中的注意事项: 出于礼貌,在给对方发送传真之前要通知对方注意接收。 如果发送文件,就要把传真内容打印到较大的纸张上,因为在传送过程中文件 尺寸会变小。 应避免在纸张四周空白的地方补充任何内容或评论,在传送时会模糊不清。 发送内容要清晰。 发送传真超过3~ 4页时要格外小心。文件过多就会占用接收人的电话线。因此 应该在发送前给对方打电话确认对方愿意接收传真。
Fax Home 传真的书写格式(Style): 传真的书写格式与商务信函很相近,两者都注重细节。但也有以下不同之处: 1)传真的书写格式有时没有信函正式,但是商务信函中的惯用表达同样适用于传 真。 2)传真地址不一定总是像信函一样完整。 3)传真的每一页都要标有页码,例如: 1/1,代表总页码为 1,该页码为 1。又如: 3/4, 代表传真总共有4页,该页为第 3页。 4)鉴于传真的目的是快速传递书面信息,所以有时候传真还可以是手写的。
Fax Ⅱ.范例(Sample s) FAX MESSAGE To: Joseph Zhang Sales Director Island Silks 18, ╳ ╳ Road Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 933 4563 Fax: (852) 933 4578 Home Mayflowers Inc 868 New Texas Avenue, New York, USA zip Tel: 78946783 Fax: 78946780 Page 1 of 1 September 17, 2004 ╳ ╳ ╳ Collection Silk Scarves First of all, I would like to thank you for your hospitality during my stay in Hong Kong, I am pleased to confirm our order for 3, 000 ╳ ╳ ╳ Collection Silk Scarves. The details, as agreed in our discussion last week, are as follows: Unit Price : US $ 50, inclusive of insurance and shipping Delivery date : December 10, 2004 No. of different patterns : 15 (your “Cool Bear” selection) No. of colours : 5 (peach, yellow, cream, white, rose) Terms of payment : 30 days presentation (irrevocable letter of credit) Discount : 3% We look forward to doing more business with you in the future. Best regards, ╳╳╳ John Fagurson Chief Buyer 注 释 译 文
E-mail Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) Home
E-Mail Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 随着互联网的出现和普及,电子邮件已成为现代商务不可缺少的联络方式。 只要拥有一台联网的电脑,人们就可以随时随地发送和接收电子邮件,从而 摆脱时间和地域的限制。邮件的接收者不必等候接受邮件。从某种程度上讲, 电子邮件在某些领域已经取代商务函件和电传。电子邮件的发展之所以如此 迅猛,主要是因为它具有以下优点: 应用方便 使用电子邮件时,人们不用担心与收件人处于不同的时区所带 来的不便,也不必像发传真时那样,需要与收件人不停地互通电话。另外, 传真只能发到某一个号码,而电子邮件则可以随时随地地接收。使用者除了 可以从办公室里接收电子邮件之外,也可以在家里、在路上、在朋友的系统 上或者有可能利用手机上网查收。因此十分方便。
E-Mail Home 快捷可靠 电子邮件可以在几秒钟之内抵达目的地。人们没必要专 门在电脑旁等候邮件到来,因此,电子邮件大大加速了国际间的通信。 人们可以在任何时间发送邮件,不必担心对方是否在电脑旁。 费用低廉 电子邮件不像信函那样需要粘贴邮票,支付昂贵的邮费。同时 也不像发送传真那样需要支付长途电话费。对于电子邮件来说,收件人无论 是在同一城市,还是在世界其他国家,邮件的费用并没有什么不同。 节时高效 电子邮件与传统的通信方式相比,更便于人们进行商务往来。 收件人可以在任何方便的时候查阅并回复邮件。双方可以通过邮件随时询问 对方并说明情况,使商务沟通更加迅速、高效。 电子邮件的书写格式与商务信函一样,取决于和收件人的关系以及邮件 的目的。但一般来讲,电子邮件比信函和传真更加随意,不是特别正式。
E-Mail Home 注意事项: 商务电子邮件的书写不同于普通邮件,应避免聊天式的写作语气和过于随 意的词语。 由于电子邮件很容易复制并转发给其他人,所以在写完邮件之后,应检查 一下是否有商业机密信息,以免泄密。 如果是发送重要信息,就要改为使用信函或传真的方式,因为有人并没有 定期查看邮件的习惯。 文章的篇幅不要太长(电子邮件的篇幅通常要比传真或信件的篇幅短), 在用英文书写的时候,全文不要都用大写字母——人们会认为这样做是“喊叫 ”——非常不礼貌。
E-Mail Home 仔细检查您的地址,不要把信息发错了对象。在单击“发送”按钮之前,要确保 信息将要发送给正确的收件人。 确保回复功能设置正确。现在在回复信件时,通常的做法就是点击“回复”或“自 动回复”按钮,如果回复不准确,您就永远不可能再收到对方的回信。 充分使用标题。不填写此项内容,就会浪费机会。把贵公司的名称填上去,并 且/或者介绍一下您发出信件的目的。标题有助于接收者快速了解信件内容,即使一 年以后他们再搜寻他们的文件也能够很容易找到。
E-Mail Home 电子邮件中常用缩略语: 电子邮件的特点就是短小精悍。为了达到这个目的,人们常用一些缩略 语,以下是常用缩略语: AFK: Away from keyboard BAK: Back at Keyboard BRB: Be right back BTW: By the way FYI: For your information(供参考) IMHO: In my humble opinion(依愚见) IOW: In other words OTOH: On the other hand TIA: Thanks in advance WB: Welcome back WRT: With respect to(关于)
E-Mail Home 以下是电子邮件的写作格式: From: Kelly Brown To: Linda Wang C. C: John Adams, Jennifer Smith Subject: (The body) Kelly Brown (His Title)
E-Mail Home Ⅱ.范例(Sample) Dear Mr. / Ms. , Mr. Jack Baron, our personnel director, has asked me to acknowledge your application for the post of accountant and to ask you to come to see him on Friday afternoon, 5 th July, at half past two. I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come. Yours faithfully 1.这是某公司的人力资源部的秘书写给前来面试的应聘者的一封邮件,通 知他们具体的面试时间。 2.邮件的格式和传真一样,以齐头式居多。 3.语言简单易懂,不失礼貌。 注 释 译 文
E-Mail Home Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) 1.I would like to thank you for your hospitality during my stay in Hong Kong. 我感谢在香港停留期间您对我的热情款待。 2.We look forward to doing more business with you in the future. 我们盼望在未来能与贵公司有更多业务联系。 3.I will appreciate your letting me know whether you will be able to come. 是否能来,请告知,多谢。 4.Thank you for your attention in this matter. 感谢您对这件事的关注。 5.We look forward to a pleasant business relationship with your in the future. 期望与贵方建立愉快的业务联系。
E-Mail Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) 1.把下面句子翻译成中文 1)We trust that you will look into the matter immediately and inform us of the results. 深信贵方必能及时处理此事,并将结果告知我们。 2)Will you kindly inform us what you wish us to do? 盼能告知贵方希望我们能做点什么。 3)Will you please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter? 贵方在这个问题上的想法请尽快告知我们。 4)We regret the trouble we are causing you. 给贵公司增添麻烦深感歉疚。 5)We thank you for the services (you) rendered in this matter. 感谢贵方在此问题上的帮助。 Home
E-Mail Home 2.把下列句子翻译成英文 1)感谢贵方对此事的关注。 We thank you for your attention to this matter. 2)感谢贵方惠顾,并希望我们建立的良好关系继续发展。 We appreciate very much your patronage and hope that the pleasant relationship established between us will continue. 3)我们乐于等待贵方下一步的订货。 Your further order is awaited with interest. 4)我们希望这是我们双方生意往来的良好开端。 We hope this is the beginning of a good relationship to our business. 5)我方意见能否为贵方接受?盼复一音。 Will you please inform us whether our opinion is acceptable to you?
E-Mail Home 3.根据以下所给出的信息写一封信 1)写信人名称:Doe Trading Co. Ltd. 2)写信人地址: 283 Red House Street, Dalian, 116000, P. R. China 3)写信日期:May 5, 2005 4)收信人名称:Deep Blue Food Company 5)收信人地址: 23 Swan Lake Road, Liverpool, Britain 6)主题:Golden Fish Sweets 7)正文内容: 感谢 4月20号来信,询问上述货品价格。附件中的目录列出了各种规格 的产品详细情况,供您选择合适产品。早复为盼。 for reference
E-Mail Home 4.先把下列信函翻译成汉语,再把汉语翻译成英语信函,最后和英 语原文对照,看看有何不同。 TRADING & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY OF JIANGMEN No. 268 JIANSHE ROAD, JIANGMEN CITY, GUANGDONG, CHINA YOUR REF. NO. 135/246 MAY 15, 2005 THOMAS & SON INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO. LTD. No. 1052 BRADLEY ST. SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA Gentlemen: Your company has been recommended to us by Universal Trading Co. , Ltd. , with whom we have done business for eight years.
E-Mail Home We specialize in trade with the Pacific coast areas of the United States, but we have no contact with your company. Interested in selling hi -tech electronic products, we address this letter to you in order to enter into direct business relations with you at an early date. We are looking forward to receiving your details and export prices of various kinds of hi-tech electronic products you would be interested in selling, and shall be glad to study the sales possibilities in our market. On the other hand, please favor us with a list of those articles you are interested in obtaining from here, so that we might give you all the necessary information regarding supply possibilities. We look forward to your early reply. Yours truly, ╳╳╳ General Manager for reference
Lesson Three Writing a Report Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) Home
Writing a Report Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 报告的使用非常广泛。它通常是根据上司的要求,由下级向上级呈报。报 告分为书面和口头报告两种形式。相比之下,书面报告具有“永久性记载”的 特点,便于日后查阅和参考。口头报告容易被人遗忘,且经过众人之口之后 其细节还有可能被歪曲。 书面报告可以用书信形式撰写,也可以用报告形式撰写。报告的篇幅没有 限制,根据实际需要可长可短。写作报告时要求思路清晰,文字简洁且有说 服力。报告的目的是发现问题、分析问题和解决问题。其作用是通报情况、 传递信息、提出建议、为正确的决策提供可靠的依据,是保证各方面 作顺 利进行的前提。由此可见,掌握报告的写作对于从事商务活动的业务 作人 员来说非常重要。
Writing a Report Home 报告的构成:报告的结构形式是为表达内容服务的。不同内容、目的的报告 有不同的结构形式。一般来讲,报告由以下几个部分构成: 标题(Title): 标题是文章的一个组成部分。写作时要认真拟定题目,力求简洁、明确、醒 目地表达报告主题,切忌华而不实,弄巧成拙。 导言(Introduction): 导言又称作引言或内容提要,写法可根据报告的具体内容、类型和读者对象 而定。导言要求简明扼要、条例清晰,具有概括性。导言具有导读效果,为理解 报告打下基础,并增强报告的真实感、强调核心内容,使读者在读正文前,先有 一个总体上的印象。若是分析式报告,还应该在导言里提出问题,提示结论。但 也有的报告没有导言,而是开门见山地表述中心内容。请看下例导言:
Writing a Report Home 例1 In accordance with our sales manager, James Dorian’s request of April 29, I have made a survey to determine the advisability of establishing a warehouse in Chicago. The results of my investigation, as well as my conclusion and recommendations, are embodied in this report. … 译 文
Writing a Report Home 例2 Upon the request of the equipment division of the university, we have inspected the laboratory of the English department and found its present equipment unsatisfactory and limited, it is hereby recommended that at least five videotape recorders be bought to improve the situation. … 译 文
Writing a Report Home 正文(Body): 正文是报告书的主体部分,着重反映调查分析的成果,包括典型的事例、 确凿的数据、合理的分析、明确的判断以及令人信服的结论等。该部分的内 容应该十分详尽、具体。因此要求段落既要条理清晰,又要相互联系、相互 照应。 结语(Conclusion): 结语是上述调研报告陈述内容的一种结论。通过对全文进行总结,深化主 题并提出问题、引发思考,与引言相照应。从内容的完整性和严密性来看, 报告通常需要一个结语部分。结语部分根据报告的不同类型而定。
Writing a Report Home 署名和日期(Date and Signature) 署名和日期的位置十分灵活,主要有以下两种: 正式报告 To: From: (your name) Date: Subject: (The body) (signature) 非正式报告 TITLE (By) Your Name Date: (The body)
Writing a Report Home 附件: 附件主要用来补充和证实调查结果,增强说服力。它不适合放在 正文中,一般作为单独的一项内容附在报告正文之后。
Writing a Report Home 报告的分类(Classification): 报告所涉及的内容广泛,形式多样。可以有许多分类标准。这里只介绍 两种分类方法。按写作手法可以分为信息式报告和分析式报告两种。按报告 的长短可以分为非正式报告和正式报告。 信息式报告主要描述一些客观事实。这种报告将相关事实如实呈现在读 者面前,不加入个人观点,也不作出任何结论或提出任何建议。这种报告也 可称作“例行报告”,“定期报告”或“进度报告”。信息式报告内容针对性要强, 而且要准确翔实,才有参考价值。
Writing a Report Home 分析式报告除了要陈述一些基本事实之外,还要提出作者的看法、结论和 建议等。这里的事实只是为了更好地分析和总结,而不是简单、机械的罗列。 如:有关推销新产品、改善人事管理制度和协调各部门间的关系的建议的报 告就属于分析式报告。 报告按长短分还可以分为非正式报告和正式报告。非正式报告篇幅较短。 多数情况下属于提供信息式的,但有时也可以是分析的。非正式报告常以书 信(Letter)或(Memorandum)的形式来呈报。 正式报告篇幅相对较长,目的是为了把复杂的内容清楚地表达出来。它有 时是公文,有时只限于在公司内部传阅。这种类型的报告一般是一种长久性 的文字记载,用于处理公司重大事件。
Writing a Report Home 写作原则: 1.真实性原则即报告应以事实为基础,以数据为依托,要建立在真实可信的资 料的基础上,进行客观分析,反映出事物的真实情况。不得更改统计数字, 随意夸大或隐瞒事实。 2.明晰性原则指报告的内容必须条理清楚、简单扼要、观点明确。它要求报告 从内容到语言都具有高度的确定性,在用词时不应出现“大概”、“可能”等字 眼,内容表述所用文字应准确,术语应解释清楚,让读者明了其确定含义。
Writing a Report Home 3.可操作性原则要求报告所提出的建议应具有合理性,在企业目前状况下 有条件采用,所建议的措施切实可行,否则报告就失去了其本身的意义。 4.重要性原则指报告在写作中必须突出重点,着重分析与企业有关的各因 素,对存在的重要问题进行细致分析,并提出与之相关的措施。
Writing a Report Home 写作步骤 1.弄清写报告的目的:报告的读者是谁?为何要写报告? 2.搜集相关资料。 3.对找到的资料信息全面分析研究,去伪存真、去粗取精。 4.在编排信息、内容时应该依据逻辑顺序、主次顺序、时间顺序和空间顺 序等。 5.决定在哪些地方有必要插入图表。 6.编写报告的写作提纲。 7.草拟报告。 8.检查草稿,看是否达到预期效果。同时检查其中的语法、拼写和标点符 号错误,核对图表是否正确。 9.朗读写好的报告给别人听,再次检查效果。 10.在定稿之前请人审阅草稿,尤其是重要的报告。 11.清楚、美观地打印最终稿。
Writing a Report Home Ⅱ .范例(Sample 1) This year the company has experienced a remarkable increase in demand for most of its products. In general the demand for stationery has shown the biggest increase for many years. Especially pleasing has been the large increase in our sales abroad. Nevertheless it is a fact that trading conditions remain very competitive in all our markets. This has sometimes forced us to sell some of our new lines at uneconomic prices in order to set ourselves up in fresh markets. Costs of raw materials and of labour have both greatly increased in the past year- factors which have added to the company’s difficulties. So far however we have been able to offset the effect of these increases by improvements in our methods of production. In particular the introduction of a number of entirely new, automatic machines had a very good effect on productivity. It will be very difficult however for the company to bear the expenses as the result of cost increase. Our company is unwilling to do so in view of the highly competitive nature of our business. 注 释 译 文
Writing a Report Home 1.这是一份非正式报告。整篇报告概括说明了公司较好的销售形势。 2.如实陈述了公司的产品同时也面临着竞争。尽管原材料、劳动力成本上 涨,但由于新机器的引进,产品价格依然没涨。但是如果原材料等成本继续 增加的话,目前价格则难以维持。 3.显然这是一篇信息式报告,目的是为了让读者了解公司产品的销售状况。 另外,该报告既无标题,也无导言和结语部分,从形式上看也是一篇典型的 信息式报告。
Writing a Report Home Ⅱ .范例(Sample 2) Report on the Advisability of Changing Insurance Companies Submitted by Robert Silver Benefits Officer On June 16, 2005, John Hobart, finance officer asked me to determine whether Orion United Industries was purchasing the most economical insurance coverage for our employees. My investigation has shown that we are paying more than we have to for our group insurance plan and that there are less expensive plans available that provide the same or better coverage. Between June 17, 2005 and July 3, 2005, the writer spoke to representatives of fifteen major insurance companies either in his office or on the phone. Of this number, three companies (Manufacturers’ Mutual, Inc. , Group Health Care Corp, and Eastern 注 释 译 文
Writing a Report Home Insurance Co. ) claimed they could provide coverage identical to what our employees currently have at an annual savings of $ 12, 000 -19, 000. One company, Bell Insurance Company, claims to be able to provide the same program we currently have and add dental coverage without exceeding the premiums we now pay. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that we solicit bids from as many insurance companies as possible. Once we select the most economical plan for the necessary coverage, we should not renew our present contract with Insurance Industries International. 注 释 译 文
Writing a Report Home 1.该报告是一份正式性分析式报告。读者可以从范文的题目清楚地了解报 告的内容。即:在另一家保险公司投保的可行性。标题下方是作者的名字和 职位。 2.导言部分写明了调查的背景和目的,并通过主题句:“My investigation has shown that…and there are less expensive plans available that…”。 这样的主题句提出了问题并得出了结论。由此可见,这是一篇正式的分析式 报告。 3.正文部分写明了调查的情况,为提出建议奠定了基础,提供了理由。 4.结语部分以分析式报告惯用的结束语“On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that…”,更加强调了作者是在实地调查的基础上提出的 建议。
Writing a Report Home Ⅲ.常用表达(Useful Expressions) 1.The purpose / aim of this report is to…:这篇报告旨在…… 2.The report aims to …:这篇报告旨在…… 3.The report is based on…:这篇报告基于…… 4.The key findings are outlined below:主要调查结果如下。 5.It was found that…:调查结果显示…… 6.The following points summarize our key findings:我们的主要调查结果 有如下几点。 7.We can summarize the results as follows:调查结果概述如下。 8.My investigations has shown that…:我的调查表明…… 9.It is clear that…:很明显的是…… 10.No conclusions were reached regarding…:关于……没有得出结论。 11.It was agreed that…:大家同意…… 12.It would be advisable to…:……是可取的 13.It is essential to…:……是关键的。 14.We strongly recommend that…:我们强烈建议……。 15.It is hereby recommended that…:兹建议……
Writing a Report Ⅳ.习题(Exercises) Home 1.把下列英文句子翻译成中文 1)At the suggestion of the equipment division of the plant, the survey division conducted on-the-spot observations in the workshop on July 9, 2004. 根据 厂设备科的建议,检查小组于2004年 7月9日对车间进行了实地考察。 2)Upon your request of October 8, I have made a survey to determine the advisability of establishing a warehouse in Los Angeles. 应您 10月8日的要求,我对在洛杉矶建仓库的可能性做了调查。 3)Following your memorandum of November 10 we carried out a careful study of our market in the Middle East. 根据您 11月10日的便函,我们对我们的中东市场进行了仔细的研究。 4)As requested by the Sales Manager on 10 August 2005, I have investigated the problem. 应销售经理2005年 8月10日的要求,我对此问题进行了调查。
Writing a Report 2.根据以下备忘录中的要求写一份报告 MEMORANDUM From: The Managing Director To: Personnel Manager Date: 16 May, 2005 Subject: Installation of coffee machines The Board is thinking of installing automatic coffee machines in the offices of each division. Before we do this we need to know: How much use our staff will make of them. How many machines we would need Whether time now used for making coffee would be saved Can you provide us with your views on - how the staff will react to the idea and - how we can deal with the union on the matter If possible, I would like to receive your report before the next Board Meeting on 8 June. for reference Home
Writing a Report Home 3.假如你所在公司的总经理(managing director)要求你就公司办公室的 健康和安全防备情况做一次调查。以下是你所作的记录和被要求提出的建议。 把这些笔记扩展为几个段落,并写一份提交给总经理的报告。 Your Notes: My tasks were (1) to speak to office managers and union representatives about how accidents or job-related illnesses happened and (2) to make recommendations on how best to improve the situation. Results of study of all reported accidents of the past year. Three main causes Faulty equipment Safety regulations not followed Health / safety procedures being ignored Study some job-related illnesses reported. Also had meetings with union reps and office managers about what to do. Make recommendations / proposals(建议). for reference
Lesson Four Contract and Agreement Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions) Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) Home
Contract and Agreement Home Ⅰ.背景知识(Background Knowledge) 商务合同是当代社会进行各种经济活动的基本法律形式。在社会生活中, 商家通过合同来确定交易各方的权利义务,并以此约束对方进行经济活动,达 到交易的目的。在经济生活中,合同具有重要的作用,首先在具有长期性、阶 段性的经济合作关系中,必须订立合同,以指导、约束各方合作行为,以达到 其经济目的。其次,作为经济交往的重要凭证,合同也是证明交往过程的重要 凭据。这样可以保证我们购买的商品能退货、保修等;保证交易对方按约定履 行义务;保证向违约方要求承担违约责任等。
Contract and Agreement Home 商务合同的内容与书写格式: 涉外商务合同按繁简不同,尽管可以采取不同书面形式,如正式合同( Contract 被认为是一种较为正式的协议agreement)、协议书(Agreement)、 确认书(Confirmation)、备忘录(Memorandum)、订单(Order)等,但是 一般都包含如下几个部分: 1.合同名称(Title) 2.前文(Preamble) 订约日期和地点(Date and place of signing ) 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所(Signing parties and their nationalities, principal place of business or residence addresses) 当事人合法依据[Each party’s authority,比如,该公司是“按当地法律正式组 织而存在的”(a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of XXX)] 订约缘由/说明条款(Recitals or WHEREAS clause)
Contract and Agreement Home 3.正文(Body) 定义条款(Definition clause) 基本条款(Basic conditions) 一般条款(General terms and conditions) 1)合同有效期(Duration) 2)合同的终止(Termination) 3)不可抗力(Force Majeure) 4)合同的让与(Assignment) 5)仲裁(Arbitration) 6)适用的法律(Governing law or applicable law 准据法,法院裁决依据 的法律) 7)诉讼管辖(Jurisdiction,又称司法权,指发生纠纷时,在什么地方,由 哪一级法院裁决) 8)通知手续(Notice) 9)与其他协议或合同的关系(Integration) 10)合同修改(Amendment) 11)其他(Others)
Contract and Agreement Home 4.结尾条款(WITNESS clause) 结尾语,包括份数、使用的文字和效力等(Concluding sentence) 签名(Signature) 盖印(Seal) 以上的格式和内容并非一成不变,当事人可以根据各自交易情况做出调整或 增删。
Contract and Agreement Ⅱ.范例(Samples) Home Sample 1 Sale Agency Agreement This agreement is made between Canada Worldwide Martin Ross, Unit 8, Downsview, Ont. Canada (hereinafter called Party A), and BGF International Inc. 19 Fl. , No. 279 Tangshan Road, Taipei, China (hereinafter called Party B) in respect of the exclusive products-Golden Fish Brand Transistor radios manufactured by Party B under the terms and conditions as set forth hereunder. 1.Hereby Party B grants the exclusiveness to Party A as sole buyer and distributor in Canada and the United States of America for the transistor radios manufactured by Party B under normal trade procedures. 2.Party B is restricted to sell or export any of the said products to any party in Canada and U. S. A. without previous written consent of Party A.
Contract and Agreement Home 3.Party A commits to place order quantity 10, 000 pieces minimum within the first year trial period in Canada and half a year trial period in U. S. A. 4.The quantity of above products corresponds to the requirements of Party A and the acceptable quality standard is all understood and agreed. 5.Terms of payment are proposed by irrevocable Letter of Credit at sight from Party A. The letter of Credit is to be opened 30 days prior to the shipping date according to the purchase order committed. 6.Party B warrants that at the time of delivery each product will be free from defect in material or workmanship. In the event claims occur due to inferior quality/defective materials, party B shall take the whole responsibility for 100% replacement or return the full amount of the defective products. 7.This agreement is effected when it is signed by the parties concerned and is automatically extended provided that neither party has any objections.
Contract and Agreement Home 8.Either party may propose to terminate the agreement if the party provides acceptable reason by registered airmail written notice 90 days prior to the termination to be effected. 9.In witness thereof(由此),party A and Party B start to execute this AGREEMENT by persons thereunto(在那里)duly authorized on the date signed their respective signatures. 10.ARBITRATION: Arbitration shall be held at Shanghai, and in accordance with the law in China and the rules of Int’l Chamber of Commerce. Party A Canada Worldwide Magnet _______ Date: Party B BGF International Inc. _______ Date:
Contract and Agreement 参考译文: 销售代理协议 根据以下条款,加拿大环球马丁罗斯公司,加拿大安大略省Downsview第 8 单元(此处称作甲方)与BGF国际有限公司,中国台北唐山路 279号 19层( 此处称作乙方)就独家代理产品——乙方生产的金鱼牌晶体管收音机签订本 协议。 1.乙方授予甲方根据正常贸易程序对乙方生产的晶体管收音机在加拿大和 美国享有独家代理权利。 2.未经甲方书面同意,乙方不得在加拿大或美国其他地方销售或出口所述 商品。 Home
Contract and Agreement Home 3.甲方应承诺在加拿大的第一年试行期内和在美国的头半年试行期内定购 至少 10000台上述产品。 4.上述产品的数量与甲方的需求量一致,可以接受的质量标准是双方均同 意和认可的。 5.付款条件由甲方开具的即期不可撤销信用证提出。信用证应该在相关的 购买协议规定的装运期前30日内开出。 6.乙方保证交货时所有产品在材料和做 上没有残缺。如果由于产品劣质 或残缺而引起索赔,乙方应承担全部责任,并 100%退换所有残次品。 7.该协议将在各相关方签字之后生效并且如果协议各方没有异议,该合同 将自动延期。
Contract and Agreement Home 8.任何一方都可以提出中止协议,但是必须比中止协议日期提前90天以航空 挂号信的形式书面提出可以接受的理由。 9.据此,甲方和乙方由双方各自签字后开始执行该协议。 10.仲裁:仲裁地为上海,且应根据中国法律和国际商会的规则进行仲裁。 甲方 加拿大环球磁铁有限公司 _______ 日期: 乙方 BGF国际有限公司 ______ 日期:
Contract and Agreement 注 释: Home 1.hereinafter:adv. 以下,在下文中 2.in respect of:关于 3.exclusive products:专卖产品 4.under normal trade procedures:根据正常贸易程序 5.written consent:书面赞成,书面同意 6.30 days prior to the shipping date:装货日期前30天。prior to…… 在……之前 7.inferior quality:劣质 8.This agreement is effected when it is signed by the parties concerned and is automatically extended provided that none of the parties has any objections. 该 协议将在各相关方签字之后生效并且如果协议各方没有异议,该合同将自动延期。 provided: conj. 在……的条件下;如果。 9.execute:vt. 执行,实行。 例如:He asked his nephew to execute his will. 他请自己的侄子执行遣嘱。 10.respective:adj. 各自的,分别的。 例如:All men have their respective duties. 各人有各人的职责。 11.Int’l Chamber of Commerce:即:International Chamber of Commerce 国际 商会
Contract and Agreement Home Ⅲ.常用表达方式(Useful Expressions): 1.This agreement is made between Party A and Party B in respect of… This agreement is signed by and between Party A and Party B with regard to… 此协议是甲、乙双方就……达成的。 2.Hereby Party B grants the exclusiveness to Party A as sole buyer and distributor in… Party B hereby authorizes Party A to act as sole buyer and distributor in… 乙方把……产品的独家代理权授予甲方。 3.Party B is restricted to sell or export any of the said products to any party in Canada and U. S. A. without previous written consent of Party A. Party B is limited to sell or export any of the above products to any party in Canada and U. S. A. without prior written consent of Party A. 未经甲方的书面同意,乙方不得在加拿大或美国其他地方销售或出口所述商品。
Contract and Agreement Home 4.The quality of above products corresponds to the requirements of Party A and the acceptable quality standard is all understood and agreed. The quality of above / mentioned products relative to the demand of Party A and the acceptable quality standard is all understood and agreed. 上述产品的质量符合甲方的要求,可以接受的质量标准是双方均同意和认可的。 5.The letter of Credit is to be opened 30 days prior to the shipping date according to the purchase order committed. The Letter of Credit should be opened within 30 days before the shipping date in accordance with the relevant purchase order. 信用证应该在相关的购买协议规定的装运期前30日内开出。 6.This credit is valid till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. 本证在 北京议付,有效期至 1月1日。 7.Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into RMB. 双方同意交货期改为 8 月并将美元折合成人民币。
Contract and Agreement Home 8.The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15. 卖方须在 6 月15日前将货交给买方。 9.This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 买卖双方同 意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。 10.Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 自 9月20日起,甲方无权接受任何定单或收 据。 11.Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 甲方须每月付给乙方美元500元整。 12.Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i. e. not later than December 15. 本合同签字之日一个月内,即不 迟于 12 月 15 日,乙方须将货物装船。
Contract and Agreement Home Ⅳ.练习(Exercises) 1.把下列词语翻译成汉语 1)specification 规 格 2)contract 合 同 3)agreement 协 议 4)shipping marks 装船标记 5)unit price 单 价
Contract and Agreement Home 2.把下列词语翻译成英语 1)不可撤销信用证 irrevocable Letter of Credit 2)付款条件 terms of payment 3)合同的终止 termination of contract 4)销售代理协议 sales agency agreement 5)诉讼管辖(司法权) jurisdiction 6)仲裁 arbitration
Contract and Agreement Home 3.把下列句子翻译成汉语 1)As some points concerning the contract have not yet been settled, negotiation has to be continued before the contract can be signed. 由于合同中的一些问题尚未解决,所以在合同签署前仍需继续磋商。 2)We are glad to note from your letter that all the contract terms have been settled in Guangzhou through negotiation between your company and our delegation. 从来函获悉,经过贵公司与我方代表团协商,合同之全部条款已在广州谈妥。 3)The contract has been duly signed and sealed(盖章)by both parties. 合同已如期由双方签署并盖章。 4)When the Sales Contract has been signed by the seller, it will be countersigned(会签)by the buyer. 销售合同经过卖方签字后,还须买方会签。
Contract and Agreement Home 4.把下列句子翻译成英文 1)合同一旦签署,即具有法律效力。(legal effect) Once a contract is signed, it has legal effect. 2)如果贵方未能在信用证有效期内装船,我方有权单方面撤销合同。(be entitled to/be given the right to) If you fail to make shipment within the L/C validity, we shall be entitled to cancel the Contract unilaterally. 3)合同的修改必须要有正当理由。 Contract amendment can only be made with good reasons.
Contract and Agreement Home 4)合同的修改必须以双方同意为准,否则无效。 Amendment of Contract is subject to the consent by both parties concerned, otherwise the amendment will have no legal effect. 5) 我们高兴地通知贵方,有关合同已纳入我方生产计划,预计在 10月底可以完 成。(enter into) We are glad to inform you that the contract in question has entered into our production program and is expected to be completed before the end of October. 6)很抱歉通知贵方,由于此地形势发生变化,设备已不可能按原合同规定时间 完成。鉴于此种情况,我们只好请贵方修改合同有关条款。(such being the case) We regret to inform you that owing to the changing situation at this end, the equipment cannot be completed at the time originally stipulated in the contract. Such being the case, we have no choice but request you to amend the relevant contract terms.


