UNIT II Lesson 1 一 Gen 跟

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 一. Gen 跟 as a First Position Verb (N. B. bu 不 precedes gen 跟 to negate whole phrase): § 1. 他跟誰說話? Who’s he talking to (with)? Ta gen sheir shuo-huah? § 2. 我不跟丁一說話。 I don’t speak to Ding I. Woo bu gen Ding I shuo-huah. § 3. 我不想跟你們去。 I don’s want to go with you. Woo bu sheang gen nii. men chiuh. § 4. 來跟我們喝茶吧。Come and have some tea with us. Lai gen woo. men he-char. ba. § 5. 我今天不能跟你們吃飯。I can’t eat with you today. Woo jintian bu neng gen nii. men chy-fann.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 二. Huoh. jee 或者 : or, A conjunction not demanding choice: § 1. 我要紅的或者綠的。I want a red one or a green one. Woo yaw horng. de huoh. jee liuh. de. § 2. 我們買英國的或者美國的，好不好﹖ Woo. men mae Ing. gwo. de huoh. jee Meei. gwo. de, hao. buhao? Let’s buy an English one or an American one, alright? § 3. 你想今天或者明天去看他嗎? Nii sheang jintian huoh. jee mingtian chiuh kann ta. ma? Do you want to go visit him today or tomorrow? § Contrast with: 你想今天還是明天去看他呢? Nii sheang jintian hair. sh mingtian chiuh kann. ta. ne? Do you want to go visit him today or tomorrow?

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 三. Yaw. sh 要是 : If - Either before or after subject § 1. 你要是來，我就不去。 If you come, I won’t go. Nii yaw. sh lai, woo jiow bu chiuh. § 2. 要是你那麼忙，我們就不去吧。 Yaw. sh nii nemm. me mang, woo. men jiow bu chiuh. ba. If you are that busy, let’s not go. § 3. 要是沒有馬，你還去嗎﹖ Yaw. sh mei. yeou maa, nii hair chiuh. ma? If there aren’t any horses, are you still going (will you still go? )

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 四. “When” Clauses with. de Shyr. how 的時候 : §A. General: 1. 丁一說話的時候，我不聽。 Ding I shuo-huah. de shyrhowl, woo bu ting. When Ding I speaks, I don’t listen. § B. Past: 1. 你在美國的時候，我在英國。 Nii tzay Jong. gwo. de shyr. how, woo tzay Ing. gwo. When you were in China, I was in England. § 2. 丁一小的時候，你喜歡他嗎﹖ Ding I sheau. de shyr. howl, nii shii. huan. ta. ma? Did you like Ding I when he was little? § C. Future: 1. 丁一來的時候就會跟我們說。 Ding I lai. de shyr. howl jiow huey gen woo. men shuo. Ding I will tell us when he comes.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 五. Potential Complements § 1. 你聽得懂聽不懂丁一的話? Can you understand Ding I? Nii ting. de-doong ting. bu-doong Ding I. de huah? § 2. 聽得懂，我聽得懂他的話。Yes, I can understand him. Ting. de doong. Woo ting. de-doong ta. de huah. § 3. 你吃得完嗎﹖ Can you polish them off? Nii chy. de-wan. ma? § 4. 你看得見國王的新衣服嗎﹖ Nii kann. de-jiann gwowang de shin i. fwu. ma? Can you see the king’s new clothes? § 5. 他出不來，是不是﹖ He can’t get out, is that it? Ta chu. bu-lai, sh. bush?

UNIT II, Lesson 1 §六. Action in a Place § A. Most common word order: Subject tzay place verb: § 1. 你在哪儿吃飯? Where do you eat? Nii tzay naal chy-fann? § 2. 你在賓州有沒有朋友? Nii tzay Binjou yeou mei. yeou perngyeou? Do you have friends in Pennsylvania? § B. “Tzay place” may sometimes precede the subject for emphasis: § 1. 在宿舍裡我們也說中文。 Tzay suhsheh. lii woo. men yee shuo Jongwen. We speak Chinese in the dorm too. 2. 在中國人人都有龍。Everybody has a dragon in China. Tzay Jonggwo renren dou yeou long.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 §七. Completed Action. Le 了( negative: Mei. yeou 沒有 or mei 沒 ) § 1. 你看了沒有﹖ 看了。 我看了 。 沒看。 Nii kann. le meiyeou? Kann. le. Woo kann. le. Mei kann. Did you read it? Yes, I read it. No, I didn’t. Have you read it? Have you looked at it? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. § 2. 你聽懂了老師的話沒有? Nii ting-doong le laoshy. de huah meiyeou? Did you understand what the teacher said? § 3. 你吃了幾個? How many did you eat? Nii chy. le jiig? § 4. 你吃了幾個了? How many have you devoured by now? Nii chy. le jiig. le?

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 八. Time Duration: Time Duration Words After the Verb § 1. 我在中國住了三年。 I lived in China for three years. Woo tzay Jonggwo juh. le san nian. § 2. 我等了三天。 I waited for three days. Woo deeng. le san tian. § N. B. New or Current Situation. Le 了 reveals time spent up to now, i. e. so far: § 3. 我等了三天了。 I’ve been waiting for three days! Woo deeng. le san tian. le! § N. B. The quantified time word cannot follow an object (other than a personal pronoun): § 4. 我學了三年日文。 I studied Japanese for three years. Woo shyue. le san nian Ryhwen. § 5. 我學日文學了三年了。I’ve been studying Japanese for three y Woo shyue Ryhwen shyue. le san nian. le.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 九. Relative Clauses, or Modifying Clauses, with. De 的: § 1. 杰克蓋的房子在哪儿? Where is the house that Jack built? Jyekeh gay. de farngtz tzay naal? § 2. 我不喜歡不喜歡龍的人。 I don’t like people who don’t Woo bu shii. huan long. de ren. like dragons. § 3. 只有一枝筷子的人是誰﹖Who’s that guy with one chopstick? Jyy yeou i-jy kuaytz. de neyg ren sh sheir? § 4. 你在中國買的馬叫甚麼名字? Nii tzay Jonggwo mae. de maa jiaw sherm. me mingtz? What do you call the horse you bought in China? (What is the horse you bought in China called? )

UNIT II, Lesson 1 § 十. A. Indirect Statement § 1. 我想丁一想到臺灣去。I think Ding I wants to go to Taiwan. Woo sheang Ding I sheang daw Tair’uan chiuh. § 2. 我知道你不喜歡他。I know you don’t like him. Woo jy. daw nii bushii. huan. ta. § 3. 我覺得紅的也很好看。 Woo jyue. de horng. de yee heen haokann. I think that red ones are good-looking too. § 4. 他說丁一很有錢。 He says that Ding I is rich. Ta shuo Ding I heen yeou chyan. § 5. 他說他知道你知道他覺得你不好。 Ta shuo ta jy. daw nii jy. daw ta jyue. de nii bu hao. He said he knew you knew he thought you were no good.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 §十. B. Indirect question (Same order as direct question) § 1. 我知道你是誰。 I know who you are. Woo jy. daw nii sh sheir. § 2. 我不知道他有沒有馬。 Woo bujydaw ta yeou meiyeou maa. I don’t know whether or not he has horses. § 3. 我不知道他想不想去。 Woo bujydaw ta sheang busheang chiuh. I don’t know if he’d like to go or not. § 4. 他沒說他買了沒有。 Nii mei shuo ta mae. le meiyeou. He didn’t say whether or not he bought it.

UNIT II, Lesson 1 §十. C. Assorted Combinations of Direct and Indirect Statements and Quesitons. § 1. 你知道她是誰嗎? Do you know who she is? Nii jy. daw ta sh sheir. ma? § 2. 你想那隻狗咬不咬人? Do you think if that dog bites? Nii sheang ney jy goou yao buyao ren? § 3. 我知道他不知道你是誰。 Woo jy. daw ta bujydaw nii sh sheir. I know he doesn’t know who you are. § 4. 我不知道他會不會說他是誰。 Woo bu jy. daw ta huey. buhuey shuo ta sh sheir. (--ta sh Mau Tzerdong. ) I don’t know if he’ll say who he is. (--that he is Mau Tzerdong. )