Unit 7 Adversity Optional Classroom Activities Listen and

Unit 7 Adversity Optional Classroom Activities Listen and Respond Get Started Read and Explore Enhance Your Language Awareness

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following brainstorming questions. 1. Have you ever experienced any intense difficulties, hardships or major obstacles in your life? (Open. ) 2. How do you usually deal with adversity? 3. Do you think adversity can make you grow better and stronger? (Open. ) 3 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion Study the following quotes on success. Which quote do you like best? Why? 4 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion Smooth seas do not make skillful sailors. — African proverb Interpretation: Sailing on rough seas, sailors are constantly faced with all kinds of hostile conditions. In their struggle against adversities, they can acquire survival skills in time. Similarly, the difficulties of life should make us better, not bitter. In the process of dealing with problems and difficulties, we can become more experienced in life. Therefore, instead of panicking or complaining in the face of adversity, we should see it as a challenge as well as a chance to improve our abilities. 5 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion When it is dark enough, you can see the stars. — Ralph Waldo Emerson Interpretation: Click Picture This quote tells us not to lose hope in the face of adversity. As we all know, we cannot see well when night falls, but against the dark background we find the shining stars in the sky. So, at a time when we think we are at our worst, we can always discover something that promises hope, such as friendship, love and care from the people who won’t desert us no matter what has happened. 6 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Unit 7 Quotes Watching and Discussion Adversity is the first path to truth. —Lord Byron Interpretation: Click Picture Through adversity we can approach truth. When we are going through difficult times, we are able to see things and people from an angle different from when we are successful. Hence we tend to see things more soberly and objectively in times of adversity. 7 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome. —Anne Bradstreet Click Picture Interpretation: We love spring and resent winter; we love prosperity and hate adversity. But just as white would have no meaning if there is no black as a contrast, we wouldn’t be able to appreciate the warm spring sun without having endured the cold of winter. 8 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion Watch the following video clip “Magic Johnson” and do the tasks that follow: click here 9 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion 1. Answer the questions. 1) What is the biggest challenge in Magic Johnson’s life? click here He is an AIDS patient. 2) What a guy does Magic Johnson call himself? Click here He calls himself “a competitor” and “a positive guy. ” 10 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Get Started Discussion Quotes Unit 7 Watching and Discussion 2. Discuss how people should meet challenges such as some serious diseases. click here • hold a positive attitude • follow the doctor’s instructions • focus on important matters in life 11 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two bean n. 豆 adversity n. [C; U] fml bad fortune; trouble 〖正式〗逆境，不幸，厄运， 患难 soften vt. cause to become soft(er), gentle, less stiff, or less severe 使 变软，使变轻柔，使变温和 harden vt. make sth. firm or stiff 使变硬，使坚固，使硬化 12 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage. 13 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 1. The main idea of this passage is ____. A) B) D how to boil some carrots, eggs and coffee beans in water that we should make better use of carrots, eggs and coffee beans √ C) that daughters should learn how to cook D) how to deal with adversity in life 14 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 2. The daughter complained to her father because ____. B A) she did not know how to cook B) she had a hard life and wanted to give up C) she found it hard to boil carrots, eggs and coffee beans in water √ D) she couldn’t bear the bitter taste of the coffee 15 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 3. After being boiled in the boiling water, the coffee beans ____. D A) became softened B) became hardened C) made the water taste bitter √ D) made the water taste better 16 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 4. The father hoped that his daughter would be like ____in the face of adversity. C A) a carrot B) an egg C) a coffee bean √ D) himself 17 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two Listen to the recording carefully and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard. 18 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 1. A daughter complained to her father about her life and hard how things were so ______ for her. She wanted give up 2. to. _____ 2. The carrots, eggs and coffee beans reacted to the boiling water differently. The carrots went in strong and softened and weak hard, but came out ___________. The eggs had been weak. But after being boiled their inside hardened became ______. However the coffee beans had made the water _______ after they were boiled in taste better the boiling water. 19 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Listen and Respond Word Bank Task One Unit 7 Task Two 3. “When adversity____ on your door, how do you react? knocks Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean? If you are like the coffee bean, when things are at their _______ , worst you get better and make things better around you. ” __________ 20 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views Exercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A. 1. What did the researchers discover in the book Cradles of Eminence? 2. What can we learn about Anna Eleanor Roosevelt? 3. What is meant by the "Adversity Principle"? 4. According to this text is it necessarily true that a tough childhood means problems or failures over one’s entire lifetime? What should we do when we face adversity? 21 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts. Give the main idea of each part in one sentence. Part Para(s) Main ideas Difficulties and obstacles in one’s childhood may not necessarily mean problems or failures over I 1 one’s entire lifetime. The author cites some examples of successful people who overcame various difficulties and II 2 -11 obstacles and fully developed their potential. The author calls on readers to adopt a positive attitude toward hardship and take action to III 12 develop their true potential. 22 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views It is said that childhood obstacles and hardships restrain one’s growth and development. But with the examples of many eminent people, the author makes it clear that adversity is the cradle of success. 23 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views Did You Have a Tough Childhood? Jill Ammon-Wexler Many claim unhappy and terrible childhood experiences 1 “damage” people in their adult years. But is this necessarily true? Actually, just the opposite seems to be true. Intense difficulties, hardships and major obstacles are actually often major contributors to success. It’s true that difficult childhoods do leave some people wounded and disadvantaged. But for others, a tough childhood actually drives them to remarkable achievement and success! 24 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 2 In a classic book entitled Cradles of Eminence, researchers reviewed the childhood family life of 700 of the world’s most successful people. Their goal was to identify the early experiences that contributed to the remarkable achievements of these successful people. All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal accomplishments. Their names are easily recognizable: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, etc. 25 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 3 What they discovered is truly fascinating! Three-quarters of these successful people (525 of the 700) came from deeply troubled childhoods. They had endured extreme poverty, broken homes, and even parental abuse. Over one-fourth (199 of the 700) had to deal with very serious physical handicaps such as deafness, blindness or crippled limbs. And over 80% of those who became successful writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with intense psychological dramas. 26 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 4 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former US “First Lady” provides an excellent example. Anna lost her parents at the age of 10, and had a very unpleasant childhood. As a young girl she was painfully aware of being very homely. And her childhood writings reveal she never had a sense of “belonging” anywhere, or to anyone. But as she matured, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt refused to remain “disadvantaged. ” She hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful consciousness. 27 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 5 After marrying Franklin D. Roosevelt, she ended up courageously nursing her husband through crippling polio. Then when he was elected to the US Presidency in the depth of the Great Depression, Mrs. Roosevelt quickly transformed the position of First Lady. As First Lady, she became an outspoken supporter for the disadvantaged people of all races, religions and countries. At the same time, she helped her husband manage the White House and raised six children. 28 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 6 After husband’s death, she spent the remainder of her life as a highly respected American spokesperson to the United Nations. At her death, this shy, disadvantaged, homely and withdrawn young woman had become one of the most loved and respected women of her entire generation. 7 Why did this happen? Eleanor Roosevelt made a personal choice to lift herself beyond her perceived “limitations. ” She displayed a tough, unyielding courage, tempered by remarkable self-control and selfdiscipline. 29 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 8 Obstacles and hardships do NOT have to lead to failure. Scientific evidence has proven that “well-being” is NOT always an advantage for either plants or animals. Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited. Biologists refer to this as the “adversity principle. ” 30 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 9 Consider Lou Gehrig: Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood wouldn’t let him play on their baseball team. But he tapped into his resources of inner courage and determination. Lou Gehrig is today listed in the baseball “Hall of Fame” as one of the greatest ball players of all time. 31 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 10 Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who couldn’t read until he was ten years old. Wilson went on in his life to become the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Thomas Edison was deaf. Booker T. Washington was born in slavery, and a “club foot” crippled Lord Byron. The famous writer Robert Louis Stevenson had tuberculosis. Alexander Pope had a hunchback. Yet each of these individuals became famous historic figures in spite of their handicaps. 32 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 11 Helen Keller, who could not hear or see, transformed an entire nation when she graduated with honors from college. She is still a source of inspiration for millions. Then there’s Ludwig van Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his 20 s, and was completely deaf by 50. Yet he created some of the world’s most beautiful music. Beethoven was once overheard shouting at the top of his voice, “I will take life by the throat !” 33 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views 12 Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines its impact on your life. This IS your life! Why not make it all it can be? To become all we can be, we MUST stop making excuses. Use any personal adversity or perceived limitations to do what Beethoven did: Grab life by the throat! And this is a good day to take action to claim stuff more of your true potential. Get past your “old , ” my friend, and fire yourself up ! If not now, when? 34 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text A Discovering the Main Ideas In-Depth Study Unit 7 Voicing Your Views Work in threes or fours and have a group discussion on how adversity might contribute to achievement and success. Adversity might contribute to success in the following ways: • Once a person has experienced both success and adversity, he or she would not feel hopeless in adversity or overjoyed with success, and would always be prepared to overcome difficulties and obstacles on the way to success. • Adversity builds character and fosters resilience and patience. • If one treats adversity as challenge and succeeds in overcoming one’s difficulties, he or she will be tempered and will grow stronger and maturer in character. Meanwhile, he or she will have a sense of fulfilment. 35 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Key Words for Text B accurate component stress ease identity zone convert maintain identification breed pose strategic impulse 36 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Expressions for Text B in the face of draw on throw sb. off balance try for sth. / try out for sth. go for in kind by definition 37 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions 1. Resilience is an emotional muscle that can grow with use and practice — or become weak if ignored. (Para. 1) 1) Please paraphrase this sentence. The nature of resilience is like that of a human muscle: the more you exercise it, the stronger it will be. Leave it aside and it will become weak and lose its function. 2) Translate the following Chinese into English by imitating the above English sentence from the text. 英语也是一种技能，经常使用，经常练习，那么英语能力就会提高。 反之，如果完全忽视它，英语能力自然就会下降。 English is the same as any other skill that can grow with regular use and practice — or become weak if ignored. 38 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions 2. It makes them more hardy in the face of adversity and better able to draw on their cognitive abilities in situations that throw others off balance. (Para. 4) Please translate the following Chinese by using the pattern in the above sentence: “sth. makes sb. + 形容词比较级and + 形 容词比较级. ” 住在村里的这一周使他们更加清楚农村的现状，同时他们也更加渴望 政府制定政策，增加农民收入，使农村孩子不再缺少父母的陪伴。 The week they spent in the village made them better aware of the reality in the countryside and more eager for governments’ policies to improve farmers’ income so that the children will not be starving for their parents’ company. 39 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions 3. It is, in fact, more a learning process than an inherited gift. (Para. 5) Resilience requires being more strategic and less impulsive. (Para. 18) By definition, when you are less reactive, you become more resilient. (Para. 19) 1) Comparative in the above sentences emphasizes contrast of ideas. Please translate the above sentences into Chinese. 事实上，韧性的培养更像一个学习过程，而不是先天禀赋。(Para. 5) 要培养韧性，需要多些策略，少些冲动。(Para. 18) 从定义上来说，没有过激的反应时，你就变得更有韧性。(Para. 19) 40 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions 3. It is, in fact, more a learning process than an inherited gift. (Para. 5) Resilience requires being more strategic and less impulsive. (Para. 18) By definition, when you are less reactive, you become more resilient. (Para. 19) 2) Make up some sentences by yourself, imitating the sample sentences from the text. Success, in my eyes, is more related with hard work than with luck. To live in harmony with your roommates, you need to be more tolerant and less selfish. In fact, when you are less self-centered, you become more likable. 41 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 1 -2 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 What does resilience have in common with a muscle? Q 2 Why do we all need to grow this emotional muscle of resilience? 42 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 3 -5 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 Is resilience an inborn trait according to Ellen Mc. Grath? Q 2 What role does personality play in the development of resilience? Q 3 What helps promote resilience? 43 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 6 -7 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 What is the advice offered in the two paragraphs? Q 2 What difference do you think it will make when you stop thinking of yourself as a victim? 44 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 8 -11 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 What is the advice offered here? Q 2 What is a "comfort zone"? How does our comfort zone influence our lives? Q 3 What are some of the things we can do to go beyond our comfort zone? 45 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 12 -15 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 Why do we need to choose a hero? Q 2 What do you know about Christopher Reeve? Q 3 What do you know about Lance Armstrong? 46 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 16 -17 Q Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Why do we need to push ourselves physically when developing resilience? 47 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Read and Explore – Text B Key Words and Expressions Paras. 18 -19 Difficult Sentences Unit 7 Comprehension Questions Q 1 What does patience have to do with resilience? Q 2 How should we react when someone is rude to us? 48 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Optional Classroom Activities Unit 7 Activity 1: Surf on the Internet for stories of stars of resilience, e. g. Joan of Arc, Christopher Reeve, etc. Share the story you like most with your classmates. 49 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Optional Classroom Activities Unit 7 Activity 2: Do you know what your Adversity Quotient (AQ) is? Find out about it by answering the following “yes” or “no” questions. Score your “yes” and “no” responses and count up the number of “yes” responses you’ve marked. Consult your teacher for the implications of the result. 50 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Optional Classroom Activities QUESTION Unit 7 ANSWER YES NO 1. Are you still full of energy at the end of the day? 2. Do you thrive on challenges and are you usually not frustrated by most difficulties? 3. Do most people consider you optimistic, resilient, and energetic? 4. When adversity strikes, do you keep a cool head and focus on resolving the situation? 5. Do you constantly strive to learn, grow, and improve? 51 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Useful Expressions from Text A Theme-Related Writing Chinese Equivalences major contributors to success 造就成功的主要因素 It’s true that… 的确 a tough childhood drive sb. to remarkable achievement and success 不幸的童年 extreme poverty 极端的贫困 serious physical handicaps 严重的生理残障 a sense of “belonging” in the depth of the Great Depression 归属感 促使某人取得异乎寻常的 成就 在大萧条最严重时 52 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Useful Expressions from Text A Chinese Equivalences an outspoken supporter for ……的公开支持者 display a tough, unyielding courage Obstacles and hardships do not have to lead to failure. graduate with honors from college 显示了坚强不屈的勇气 障碍和困难未必会导致失败。 以优异成绩从大学毕业 get past one’s “old stuff” 忘记“旧事” fire oneself up 让自己振奋起来 53 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Useful Expressions from Text B grow with use and practice Theme-Related Writing Chinese Equivalences in the face of adversity 经常使用和练习就变得更好 面对逆境 an inherited gift 先天禀赋 go beyond one’s comfort zone 走出舒适圈 There is no end to … convert everyday stresses into opportunities for growth develop coping strategies ……数不胜数 把日常生活中的压力转化 为成长的动力 培养应对策略 54 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Grammar task 1: Study the following sentences that appear in this unit and reflect on the subject-verb agreement, and then do the task that follows. 55 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 1) All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal accomplishments. (Para. 2, Text A) 2) What they discovered is truly fascinating! (Para. 3, Text A) 3) Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited. (Para. 8, Text A) 4) Everyone can grow this emotional muscle. Everyone needs to. (Para. 2, Text B) 5) The media offer plenty of possibilities: Christopher Reeve, Lance Armstrong, even Hillary Clinton. (Para. 14, Text B) 6) If someone is rude to you, don’t immediately respond in kind or display contempt. (Para. 19, Text B) 56 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 主谓一致 一、基本语法规则 谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。例如： He works in this factory. c. f. They work in this factory. There is little time left. c. f. There are many guests here. Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes. c. f. Taxes as well as unemployment influence votes. 57 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 二、单数主语 以下形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 1) 不定式短语、动词-ing形式及名词从句。例如： To get there before eight is impossible. Reading makes a wise man. What we need now is more time. 2) 事件、国名、机构名称、书名等。例如： The United Nations was established in 1945. Pride and Prejudice has become a classic. 3) 以下不定代词和限定词作主语或修饰主语时：every, each, everyone, everybody, one, either, neither, many a。例如： Every student is given a handbook. Is either of the books available in your store? Many a student wishes for more freedom in selecting courses. 58 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 三、复数主语 以下不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数：both, few, many, several。例如： Few of my family understand me. Several of the managers are absent now. 四、带有量词的主语与动词的一致 确定核心主语，该主语与动词保持一致。例如： A lot of the equipment is new. c. f. A lot of my friends are here tonight. More than one person is involved in the case. c. f. More than one hundred people were killed in the typhoon. 59 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 五、并列主语 1）由and或both…and连接两个主语时，动词一般用复数，除非 并列主语作为整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或事物。例 如： Both John and Ann are my friends. Riding a bicycle and playing basketball are my greatest pleasure. The editor and publisher of the journal is John Smith. (the editor和 publisher是同一个人) 2）由or, either…or, 或 neither…nor连接两个主语时，动词与最 接近的一个主语一致。例如： Neither the prices nor the quality has changed. c. f. Neither the quality nor the prices have changed. 60 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 六、集体名词作主语时，动词的数取决于主语表示的意义。当主 语表示不可分割的整体时，动词用单数；当主语强调集体中的 每一个成员时，动词用复数。例如： The family is the basic unit of the society. c. f. The family are sitting around the dinner table. 61 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Now do the tasks on Page 218 in your textbook. 62 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Grammar task 2: Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the pronounantecedent agreement, and then do the task in your textbook. 63 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 1. And over 80% of those who became successful writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with intense psychological dramas. (Para. 3, Text A) 2. But Anna Eleanor Roosevelt refused to remain “disadvantaged. ” She hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful consciousness. (Para. 4, Text A) 3. Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood wouldn’t let him play on their baseball team. (Para. 9, Text A) 4. Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines its impact on your life. (Para. 12, Text A) 5. If you are having trouble with a child, remember how much you love him or her. (Para. 10, Text B) 64 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 代词一致 一、基本语法规则 代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词在人称、数、性上保持一 致。 例如：George loves his job. c. f. These women expressed their opinions directly. 二、下列词作主语或修饰主语时，代词一般用单数 every, each, one, either, neither, anybody, nobody, everyone, somebody, no one, nothing, anything, nothing等。 例如：Every citizen should exercise his / her right to vote. 65 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing 三、and连接两个单数名词时，代词用复数。 例如：Tom and Simon sat on the step with their coats on. 四、or或nor连接两个单数名词时，代词用单数；连接两个复数名 词时，代词用复数；连接的两个名词一个为单数，一个是复数， 或一个阳性，一个阴性时，代词与邻近的名词一致。 例如：Did Anny or Lucy lose her bag? c. f. Did Anny or Tim lose his bag? 五、所指代的集体名词根据其具体意义确定代词的数。 例如：My family is large. It is composed of nine members. c. f. My family are always loving and supportive. They never fail me. 66 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Now do the tasks on Pages 218 -219 in your textbook. 67 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Write a short essay entitled “When Facing Adversity. ” The following outline may be of some help. a. The adversity we may encounter in life b. General reactions of people to adversity c. Your own view on dealing with adversity 68 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Sample Writing Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Throughout our lifetime we may encounter many adversities: unable to pay for the education, obstacles in studies and even physical disabilities. Whether we are rich or poor, intelligent or slow, adversity seems the constant companion of many of us. In the face of adversity there are typically two reactions: one is to feel frightened and run away; the other, to face it with courage. But what happens next makes a big difference between the brave and the cowardly. Some people turn away from adversity without even an attempt to make things better; 69 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Sample Writing Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing while others, though frightened emotionally or disadvantaged physically, manage to shake off the initial fear and take hold of their bootstraps to pull themselves out of the bad situations they are in. We should choose the attitude of the latter because running away is not going to solve the problem. In addition, this attitude may lead one to acquire the habit of always thinking negatively and thus limit one’s growth and development. 70 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2

Enhance Your Language Awareness Unit 7 Useful Expressions Grammar in Context Theme-Related Writing Thank You! 71 新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程2