Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Period 3 Subject Clause

• Although loneliness has always been a friend of mine I'm leaving my life in your hands People say ①I'm crazy and that I am blind • Risking it all in a glance ②_____ you got me blind is still a mystery How I can't get you out of my head Don't care ③____ is written in you history what As long as you're here with me who • I don't care ④____ you are，where you're from，what you did _____ As long as you love me Who you are Where you're from Don't care ⑤what you did ____ As long as you love me • Every little thing that you have said and done Feels like it‘s deep within me Doesn’t really matter if you‘re on the run It seems like（as if）⑥ we're meant to be P o o zx xk o o

Grammar Subject（主语） 1. You are a student. 2. Smoking is bad for you. 3. To find your way can be a problem. 4. “How do you do? ” is a greeting. 5. What she said is not yet known. 6. That we shall be late is certain. 7. It is certain that we shall be late. zx xk A sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause.

一主语从句的连接词 1. that 只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充 当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him made him heart-broken. That he is still alive is good news to us. 我们保持平衡饮食有益健康。 That we keep a balanced diet is good for our health. 2. 置于句首只能用whether “是否”，不充当从句的 任何成分。 他是否会参加这个话剧表演是显而易见的 _______________ is clear. Whether he’ll take part in the play _______________(他能否买到飞机票) Whether he can buy the plane tickets doesn’t matter much.

3 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，连接副词 when, where, why, how等包含意思，并在从句中 充当成分。 When she will be back is still a question What you told me just now was really a surprise. Where we will hold the basketball game tomorrow is not important. Which class will win the football game is not clear. Who will meet him is not decided. Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

Who/ whoever/ whomever Who 1. ____ will win the gold medal remains to be seen. 2. Whoeverwants to ask questions is welcome any time. _____ 3. The manager decided to offer the job to whoeverhe _____ believed had a strong sense of duty. 4. ____ you choose as your wife has nothing to Whomever do with me. 5. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. ______ who 6. There is no doubt that anyone _____ doesn’t give in to difficulties will be successful at last.

注： what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区别 what 在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表 语，而that 则不然。 Zx xk What 1)_____ you said yesterday is right. That 2)_____ she is still alive is a consolation（安慰）. That 3)_____ he lost the bike worried him a lot. What 4)_____ caused the accident remains unknown. that 5) What made matters worse was____ night began to fall. _____ What what 6) _____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.

二. it 做形式主语 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语 位置，真正主语搁置于句末。 1）It + be + 名词/形容词 +主语从句 It is important that we all should attend the meeting. It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. It is still a mystery what caused the accident. Exx: 很肯定他会赢得比赛的。 It is certain ________ that he will win the match. the earth goes It is a fact that _______(地球绕着太阳转) around the sun

2）It+不及物动词(seem, happen, matter)+ 主语从句 It seems that he has seen the film. 似乎… It happened that they were absent. 碰巧… 3）It＋过去分词＋从句 It is said that Zhao Benshan will visit our school next week. 据说… It is known to all that Li Hua is the best student in our class. 众所周知… It is decided that… 据决定 It is believed that… 据认为

True or False It 1. This is natural that they should like each other. that ∨ 2. It is true he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. whether 3. It doesn’t matter that he is wrong or not. known 4. It is know to all that Lu Xun is a famous author.

主语从句三要素 How he became a great scientist is known to us all. Is what you told me really true? zx 不 能 省 略 关 联 词 谓 语 动 词 用 单 数 从 句 用 陈 述 语 序 xk

三. 在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。 单数 Whatever he says is of no importance. Whoever says this is wrong． When and where we’ll hold the meeting _____ not been decided yet. A. has B. is C. have D. are 但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要 视句子的意义而定 What I need is money. What I need are books.

改错练习 1. Where shall we spend the holiday isn’t decided. we shall 2. You have made a mistake is a fact. That you have 3. That is certain that we can win. It is 4. No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Whoever 5. If the policemen will come is not certain. whether

whether / that / who / which / when / why /what / how / whoever 1. Who we should invite to open the conference is a question. 2. Whether it should last two days or three days doesn’t matter. 3. Whoever wants the book may have it. . 4. How many people will attend the conference has not been decided. 5. Which team will win the football match is still unknown. 6. It is uncertain when we should hold the conference, in May or June. 7. Why so many people are interested in basketball is what we want to know. 8. That there is life on another planet is almost impossible. 9. It is still unknown who will be sent to the States. 10. What make my life colorful in the school are my good friends and kind teachers.

• 1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago. • 2. What is even more importantis that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. • 3. What many scientists believe • is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

• 4. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. • 5. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come • will depend on whether this problem will be solved.

Practice: (p 29) 2. Do the other astronomers accept his ideas? It remains a question. other astronomers accept his ideas Whether _______________ remains a question. ____________

4. Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research. Why _________________ the earth is becoming warmer is an _________________ important topic for research. Zx xk 5. Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody ___________ that Stephen Hawking ____________________ at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.