Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Period Between the

Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Period Between the Wars 1919 -1941 THE 20’S – INTRO

vocabulary 1. Henry Ford mass production Model T scientific management assembly line 2. consumer revolution installment buying bull market buying on the margin 3. Warren Harding Teapot Dome Scandal 4. Calvin Coolidge Kellogg Briand Pact Dawes Plan 5. Herbert Hoover Andrew Mellon 6. modernism v. fundamentalism Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow Sigmund Freud

7. “Lost Generation” F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Gertrude Stein 8. Mass Culture Charlie Chaplin The Jazz Singer flapper Babe Ruth Charles Lindbergh 9. Harlem Renaissance Louis Armstrong Bessie Smith Harlem Renaissance Claude Mc. Kay Langston Hughes Zora Neal Hurston 10. Black Consciousness Marcus Garvey Back to Africa 11. quota system KKK 12 Prohibition Eighteenth Amendment Volstead Act bootlegger

13. Women flappers 19 th Amendment

1. Henry Ford Post WWI America Henry Ford Model T 1908 $850 1916 $350 1927 $290 scientific mangement

Henry Ford’s Model T Assembly Line Mass production Effects of a Car Revolution: roads new subsidiary jobs rubber gas insurance

2. CONSUMER REVOLUTION Car Revolution and the Sears Catalog 1916 Economy Americans had more money to spend Advertising and credit scientific techniques research all to sell more stuff to Americans Sears and JC Penny's

Wages and Costs Cost of Model T Ford 1908 $850 1916 $350 1927 $290

New Technology: tooth paste! Scientifically proven to help you gain weight!

2. Consumer market Installment buying credit get now what you want now Bull Market Installment buying 90/10 stock prices goes up sell high, pay off balance and make some $$$ what is the risk in the stock declines?

Americans move Cities to suburb movement facilitated by car farmers leave to cities work Empire State building 1931 embodies the glorification of the cities Meanwhile farms in decline

Government and Business Meet the Presidents of the 1920 s Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover

3. Warren Harding 1920 conservative policies favored Big Bus. appointed Andrew Mellon raised tariff by 25%

Teapot Dome Dept of Interior Albert Fall Elk Hills, CA and Teapot Dome, WY oil Navy leased to oilmen bribes 1923 Pres. Harding died Sig: gov’t corrpution

4. Silent Cal Pres. Coolidge frugal creation of wealth benefitted nation reduced nat’l debt trimmed fed budget lowered taxes incentivized big business under Coolidge econ soared

Dawes Plan 1924 US loans to Germany to pay reparations to GB and France Germany paying GB and France helped them to debts to US (our money just getting passed around) Hinge: Germany making payments This flaw will have serious consequences in 1929

5. Kellogg Briand Pact agreement to end all wars forever how nice Senator Kellogg and a french guy, Briand

6. Herbert Hoover Pres. Herbert Hoover laizze faire Andrew Mellon – Secretary of Treasury fed budget reduced favored low taxes in income and corps

7. Modernism science instead of faith, sorry Jesus Charles Darwin and Origin of the Species evolution survival of the fittest natural selection

God vs. Science Scopes: a bio teacher goes against district, teaches Evolution fired ACLU sues attorney: Clarence Darrow Defending God: William Jennings Bryant the great populist and progressive fined $100, Scopes loses God wins sig: cultural debate alive and welll

Modernism: Sigmund Freud contributed to modernism and art science and the brain consciousness sub conscious artists try to explore the mind

Modern Art Realism Showed city life (many concentrated on the loneliness created by the industrial revolution)

Modern Art Abstract Art lines, colors, and shapes You may not recognize the subject

Modern Art Surrealism Rejects rational thought Tries to show the unconscious mind

7. LOST Generation the white writers) Post WWI losses of war huge pointless apathy malaise noted writers: Hemingway Fitzgerald

Literature Gertrude Stein – her home was a gathering place for writers in Paris F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (about a guy who wants to be one of the wealthy upper class) In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another. By seven o’clock the orchestra had arrived, no thin five-piece affair, but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones… People were not invitedthey went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island, and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. ” The book ends with a tragic meaningless death

8. Mass Culture New technology used to entertain “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Edison and the NJ movie industry moves to sunny LA

Jazz Singer

Movies New technology used to entertain “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Edison and the NJ movie industry moves to sunny LA

Movies Cont’ creation of a national culture huge movie houses in cities reflected the popularity of films expressed the contrasting themes of passion and social conformity Movie stars became key figures in the emergence of celebrities in popular culture

9. Harlem Renaissance An African American literacy and artistic movement Writer associated HR Langston Hughes, "Song to A Negro Wash Woman" and “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain“ Back-to-Africa Movement encourage racial pride self-pride among African Americans

The Harlem Renaissance Many African Americans moved to Northern cities for jobs but still faced discrimination 200, 000 African Americans moved to Harlem, New York and mixed with immigrants

Harlem Renaissance African American Literature told of pain and joy of being black in the US Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston celebrated African American Culture

Jazz African American music form becomes wildly popular Original music hated by adults Louis Armstrong “Duke” Ellington Bessie Smith

10. Marcus Garvey advocated the Back to Africa Movement

11. Quota System Nativists: oppose 1882 restrict Chinese failed SE Europeans Congress literacy tests Wilson vetoed, Congress overrode Red Scare Quota Act 1921 National Origins Act 1924 formula: 2% of pop. , based on 1890 census did not apply to Mexcio

Ku Klux Klan members were of Nordic descent believed in white supremacy Along with immigration restriction league experienced an increase in membership during the 1920 s

12. Prohibition Temperance first brought up in 1830 s End drinking; end crime 1919 18 th Amendment Rural Americans and small town residents biggest supporters Started in the Midwest The Untouchables Rise of Organized Crime Volstead Act enforcement power

13. Women flappers new role freedom 1921 19 th Amendment women get the vote WWI and Wilson

Inventions Change the US 1. What invention led to great wealth in the 1920? automobile 2. Who was the leading car maker in the US during the 1920’s? Ford 3. What method did Ford use to make cars? Assembly line 4. What was Ford’s most popular car? Model T Fords

The Car Improves Economy 5. What do you think Ford did to encourage people to work for him? Increased Wages ($2. 35 to $5. 00/day) make people work only 8 hours/day and gave weekends off 6. Why do you think that was helpful to Ford? People could afford to buy cars (and other goods), they also had time to enjoy their cars, also Ford never had labor shortages

The Car Improves Economy 7. What other impacts do you think the car had? Steel, glass, rubber, asphalt, wood, gasoline, insurance, road-construction, diners, motor hotels (motels), and suburb growth.

Consumer Revolution 8. What were some other new products people began buying in the 1920’s? Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, irons, radios, refrigerators. 9. How could people afford to buy all of this new stuff? Installment buying (buying on credit) – in the stock market it’s called buying on the margin, which was OK since it was a Bull market (rising quickly)

Where people live 10. Where do you think most people wanted to live in the 1920’s? Cities (remember the Great Migration), skyscrapers made it possible for more people to live there Also suburbs – people have cars! 11. What people missed out on the great benefits of the 1920’s? Farmers, also the poor workers in the cities