Unit 10 The English Language Structure Introduction Activity

Unit 10 The English Language Structure Introduction Activity Main Teaching Points Practice III Practice IV Practice V Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Structures Lost and Found Introduction Activity Read a short dialogue to the students two or three times and ask them to tell the sentences containing was going to, was about to and had hoped to.

Unit 10 The English Language Structures Lost and Found Introduction Activity 1. I didn’t think it was going to be so hot today. 2. Are you going to swim? 3. I was going to do so but I couldn’t find my bathing-suit. 4. I was just about to tell you when you started talking about it. 5. I had hoped to buy a new one actually. 6. She said she was going to ask your mother what she thought. 7. My guess is that she was going to come out against it.

Unit 10 The English Language Structures Lost and Found Main Teaching Points 1. The future expressed by be about to The concert is just about to start. 2. be going to in the past expressing “unfulfilled intention” I was going to take swimming lessons, but I was so busy preparing for the exams that I had no time for the lessons. 3. The past perfect used in the hardly…when… pattern They had hardly begun eating when the rain poured down.

Unit 10 The English Language Structures Lost and Found Main Teaching Points 4. The past perfect of hope + infinitive expressing “an unfulfilled wish” John had hoped to study in a medical school, but his color-blindness prevented him from doing so. 5. The simple past in the It’s time (subject +past-tense verb) It’s time he worked on his own.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice I Directions: Listen to the recording and complete the dialogues. Then make similar dialogues with your partner by using the cues. A: How much longer do I have to wait before the concert starts? B: What time is it now? A: Twenty-eight minutes past seven by my watch? B: Don’t worry. The concert’s just about to start.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice I 【Cues of Practice I】 1. The concert starts at half past seven. 2. The ship sails at twelve noon. 3. The conducted tour of the city begins at half past eight. 4. The volleyball match begins at a quarter past seven in the evening. 5. The reading room opens at half past seven. 6. The opera begins at twenty to eight. 7. The plane takes off at five thirty. 8. The train leaves at nine twenty.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice II A Did you take swimming lessons during the summer : holiday, Betty? B : A : No, I didn’t. Why didn’t // Why not? // You said you were you? going to do that? B Yes, I was going to take swimming lessons, but I : was so busy preparing for my exams that I had no time for the lessons.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice II 【Cues of Practice II】 1. Betty did not take the swimming lessons during the summer holidays, because she was busy preparing for the exams, and so she had no time. 2. Mary did not call on Professor Blake when he was in Shanghai, because she had gone to Xi’an on business, and so she missed the opportunity. 3. Class Four students did not go on a picnic on Sunday, because it rained cats and dogs all day that day, and so they had to stay in school. 4. Jim did not play at the intercollegiate football match, because he had sprained his ankle, and so he was forced to withdraw.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice II 【Cues of Practice II】 5. Susan did not telephone Ted to ask for a book on gardening, because her cousin came and took her to the pictures, and so Susan forgot about the book. 6. Clara did not make a trip to Paris last month, because her mother had a bad fall and broke her arm, and so she had to take care of her mother. 7. Professor Yu did not attend the International Symposium on the Teaching of English in the Chinese Context last year because he was on a lecture tour in England, and so he just missed it.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice III A: Jane and her friends went picnicking on Sunday, I heard. B: Yes, they did. A: Did they have a good time? / Did they enjoy themselves? B: No. They’d hardly begun eating when the rain poured down.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice III 【Cues of Practice III】 1. Jane and her friends went picnicking on Sunday. Just as they were beginning to eat, the rain poured down. 2. Tom went mountain-climbing last weekend. Just as he was beginning to climb, he tripped over a stone. 3. Pat went swimming yesterday afternoon. Just as she was getting into the water, she was seized with cramp. 4. Dick went cycling the other day. Just as he had ridden about half a mile, he was knocked down by a car. 5. Harry went horseback-riding last Saturday. Just as he was getting onto the horse’s back, he fell and broke his leg. 6. Bob went fishing last Saturday. Just as he was sitting down, he slipped and fell into the river.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice IV A: Liu must be enjoying his life at the medical school. B: But he never went there. A: No? He had hoped to study there, hadn’t he? B: Yes. But his color-blindness prevented him from doing so.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice IV 【Cues of Practice IV】 Unfulfilled wish Reason why it is unfulfilled 1. study in a medical school color-blindness 2. be an engineer failure to complete college courses 3. work in a city hospital country people’s need for medical service 4. go to Xi’an to see the terracotta army a car accident 5. take part in the annual track events his sudden illness 6. be a university student failure to pass the entrance examination

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice V A: Has Gerald learned how to operate this machine on his own? B: No, not yet. A: But it’s a month since he started doing it. It’s time he worked on his own.

Unit 10 The English Language Practice Lost and Found Practice V 【Cues of Practice V】 1. It’s a month since Gerald began to operate this machine. He ought to have learned how to work on his own now. 2. It’s only a few weeks before Vera finishes school. She ought to make a decision now as to what to do next. 3. It is a week since he was detained by the police. He ought to tell the truth about his petty theft now. 4. It’s only three weeks before the exams begin. Paul ought to get fully prepared for them now. 5. It is a fortnight since he began to have very bad toothache. He ought to go to see his dentist now. 6. It’s two weeks since John lost his last job. He ought to look for a job.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found conducted tour: a tour of a building, city, or area with someone who tells you about that place

Unit 10 The English Language rain cats and dogs: rain very hard Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found sprain: v. to damage a joint in your body by suddenly twisting it

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found ankle: n. the joint between your foot and your leg

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found detain: v. to officially prevent someone from leaving a place e. g. : Two suspects have been detained by the police for questioning.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue I Dialogue Comprehension Questions Conversational Strategy Role Play Dialogue II Phrases, Sentences and Expressions Dialogue Oral Practice

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue I Dialogue Lost and Found A: Hi, Ben. B: Hi, Tony. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been? A: My wife and I traveled around the world for most of the past year. B: What a terrific experience! Did you have a good time? A: Sure. Most of the time, I mean. B: Did you come upon anything unpleasant?

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue A: Well, when we first started on our sabbatical trip, I’d hoped to fully relax after five years of strenuous work at the university. B: You deserve it. A: Yeah, but we only relaxed for two days, then. . . B: What happened? A: On the third day, Fanny and I were walking along an avenue in a Mediterranean metropolis looking at the window display when three young men came sauntering towards us. Suddenly one bumped into me

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue and another tripped on something beside me. And the third stepped on Fanny’s toes. Later that day, just when we were about to pay for a set of glassware at a souvenir shop, I found my wallet was gone! B: Oh, no. The pickpockets got you, to say the least. A: Believe it or not, we experienced similar tricks in some big cities in other countries, too. B: I’m sorry to hear that. A: So when we arrived in China, which was our last stop, we had become extra careful with our possessions.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue B: Naturally. I would, too. Did you have any unpleasant experience in China? A: No, no more of these. On the contrary, things lost were recovered, sort of automatically, too. B: Tell me about it. A: The minute we landed in Beijing, we got really excited. We had at last come to the site of the renowned Oriental Dragon, a country with five thousand years of history behind her! In our great excitement, we left a small suitcase in the taxi, but we didn’t realize that

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue until we were in our hotel room. My wife was just about to call the receptionist when we heard a knock on the door. It was a travel service man with our precious suitcase in his hand. B: You were lucky. These days there aren’t very many big cities where you can wander about in the streets without worrying about your personal security or possessions. Beijing is perhaps among the few cities where you needn’t worry. A: But we were still a bit on the lookout. It was only after Fanny’s purse was returned that we became fully relaxed.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue B: What happened this time? A: We were in the crowded Wangfujing Department Store. Fanny was very happy with three lovely stuffed pandas she’d bought, so happy that she left the cash register without her purse. It had our passports, credit cards and a fairly large sum of cash. B: What a shame! A: But the purse was sent to our hotel in almost no time. I mean we got it even before we went back to the hotel.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Dialogue Nothing in it was touched. We learned that a customer found the purse and handed it to the security guard, who in turn gave it to the manager on duty. They found our hotel check-in slip and sent it there through express mail service. B: You were lucky once again. A: Yes, we were lucky in a city and a country where the government and the people care about overseas tourists.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found sabbatical trip: A sabbatical is, in a school, college, or university in a Western country, a year of release from normal teaching duties. A sabbatical trip is a trip taken during the sabbatical.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found The pickpockets got you, to say the least. — The pickpockets succeeded in stealing your wallet from you, that is the least I can say. The phrase to say the least suggests that a situation is actually much more serious than it seems.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found sort of automatically: in a way / rather automatically; (things lost came back) by themselves in some way

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found behind her: in the past. Her is used to refer to “a country…” The third person singular pronoun she / her is often used as a pronoun for a country, as in this case, for China.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found a bit on the lookout: somewhat paying attention to things around us

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Wangfujing Department Store: 王府井百货公司

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found check-in slip: a slip of paper to show that one has arranged to stay in a hotel 旅客住宿证

Unit 10 The English Language express mail service: 邮政特快专递 Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found strenuous: adj. needing a lot of effort or strength

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found metropolis: n. a very large city that is the most important city in a country or in an area

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found saunter: v. to walk in a slow relaxed way, especially so that you look confident or proud e. g. : He came sauntering down the road with his hands in his pockets.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found bump: v. hit or knock against something e. g. : The roof was so low he bumped his head (=his head hit the roof).

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found trip: v. to hit something with your foot by accident so that you fall or almost fall e. g. : That cable is dangerous. Someone might trip over it.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found souvenir: n. something you buy or keep to help you remember a holiday or special event

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found wallet: n. a small flat case for holding paper money, carried especially by a man purse: n. a small bag used especially by a woman for carrying money

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found pickpocket: n. someone who steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found possession: n. something that you own or have with you at a particular time

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found receptionist: n. someone whose job is to welcome and deal with people arriving in a hotel or office building, visiting a doctor, etc.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found stuffed: adj. covered and filled with soft material

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found cash register: a machine used in shops to keep the money in and record the amount of money received from each sale

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 1. Why did Tony and his wife grow more and more worried by 2. people’s dishonesty when they were traveling? Tony’s wallet was stolen as he and his wife were traveling in a Mediterranean metropolis. What’s more, they had similar experience in some big cities in other countries. So they grew more and more worried by people’s dishonesty. 2. When and where did they change their view? What made them do so? They changed their view in Beijing, China when their lost suitcase was found and sent back to them.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 3. Does Tony think that his wife was lucky in getting the purse back? Why? Yes, he thinks so as he thinks they were lucky in a city and a country where the government and the people care about overseas tourists. 4. Have you had any personal experience like the couple? If you have, tell what happened. Open answer.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Conversational Strategy About greeting 1. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been? 2. Long time no see. Yeah. How have you been doing? I’ve been alright. 3. What have you been doing? working. Just 4. What have you been up to? Nothing much.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue I Role Play Traffic Problems in a Big City Situation: Li Ming is a day student. He / She lives on the other side of the city. Wang Fang’s family is in a suburban town. He / She goes home every other week. It is Monday today. The traffic in the morning was very annoying. They are talking about their experiences on their way to the university.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Role Play Roles: Li — displeased with the traffic jam This morning he / she left a thirty-minute margin but he / she was still late for class. Wang — pleased with the long suburban bus ride, but annoyed by the journey in the city. This morning, it took him / her two hours to get to the university.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue I Role Play Some phrases and sentence frames you might use: honking of the car horns be crammed in the crowd jamming of the buses drive through thoroughfares streams of cars change buses long wait at the crossroads wait for the traffic lights to Sample change

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue I Lost and Found Role Play Wang: Today you were late again! Li: I had hoped that I would be twenty minutes earlier so that I could tidy up my drawers in the classroom. Wang: Was the traffic terrible? Li: Oh, more than that. First, I was pushed out of the queue by a few late-comers. Then, I struggled to get onto the bus. The situation seemed to be worse. I was crammed in the crowd and it was hard for me to find a proper place to stand. What’s more, the bus had to drive through quite a number of thoroughfares. Most of the time I had to wait for a long time for the traffic lights to change. I got more and more impatient! Wang: How awful it is! I have this kind of feeling too…

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions Socializing, Part 1 — Greeting and Leaving Friends 1. Greeting an acquaintance Hello, (Mr. Little). How are you? things? (Good) Morning, (Mrs. Smith). (Good) Afternoon, (Jo / Bob). How’s life?

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions 2. How to reply to a greeting Oh, hello, (Mr. Linden), fine, thanks. And you? (Mrs. Snow), all right, (Jim / Ben), not too bad, very well,

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II 3. Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions How to make a comment about the weather Good Weather Nice / Very nice Nice and warm / Nice and hot Beautiful Reply (today, ) Marvelous weather, isn’t it? Yes, beautiful! very nice! wonderful! marvelous! Bad Weather A bit Rather Very cold / windy wet / cloudy overcast Terrible weather, (today, ) Reply isn’t it? Yes, dreadful! horrible! terrible! awful!

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions 4. How to ask after a friend How’s your (brother) these days? / your (wife)? / your family? / Jane? / Caroline? / Walter? Your family / Children / all right? / okay? / doing fine? Frank

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions 5. How to take your leave Well, I must be off now / I must be going. I (really) can’t stay (any longer). I’d better be going, (I suppose). (I’ve got a dentist’s appointment at three o’clock. ) Bye! / Byebye! See you! Cheerio! So long!

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Phrases, Sentences and Expressions 6. How to respond to a farewell greeting Yes, I suppose it’s time I Good-bye! Bye-bye! / (went home) too / I Bye! must go too. Cheerio! / So long! see you (later) then / be seeing you. fine / okay.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue II Dialogue Margaret and Helen meet each other while shopping one day. M: Hello, Helen. How are you? I haven’t seen you for ages. H: Hello. What a surprise meeting you like this! I'm fine, thanks. And you? M: Not too bad. But the weather could be better! H: Yes, isn’t it dreadful?

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Dialogue II Dialogue M: How’s John these days? Is he better now? H: Yes, thank you. He’s much better now. He came out of hospital last week. M: Oh, good! H: And your family? All right? M: Yes, no problems there. Graham’s busy with his exams at the moment.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Dialogue H: Oh, that’s always a terrible time for the whole family, isn’t it? Well, I’d better be going, I think. I’ve got an appointment at the hairdresser’s at three o’clock. M: Yes, I must go too. Be seeing you, Helen. Cheerio! H: Bye!

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found cheerio: an informal way of saying goodbye

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Oral Practice Take turns to greet someone, make comments about the weather, ask after a friend or a relative, and take your leave. The other person responds accordingly. Reasons for leaving are in brackets. 1. Liz meets Carol at the bus stop. It’s extremely hot. (lecture in half an hour) Sample 2. Bob meets Mrs. Jones outside the post office. Bob is wearing a T-shirt and dark sun-glasses. (catch bus in 5 minutes) 3. Mr. Forest meets Miss Fields on the university campus. It’s raining. (meeting at two o’clock)

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Oral Practice 4. Arthur meets Kate outside the library. There was a shower last night. There are heavy black clouds in the sky. (football match at 3: 30 this afternoon) 5. Professor White meets one of his students on the crowded bus one morning. They are both wearing thick coats, gloves and scarves. It is very windy. (getting off at the next stop) Sample

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Lost and Found Oral Practice Reference for Topic 1: L: C: Hello, Carol. How’s life? Not too bad, thanks, and you? Pretty good. Nice and hot day, isn’t it? Yes, marvelous. Unfortunately I’ve got an exam today. The weather always turns far too hot at the beginning of the exam period, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. But, never mind. I’m sure it’ll go well. How are your parents these days? Oh, they’re fine. Still very active and enjoying their retirement. Oh, good. That’s nice to hear. Well, I really can’t stay any longer, Carol. I’ve got a lecture in half an hour. Good luck with the exam! Thanks. Be seeing you. Bye.

Unit 10 The English Language Dialogue II Reference for Topic 5: Lost and Found Oral Practice S: Good morning, Professor White. How are you? Prof: Oh, hello, Joe. Very well, thank you. I didn’t see you at first. The bus is so crowded today. S: Yes, it’s a bit warmer on the bus, though. Rather windy today, isn’t it? Prof: Yes, horrible. How’s your girl friend? Susan, isn’t it? S: Yes, Susan. Oh, she’s fine, thank you. As soon as I graduate, I think we’re going to set a wedding date. Prof: Oh, congratulations! Well, I must be going, Joe. I’m getting off at the next stop. S: OK. Be seeing you then, Professor. Bye. Prof: So long, Joe.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Pre-reading Questions Text Comprehension Questions Text Analysis Reading II Pre-reading Questions Text Comprehension Questions Text Analysis Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Pre-reading Questions 1. How long have you been learning English? 2. Do you like English? What is your reason? 3. Do you think English is difficult to learn? If yes, what makes it so difficult? 4. Do you like English grammar? Why or why not? 5. Are the grammatical rules in English very strict? Give some examples. 6. Do you know any other foreign language? Is it also very difficult to learn? 7. Do you think some languages are related to each other? If yes, which languages do you think are related to English? Which languages are related to Chinese?

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Reading I Text The English Language, Part I Like a living organism, a language has an unbroken history which goes back so far in time that scholars are not able to find its ultimate origin. Every language is part of a specific linguistic family, which in turn is part of a larger linguistic family. People who speak English, for example, are often surprised to learn that it is a member of the Germanic language family and that, ultimately, it is part of a much larger group of languages called the Indo-European family. This latter family is the largest linguistic family on the globe, comprising the chief languages of Europe together with Indo-Iranian and other Asiatic tongues.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text Thus, Modern English is distantly related to many languages, among them Russian, Iranian, and Greek. In vocabulary, a large percentage of English words come from French and Latin; English is more closely related in grammar, however, to Dutch, German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic. Unfortunately, the fact that one’s native language is related to another language doesn’t help a great deal when one starts to learn the other language. Even though languages such as English and Dutch are closely related and are quite similar in some respects, still each one actually operates in a system of its own. Each system includes the particular sounds, stresses, and intonation patterns that are used by speakers of that system. Each language has its own strict grammatical rules pertaining to the ways words are formed and put together in sentences. And each language determines the meanings which words may have in given situations.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text When one is endeavoring to learn a language, its grammatical rules may seem very strict, but actually the rules do permit slight variations that do not make a great deal of difference in meaning or seriously interfere with the clarity of communication. When variations of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation accumulate through centuries, however, languages within a single language family become quite different from one another. Such changes also account for the development with a particular language. For instance, if a student were to read or hear the English that was used in the nineteenth century, he would realize that pronunciation and grammar have changed somewhat since that time. He would also note how vocabulary has changed, as well as grown.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found the English: Note the use of the definite article the before English here. It refers to the particular kind of English that was used in the nineteenth century.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found organism: n. a single living plant, animal, virus, etc.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found comprise: v. to consist of particular parts, groups, etc. e. g. : The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.

Unit 10 The English Language tongue: n. a language Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found operate: v. to (cause to) work, be in action or have an effect e. g. : Changes are being introduced to make the department operate more efficiently.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found pertain to: to be connected with a particular subject, event or situation e. g. : We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that pertain to local issues.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found given: adj. any particular time, situation, amount, etc. that is being used as an example e. g. : The rules are to be followed in any given situation.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found endeavor: v. to try to do something e. g. : Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found variation: n. a difference between similar things, or a change from the usual amount or form of something e. g. : The study concluded that the variation between the CD players was very small.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found interfere with: to prevent something from working effectively or from developing successfully e. g. : Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found account for: to be the reason why something happens e. g. : Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found note: v. to notice or pay careful attention to something e. g. : Please note that the bill must be paid within ten days.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 1. Why does the author compare a language with a living 2. organism? Because both a language and a living organism have an unbroken history and keep changing and developing. 2. Which language family does English belong to? English belongs to Germanic language family. 3. What languages does the Indo-European family comprise? Indo-European family comprises the chief languages of Europe together with Indo-Iranian and other Asiatic tongues.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 4. What languages is Modern English distantly related to? Modern English is distantly related to Russian, Iranian and Greek. 5. From what languages has English borrowed many words? Many English words come from French and Latin. English words borrowed from Latin: a. focus, alumnus, esteem, species, process, enterprise and so on b. Abbreviations like i. e. , e. g. , etc. , a. m. , p. m. English words borrowed from French: a. About government and administration: state, country, power, duty b. About cuisine: dinner, jelly, boil, fry, toast, soup, fry, canteen, buffet c. About fashion: embroidery, lace, fur, robe, veil, dress, coat

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 6. What languages is English related to in grammar? English is closely related in grammar to Dutch, German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic. 7. Is Dutch easy for an Englishman to learn? No, as each one operates in a system of its own though English and Dutch are closely related to each other.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 8. What is it that causes the languages within a single language family to become different from one another? Does this happen to one particular language in different periods of time, too? Each language operates in a system of its own which includes the particular sounds, stresses, and intonation patterns that are used by speakers of that system. Each language has its own strict grammatical rules pertaining to the ways words are formed and put together in sentences. And each language determines the meanings which words may have in given situations. This is also true to one particular language in different periods of time.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 9. How does a particular language develop? A language system permits slight variations that do not make a great deal of difference in meaning or seriously interfere with the clarity of communication. When variations of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation accumulate through centuries, however, languages within a single language family become quite different from one another. That’s how a particular language develops. It changes in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text Analysis 1. Indo-European language family Indo-European Germanic Indo. Celtic Italic Hellenic Balto. Slavonic Iranian Low German Latin Classical Old Norse Greek Anglo-Saxon

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Old English Frisian Flemish Dutch German Breton Manx Scots Gaelic Irish Gaelic Icelandic Norwegian Welsh Swedish Danish Lost and Found Text Analysis Romanian Lithuanian Hindi French Modern Russian Punjabi Portuguese Greek Serbo-Croat Bengali Spanish Polish Romany Italian Czech Sanskrit

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text Analysis Questions: a. What can we know from the family tree? From the family tree we can see that a surprising number of modern languages are related by way of a common ancestor. b. Why modern English does not appear in the table? This is because modern English, uniquely amongst Indo-European languages in the last thousand years, is a blend of French and Old English (with elements of Latin and Scandinavian) making it both Italic (or Romance) and Germanic. It is this blend which gives us such a large vocabulary and a flexibility to adapt to circumstances. The “mongrel” language continues to adapt while other languages try to keep out foreign influences.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text Analysis 2. Find out the topic sentence in each paragraph. Para 1: Each language is part of a specific linguistic family, which in turn is part of a larger linguistic family. (Sentence Two) Para 2: Modern English is related to many languages. (Sentence One) Para 3: Each language actually operates in a system of its own. (Sentence Two) Para 4: the development and changes of languages

Unit 10 The English Language Reading I Lost and Found Text Analysis 3. Structure of the text The relation between language and linguistic family → The relation between Modern English and other languages → How each language works → Variations of language

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Pre-reading Questions 1. Is English language used in fourteenth century the same as the language used now? If not, how has it changed? 2. Do you know Chaucer? Who was he? 3. Have you ever heard of The Canterbury Tales? What is it about? 4. In what countries and areas is English spoken as native language? 5. Have you noticed the differences between British English and American English? Give a few examples. 6. Why is English used by more and more people?

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Reading II Text The English Language, Part II People who have spoken English all their lives are usually surprised to learn that Old English, which was spoken in the British Isles from about 450 to 1100 A. D. , is like a foreign language to them. To understand it, they must study it in school, just as they would study Spanish, Latin, or Japanese. Many of the sounds of Old English, as well as the grammar and a great deal of the vocabulary, are different form those of Modern English. The spelling is so different that, without special study, one cannot read the language at all.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text The language of Chaucer’s time, known as Middle English, is more like Modern English; even so, most people feel at a loss when they first start to read it and find that they need special instruction. The language of Shakespeare’s time is sometimes called Early Modern English, but most students of English need some help in order to read Shakespeare’s play intelligently. Shakespeare’s vocabulary was large, and the words he used often had different meanings from what they have today. His grammar, too, was different form modern grammar, especially in word order. Even in Modern English there are variations in usage from place to place. For instance, the English used by an Australian is not exactly like that used by a Canadian. But most educated speakers of English have little trouble communicating with each other, r e g a r d l e s s o f w h a t p a r t o f t h e w o r l d t h e y c o m e f r o m.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text As was pointed out earlier, there is enough tolerance within any language so that minor variations in pronunciation, grammar, and word usage do not interfere with communication, even though another’s use of the language may sometimes seem a little strange. English is not unique in this respect. Every living language grows and changes, losing some sounds, grammatical features, and words, while changing others and adding new ones. Thus, your own language will surely continue to develop in the future. These changes are interesting to observe. What does make English unique is the unusual increase in the number of people who speak it. As recently as the sixteenth century, English was spoken by as few as three million people, most of whom lived in England. Today, more people speak English than any other

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text single language. It is the mother tongue of well over three hundred million people and the second language for many millions more. Over two hundred million of the native speakers of English live in the United States, but English is the native language of people living all around the globe, with more than fifty million speakers in the British Isles, fifteen million in Canada, twelve million in Australia, and a total of over ten million in New Zealand, South Africa, the Philippines, and other places. English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature in the world. And so much other writing has been done in English that a person who knows this language has a tool with which he can explore every known field of study. Not only has a great body of writing been produced in English, but most of the significant literature and information produced in other languages has been translated into English.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text A Few Words in Old English: i c Modern English: I Old English: thu Modern English: thou Old English: wit Modern English: we two Old English: g it Modern English: you two

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text Old English: we Modern English: we Old English: ge Modern English: you A Few Lines from Chaucer’s Prologue to The Canterbury Tales A knyght ther was and that a worthy man, That fro the tyme that he first bigan To riden out, he loved chivalrie, Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Old English, Middle English: These terms are capitalized and they take no article before them.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Chaucer, Geoffrey (about 1340? — 1400): Chaucer is considered the greatest literary figure of his time and one of the most important of English poets.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found there is enough tolerance within any language — any language allows for some features which do not conform to those of its own 任何语言都允许一定程度的变体

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found As recently as the sixteenth century, English was spoken by as few as three million people — The two as…as phrases are used to emphasize the recentness of the time and the fewness of the English speakers in contrast with the very large number of speakers of English today, which is only about five hundred years from the sixteenth century.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found A knyght ther was etc. — Rendered into modern English, these lines read as follows: A knight there was and that a worthy man, That from the time that he first began To ride out, he loved chivalry, Truth and honour, freedom and courtesy.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found isle: n. (used especially in place names) an island

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found at a loss: confused, uncertain about ( what it is) e. g. : I’m at a loss to know how I can help you.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found intelligently: adv. able to learn and understand things easily

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found regardless of: without being affected or influenced by something e. g. : The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found body of something: the main, central, or most important part of something e. g. : The arguments are explained in the body of the text.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 1. When and where was Old English used? How is it different 2. from Modern English? Old English was used in the British Isles from about 450 to 1100 A. D. . Many of its sounds, as well as the grammar and a great deal of the vocabulary, are different from those of Modern English. The spelling is also different. 2. When was Middle English used? Middle English was used in Chaucer’s time, that is from about 1340 to 1400.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 3. Why is Shakespeare’s language difficult to understand? Because Shakespeare’s vocabulary was large, and the words he used often had different meanings from what they have today. His grammar, too, was different from modern grammar, especially in word order. 4. Can an Australian communicate with a Canadian easily? Why or why not? Yes, they can because they both speak English and the minor variations within the language they speak do not interfere with communication.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 5. Besides English, do other languages have minor variations in usage from place to place? Yes, English is not unique in this respect. Every living language grows and changes, losing some sounds, grammatical features, and words, while changing others and adding new ones. 6. What makes English unique? What makes English unique is the unusual increase in the number of people who speak it.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Comprehension Questions 7. In which countries and areas is English spoken as native language? In Great Britain, British Isles, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Philippines, and other places. 8. Why is English very useful? Because English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature in the world. And so much other writing has been done in English that a person who knows this language has a tool with which he can explore every known field of study.

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text Analysis 1. Examples of sound change Middle English Modern English /mi: s/ /mais/ /maus/ mice mouse /mu: s/

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text Analysis 2. Examples of vocabulary change a. Addition of new words motel = motor + hotel radar: radio detecting and ranging Taikonaut b. Loss of words The following words, taken from Romeo and Juliet, have faded out of the English language. beseem: to be suitable wot: to know gyve: a fetter

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Reading II 3. Changes in the meanings of words Old Meaning Text Analysis New Meaning holiday holy day any rest day tail that of a horse that of any animal meat deer food any animal edible part of animal disease girl discomfort young person of either sex a particular species illness female young person silly happy foolish criticize appraise find fault with vulgar common rude

Unit 10 The English Language Reading II Lost and Found Text Analysis 4. Find out the topic or topic sentence of each paragraph a. Para 1: Old English is quite different from Modern English. b. Para 2: Citing examples to elucidate Para. 1: People often feel puzzled at works in Middle English and Early Modern English. c. Para 3: Minor variations within any language do not interfere with communication. d. Para 4: What does make English unique is the unusual increase in the number of people who speak it. (This sentence echoes the sentence in Para. 3: English is not unique in this e. Para 5: respect. ) The significance of English: English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature in the world.

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Vocabulary Work Spot Dictation Translation Guided Writing Note Writing Additional Reading Exercise Lost and Found

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work A. Fill in each blank with a proper word from below. about different just person something another experiences may policeman street around experiments measuring psychologists trying approach find minds result what case goes one scene who control jam perceive see you Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street you corner and tell you what they see. Chances are that (1) will ___ different person ______ receive three (2) answers. Each (3) sees the same _____ scene ____ something (4) , but each perceives (5) different about it. _______

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work about different just person something another experiences may policeman street around experiments measuring psychologists trying approach find minds result what case goes one scene who control jam perceive see you _____ goes minds Perceiving (6) on in our (7) . Of the three people (8) ___ who one ___ look out the window, (9) may say that he sees a (10) Another ______ giving a motorist a ticket. (11) may say that he policeman ____ jam sees ___ (12) a rush-hour traffic (13) at the intersection. The third ___ trying may (14) tell you that he sees a woman (15) to cross the ____

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work about different just person something another experiences may policeman street around experiments measuring psychologists trying approach find minds result what case goes one scene who control jam perceive see you street ____ (16) with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s case ___ what interpretation of (17) the senses — in this (18) our eyes ____ — tell us. psychologists Many (19) today are working to try to determine _____ just experiences (20) how a person (21) or perceives the world _________

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work about different just person something another experiences may policeman street around experiments measuring psychologists trying approach find minds result what case goes one scene who control jam perceive see you around _____ (22) him. Using a scientific (23) , these approach _______ experiments psychologists set up (24) in which they can (25) control _____ measuring results all of the factors. By (26) and charting the (27) ________ find ___ of many experiments, they are trying to (28) out what makes about ____ perceive different people (29) totally different things (30) the ______ same scene.

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work B. Fill in each blank with a preposition. of __ The twentieth century has seen a large number (1) changes __ in of __ (2) the way people think and act. One (3) the most important from at changes is (4) the speed (5) which we can get (6) one in ____ __ __ to __ country (7) another. If a businessman has to travel (8) Paris, to __ from the flight will only take him an hour (9) London, although he ____ __ to from __ will have to get (10) and (11) the airport. He can get (12) to ____ within to _____ __ Japan or America (13) a day and even a trip (14) to __ Australia seems quite easy. We can telephone directly (15) of __ almost all parts (16) the world and it makes a great difference for to __ __ (17) a foreign visitor (18) Britain to be able to ring up her

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work in for __ __ sister (19) Spain or (20) a young French girl to be able to in __ ring her mother (21) Paris. I personally regret the passing (22) by of __ the time when we traveled (23) train and sea but I can see __ of __ all the advantages (24) land sea travel.

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work C. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. ____ B 1. More recently, researchers have turned their attention to the study of variation patterns in American English and to the social and historical sources of these patterns. A. linguist B. linguistic C. lingual D. lexical A 2. Arms race is an intense competition between nations to ____ 3. technologically advanced and militarily strategic weapon systems. A. strengthen B. collect C. heap D. accumulate

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work ____ D 3. In his speech, there is no information to the recent development in cancer research. A. belonging B. bringing C. leading D. pertaining 4. For some serious coin collectors, a coin with a different date, mint ____ D (制币厂) mark, and even a little in design is counted as a different coin. A. contrast B. diversity C. variety D. variation

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work 5. The total land area of Hong Kong, SAR (Special Administrative ____ A Region), is small, only 1076 square kilometers (415 square miles). A. comprising B. including C. making D. occupying ____ B 6. In different historical times, governments have by various means to promote the common welfare of the members of the society over which it exercises control. A. decided B. endeavored C. maneuvered D. struggled

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work D 7. Industrialization without proper planning may bring about ____ effects to natural environment. A. drastic B. enormous C. uncontrollable D. undesirable ____ C 8. Children under the age of ten may be harmed by the physical requirements of a ballet class. A. active B. hard C. strenuous D. vigorous

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Vocabulary Work 9. Quite a large number of old people enjoy in gardens on ____ A sunny afternoons in winter. A. sauntering B. tramping C. trotting D. wandering 10. With the growth of air travel, airports became symbols of D international prestige, often designed by internationally ____ architects. A. capable B. infamous C. notorious D. renowned

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Spot Dictation Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with the missing words. question ____ Have you ever asked yourself that (1) ? Probably not. language rarely We use our (2) every day, but we (3) think about it. _____ think We don’t (4) about language, because it is so much a part of us. Well, what is language? We might say that it is a means of (5) , but it is (6) more than that. Language is _______ really what makes us (7) . Through language we are able to (8) communication _____ human ______ share our feelings, our (9) and our (10) with others. experiences Without language, human society would not be (11) . thoughts _____ possible _______

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Spot Dictation linguists Most (12) believe that human beings and language (13) ____ developed when _________ together. They don’t know exactly (14) the first simple language was spoken, but they know that it was very (15) . At ______ single first, people probably used (16) words in order to talk about _____ necessary ____ things that were (17) for their lives. They probably had a _____ water word for (18) , for example, and words for fire and food. But _______ expressing (19) thoughts and ideas must have been very (20) difficult. _____

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Translation A. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 昨晚我刚要睡着，急促的敲门声把我吵醒了。(hardly. . . when. . . ) Last night, I had hardly fallen asleep when hasty knocks woke me up. 2. 他们是在慎重的考虑之后才决定离开家乡在巴黎定居下来。(It was. . . that. . . ) It was after serious consideration that they decided to leave their hometown and settle down in Paris. 3. 警察不知该如何解释这一事件。(at a loss) The police was at a loss as to how to explain the case.

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Translation 4. 任何他女儿想要的东西，不管要花费多少钱，他都买给她。 (regardless) He bought his daughter whatever she wanted, regardless of the expenses. 5. 那个男孩向他的老师报告了这一偷窃行为，而她又向校长汇 报了。(in turn) The boy reported theft to his teacher, and she, in turn, to the headmaster. 6. Rose要求出租车 司机走Brook大街，而不要走Baker大街，因 为 Baker大街那里正在修路。 (the latter) Rose instructed / asked the taxi driver to take Brook Street instead of Baker Street, since the latter was under repair.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Translation B. Translate the following dialogue into English. 露 丝： 上周六你们按计划去野餐了吗? 爱丽丝：没有，我们刚要出发就下起了倾盆大雨。我们希望今天 能去，但雨又阻止了我们。我们打算明天去，但刚才我 们的汽车轮胎又爆了，所以明天我们也去不成了。 露 丝： 太遗憾了!你们愿意明天同我们一起去吗? Ruth: Did you go for a picnic last Saturday as you had planned? Alice: No, we had hardly set off when the rain poured down. We had hoped to go today, but the rain again prevented us from doing so. We were going tomorrow, but our car got a puncture just now, so we can’t go tomorrow either. Ruth: What a pity! Would you like to join us tomorrow?

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Translation 爱丽丝 : 愿意，我想一定会很愉快的。 露 丝 : 肯定的。那我就盼着你们 去哪。 爱丽丝 : 我们 怎么去呢? 露 丝 : 乘我们 的车 子去怎么样 ？ 爱丽丝 : 太好了！也许 我该 同我丈夫商量一下。如果他同意， 我 就打电话给 你。 露 丝 : 好吧！ Alice: Yes, indeed. I think it will be lovely. Ruth: I’m sure it will. I’m looking forward to it. Alice: How shall we go? Ruth: What about going in our car? Alice: What a good idea! Maybe it’s time I went to talk it over with my husband. I’ll call you when he agrees. Ruth: Fine.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing A. Answer the question in each of the following groups and combine the answers into one sentence according to the instructions given. Then put the sentences together to form a paragraph. 1. a. What era are we now living in? (computer) b. What are advancing quickly in this era? (science and technology) We are now living in a computer era in which science and technology are advancing quickly. 2. a. What can cause us to be ignorant? (a mere negligence) b. In what respect are we ignorant? (things going around us) And a mere negligence can cause us to be ignorant of what is going on around us.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 3. What will take too long? (awaiting the publication of the latest development in literatures on science and technology in our native languages) It takes too long to wait for the publication of literatures in our native language on the latest development of science and technology. 4. What does this lead to? (necessity in learning one or more foreign languages) This leads to the necessity of learning one or more foreign languages.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 5. a. For what purpose do we learn a second language? (for communication) b. In what respect must we be clear when we do so? (not to acquire a body of abstract knowledge but a skill) (Use in order to) In order to learn a second language for communication, we must be clear that we are not trying to acquire a body of abstract knowledge, but a skill. 6. How do people learn a language? (not as a linguist studies it) We do not learn a language as a linguist studies it.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 7. What doesn’t a language learner learn? (analyze, describe, language) The language learner does not learn to analyze or describe a language. 8. a. What is many a linguist capable of? (excellent description, language) b. What may he very well be? (mediocre performer) (Use but) There is many a linguist who is capable of giving an excellent description of a language, but he may very well be only a mediocre performer.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 9. What are different? (skills of communication, skills of description) The skills of communication and those of description are different. 10. a. What do we learn? (our mother tongue) b. What teaching do we get about the description of our mother tongue? (very little) (Put in for example, when) For example, when we learn our mother tongue, we get very little teaching about the description of our own language.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 11. a. What could we learn? (second language) b. How could we learn the second language? (in the way we learn mother tongue) c. What would be at an end? (all the problems) (Use if, in the way, then) If we could learn a second language in the way we learn our mother tongue, then all our problems would be at an end. 12. Is it possible? (Use but, no) But is this possible? No! 13. What is still a problem? (learning a second language well) (Put in so) So learning a second language well is still a problem.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing Reference version: We are now living in a computer era in which science and technology are advancing quickly. And a mere negligence can cause us to be ignorant of what is going on around us. It takes too long to wait for the publication of literatures in our native language on the latest development of science and technology. This leads to the necessity of learning one or more foreign languages. In order to learn a second language for communication, we must be clear that we are not trying to acquire a body of abstract knowledge, but a skill. Therefore, we do not learn a language as a linguist studies it. The language learner does not learn to analyze or describe a language. Indeed, there is many a linguist who is capable of giving an excellent description of a language, but he may very well be only a mediocre

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing Reference version: performer. The skills of communication and those of description are different. For example, when we learn our mother tongue, we get very little teaching about the description of our own language. Therefore, if we could learn a second language in the way we learn our mother tongue, all our problems would be at an end. But is this possible? No! So learning a second language well is still a problem.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing B. Working in groups of two or three, combine each of the following groups of sentences into one. Then piece the combined sentences together to form a well organized paragraph. 1. a. I read an article. b. The article is about the English language. c. I read the article recently. Recently I read an article about the English language. 2. a. A language is described as a living organism. b. Every language is said to be a part of a large linguistic family. c. English is a part of a large linguistic family. d. All this is said at the beginning of the article. At the beginning of the article, a language is described as a living organism, and every language is said to be a part of a large linguistic family, so is English.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 3. a. Will it be easy when an English-speaking person wishes to learn any of the other languages in the same linguistic family? b. One expects that it will be easy when an English speaking person wishes to learn any of the other languages in the same linguistic family. 4. a. What is said above is not so. b. The reason is that each language actually operates in a system of its own. This is not so, because each language actually operates in a system of its own.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 5. a. Even within the English language itself, changes accumulate through the centuries. b. Because of this, Old English is like a foreign language to the people today. c. These people have spoken English all their lives. Even within the English language changes accumulate through centuries, so that Old English is like a foreign language to the people today who have spoken English all their lives. 6. a. The article goes on to say that there are three points about the English language. b. The three points are unique. The article goes on to say that there are three points that are unique about the English language.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 7. a. The first point is that English varies from place to place. b. But fortunately most educated speakers of English can communicate with each other. c. They have little or no trouble in doing so. First, English varies from place to place, but, fortunately, most educated speakers of English have little or no trouble communicating with each other. 8. a. What is the second point? b. English is spoken by an increasing number of people. Secondly, English is spoken by an increasing number of people.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing 9. a. English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature. b. That is the last point. Lastly, English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature. 10. a. All this is said in the article. b. I think all this is true. I think what is said in this article is true.

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing Reference version: Recently I read an article about the English language. At the beginning of the article, a language is described as a living organism, and every language is said to be a part of a large linguistic family, so is English. One expects that it will be easy when an English-speaking person wishes to learn any of the other languages in the same linguistic family. This is not so, because each language actually operates in a system of its own. Even within the English language changes accumulate through the centuries, so that Old English is like a foreign language to the people today who have spoken English all their lives. The article goes on to say that there are three points that are unique about the English language. First, English varies from

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Guided Writing place to place, but, fortunately, most educated speakers of English have little or no trouble communicating with each other. Secondly, English is spoken by an increasing number of people. Lastly, English is the language of one of the greatest bodies of literature. I think what is said in this article is true.

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Note Writing A. Work in groups of two or three, write a note of condolence, using the following cues. 5 May, 20__ // Mildred // greatly saddened / passing away / Aunt Mabel // miss / great humor / warm hospitality / eagerness to help / above all / willingness to listen / young / bare / hearts // what encouraging words / she / give // my heart / ache // convey / condolences / Uncle Alan // come / see / I / calm down // Amy

Unit 10 The English Language Lost and Found Exercises Note Writing Reference version: 5 May, 20__ Dear Mildred, I am greatly saddened by the news of the passing away of your Aunt Mabel. I will always miss her great humor, warm hospitality, eagerness to help, and, above all, her willingness to listen to us, the young, baring our hearts to her. And what encouraging words she used to give us! How my heart aches! Please convey my profoundest condolences to Uncle Alan. I’ll come and see him when I have calmed down a little. Amy

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Note Writing B. Write a note of condolence, using the following cues. 19 May, 20__ // Nancy // just read / newspaper / sad news // hardly believe / our eyes / brother Clyde / victim / plane crash ∥ deeply grieved / loss / dear friend / brilliant young executive // extend / condolences / your parents // best regards / you all // Connie and Conrad

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Note Writing Reference version: 19 May, 20__ Dear Nancy, We just read in the newspaper about the sad news. We could hardly believe our eyes when we saw that your brother Clyde could have been a victim of the plane crash. We’re deeply grieved by the loss of a dear friend, a brilliant young executive. Please extend our condolences to your parents. With best regards to you all. Connie and Conrad

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Additional Reading Exercise Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) 1. The history of the English language began with the arrival of three 2. Celtic tribes, Angles, the Saxons and the Welsh, who invaded (F 3. Britain during the 5 th century AD. ) 2. The inhabitants of Britain spoke a Germanic language during the 5 th century AD. ( F ) 3. Native English speakers now have small problems in understanding Old English. ( F ) 4. In Middle English, we can find the appearance of many Latin words. ( F )

Unit 10 The English Language Exercises Lost and Found Additional Reading Exercise 5. With many peoples from around the world, many new words and phrases entered the English language. ( T ) 6. Spelling and grammar were not so fixed in Early Modern English. ( F ) 7. The dialect of London became the standard because most of the publishing houses were there. ( T ) 8. Pronunciation contributes to the major difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English. ( F ) 9. That Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words became the single cause for the appearance of a large amount of new words in English. ( F ) 10. American English is especially influential due to its dominance in culture and ideology. ( T )