unit 1 vowels vowels l l l

unit 1 vowels

vowels l l l 前元音--/i: / /i/ /e/ /æ/ 后元音--/a: / /: כ/ /כ u/ /u: / 中元音--/∧/ /ə: / /ə/ l l l 单元音的发音要领是准 确掌握其舌位的前、中、 后，以及高、中、低。 单元音发音的共性： 1. 舌位不移动 2. 在发音过程中，没有 摩擦 3. 不受发音器官的任何 阻碍

单元音发音的特点： l l l 1. 前元音发音时，舌端近下齿，舌前部抬高 2. 中元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高 3. 后元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高

/i: / l l l l Sea He We Please Seem Sleep Week Meets three she agree leave queen fields teach equal tea me bee wheel easy leaf least each

/i: / l l l Three weeks green tea keep it a secret Team leaders Swedish cheese eat a piece of meat

/i/ l l l Did Give Stick City Willingly Busy pig his this pretty heavy ready bridge will lift coffee any begin

/i/ l l l A big ship six sticks bit by bit A silver lid three wishes little by little

(1) l l l A: Fish or meat? B: let me see. Fish for me, please. A: Potatoes or beans? B: Let me see. Beans for me, Please. A: Turnips or peas? B: let me see. Turnips please.

l l A: Ice-cream or cream? B: Ice-cream, please. A: Coffee or tea? B: Coffee, please.

(2) l l A: Is there any meat? B: There’s only tinned meat. A: Is it beef? B: It’s chicken.

l l A: Is it ready to eat? B: Well, you have to heat it before you eat it.

/e/ l l l Bed Well Held Neck Dress leg then heads deaf else says again get strength best

/e/ l l l Seven beds the next lesson fresh and energetic Ten desks the best text wet with sweat

/æ/ l l And Have Hat Rash bag has back happy facts hands catch cats

/æ/ l l l A happy man caps and hats hand in hand A sad lad bags and sacks tit for tat

Dialogue (1) l l l A: Hi, how’s your leg? B: It’s getting better, thanks. A: Well, I’m glad to hear that. B: I’m glad you came. Thanks. A: I’m very busy, but I’ll be back again next Saturday.

(2) l l l A: Alfred owns a bank, Ann. B: I’m going to marry Frank, Dad. A: Harry owns a jam factory, Ann. B: I want to marry Frank , dad. A: Marry Alfred, Ann. Or marry Harry. B: Frank, dad. I’m going to marry Frank.

(3) l l l A: Anna, you’re mad. B: I’ve had a word with Grandfather. A: Your grandfather’s mad, too. B: Dad… A: Yes? B: I’m glad you didn’t marry Miss Parry.

/a: / l l 嘴张开略成圆形，开口最大，没有摩擦。 嘴唇、下颌及口腔肌肉均处于放松状态。 l l 当/a: /出现在/f/, /n/, /s/, /θ/ 和 /ð/前面时，美音念 做/æ/，如： After can’t fast bath rather 其它情况下，发音差异不大

/a: / l l l Car Bar Hard Bars Heart Pass jar cigar starve father sharp bath far arm large charged park laughs

/a: / l l l l Arm party after faster castle regard Demand advance depart drama Remark harsh chance rather master Calm laugh car alarm varnish March forward master of arts Rather fast a fast car a starved artist A laugh star half past nine a starry March night

/a: / l l The dancing party stopped at half past five. Arthur didn’t pass the art exam. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.

/a: / l l l l A: I can’t pass the maths exam. B: I can’t pass in art. A: Maths is too hard. I can’t understand it. B: Maths is easy. But I’m very gad at art. A: Maybe I can help you with your art. B: And I can help you with your maths. A: Yes! Why not?

/ɔ: / & /ɔ/ (后元音) l l l /ɔ: /双唇收圆，嘴开口小，舌尖离开下齿，舌身后 缩，使舌后部抬高，肌肉与口腔处紧张状。 /ɔ/双唇自然张开呈圆形 ，开口略小于/a: /，舌后 部高于/a: /，音质短促清晰。 /ɔ/发音时保证舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，嘴开口较 大，避免‘哦’。

/ɔ/ l l l l Top what God block cost bottle Concert knowledge possible quality Odder wander frog logic volunteer Property policy October whatever Tomorrow Soft songs lots and lots of go wrong Got a job clocks and watches cotton socks

/ɔ/ l l l Borrow a novel wash the mop cost a lot Watch that small fox cost us a lot Watch the dock John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches have gone wrong. The robber’s name is Robert.

/ɔ: / l l l l Board Lawn Water Raw ward forced walk cord warm warn short Paul story forty daughter always afford awe bore adorn Four daughters walk on the lawn Not at all born abroad before four Call from the hall more score short stories

/ɔ: / l l l Walk across the lawn morning new report Forty horses to put more salt Your four daughters are all very tall. The reporter gave an important talk in the auditorium. You ought to do what the doctor ordered.

/ /: כ/ /כ l l l A box A fox A doctor A watchman A shop A frog l l l A ball A wall A lawyer A foreman A saw A horse

Dialogue (1) l l l A: Hey, don’t walk on the lawn. B: Sorry, I’m looking for my wallet. A: You lost your wallet? Anything important in it? B: Yes. A lot of money. Almost four thousand dollars. A: That’s too bad. Better report to the police officer walking there.

(2) l l l l A: I’ve bought a dog, Polly. B: What sort of dog, Paul? A: Oh, just an ordinary dog, Polly. B: What’s it called? A: Oh, it’s got just an ordinary name. B: Is it called Spot? A: No, it’s called…. Polly.

/u: / l l l l Fool shoe pool food goose stool Lose whose June July group Wound chew attitude institute Booth doodle goose who Jew Choose blue shoes a new school Huge spoons beautiful music too few A music school too soon a useful rule

/u: / l l l Food and soup blue boots choose a good school at noon in June Stoop by a cool pool useful tools That news is too good to be true. That student blew up a blue balloon on an afternoon in June. As a rule, Sue is foolish and stupid at school.

/u/ l l l l Good book hook full cook pull look Wood put would wolf bushel Push woman sugar bullet butcher Childhood woolen Made of wood stood on one foot Have a good look the cookery book Shook the cuckoo push the butcher Took some sugar a good-looking woman

/u/ l Cook the soup l The cook understood sugar was no good. He took a book to the wood and had a look at it. The woman couldn’t push the cart full of wood. l l put the sugar in the bottle

/u/ /u: / l l A hook A cook A woman A butcher l l A moon A fool A shoe A stool

l l Where’s the cook? He is in the kitchen. What’s he doing? He is cooking a soup. l l Where is the butcher? He is in his shop. What is he doing? He is chopping the pork.

Dialogue (1) l l l A: Who would he choose? B: He’d choose you. A: He wouldn’t choose me, I’m much too young. He doesn’t think I could do it. B: Well, if he wouldn’t choose you, who would he choose? A: He’d choose Wood is very good. B: Mm, much too good to be true.

(2) l l l l A: Do you know anything about Luke? B: Luke? He is the cook! A: Luke is the cook? He is pretty young and he is also pretty good. He cooks real good food. B: That’s true. Why do you think I took you there? I wanted you to taste Luke’s food. A: Thank you. I did enjoy his food. And I would like to go again. B: Good. Let’s do that. How about next Tuesday? A: Ok. Next Tuesday then.

/ʌ/ 舌尖轻触下齿龈，舌中部向硬腭抬起，。 开口度较小，略小于梅花音，没有摩擦。 双唇有向左右拉伸的趋势。 易错： 1. 舌尖没有轻触下齿龈，导致音调偏高，音质过 于清晰，等同于“啊”。

/∧/ l l l Under Love Run Up Luck rub does comes us much jug thumb cups cut rough

/∧/ l l l l Luck duck lust cup bucks but punish Public blood come touch young Couple courage southern udder funk Mutt nut none Love one’s country a hard nut Trust everyone enough money Much love a cup and some nuts

/∧/ l l l Just once a wonderful sunset Blood for blood a funny cover Hurry up. The bus is coming. He told the funny story just for fun. I love buns and butter for supper. Look, the sun has come up.

Dialogue (1) l l l l A: Could you come for lunch? B: I wish I could come, but… A: I have cooked a duck. B: A duck! Mm! A: Yes. A wonderful lunch. It would be lovely if you could come. B: Ok. I’ll come. A: Good, come at once.

(2) l l l A: What’s wrong? B: Nothing’s wrong. A: Come on. Something’s wrong. B: Nothing much. A: What’s the trouble? Has John come? B: Mm. Come, and gone.

/ə: / /ə/ l l l A bird A worm A shirt A skirt A girl A nurse l l l A worker A doctor A dancer A professor A driver A manager

Dialogue (1) l l l l l A: What’s your job? B: I’m a teacher. A: What’s her job? B: She’s a dancer. A: What’s his job? B: He’s a steel worker. A: What’s your father’s job? B: He’s a professor. A: What’s your mother’s job? B: She’s a manager.

(2) l l l l A: Something’s burning. B: Oh, my buns! A: Mm, I love burnt buns. B: Curse this oven! Curse it! A: But I prefer burnt buns. B: It’s the worst oven in the world! A: Wonderful! A perfect bun! B: There’re thirty of them. Oh, have another. Have them all, if you like.

(3) l l l l A: What does Irvine do? B: I’m not certain. But he earns a lot. He has money to burn. A: And Bernard? B: Oh, I prefer Bernard, of course, but…. A: What a super fur coat, by the way! B: As I say, I prefer Bernard, but… A: And what bautiful pearls!

合口双元音与集中双元音 l 双元音是由两个音合二为一，发音 时由第一个音向第二个音滑动过程 中没有任何停顿。 l 双元音发音饱满、圆润。第一个音 长而响亮，第二个音短而模糊. 前重 后轻，前长后短 l 避免把双元音单音化

合口双元音与集中双元音 l l 合口双元音的特点是：牙床从开到合，前一个 元音发得较清楚，较长，后面的元音发得较模 糊，较短。 集中双元音的两个元音发音都比较清楚，分别 从[i], [e], [u]集中到中元音[a. ]。

合口双元音 l /ei/ l /əu/ l /ai / l /au/ l /ɔi/

/ei/ l 发音要点：口形由/e/向/i/滑动，下 巴向上合拢，舌位随之抬高。 l a table; a plate; a cake; a radio; an ashtray; a beefsteak

l l l Late sail rake fail paper jade baby Disdain lame wail trade main tail faint Hate neighbour fable ashamed became Explain May Day pay day heavy rain Same way came again

/ei/ Dialogues l 1) l l A: What a beautiful cake! B: Yes, it’s Kate’s birthday cake. A: How old is she? B: She is eighteen today. A: Happy birthday to Kate.

2) A: Mrs. Taylor’s a good dressmaker, isn’t she? l B: Yes. The new dress she made is great. l A: Maybe I need her to make one for me. l B: Wait a second, Jane. It’s time to bake the bread. l

l. I went to see a Broadway Play. l What a shame! When will you take the makeup test? l Maybe in April or May?

Speak out l 1) No pains, no gains. 不吃苦中苦， 没有甜上甜 l 2) l 3) Call a spade. 实话实说 A penny saved is a penny gained. 省下的既是赚的

l 4) Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达 l 5) I hate to trouble you, but…我不想麻 烦你，但是… l 6) There’s no way I can get out of it. 我 无能为力

/ əu/ l 发音要点：口型由中元音/ə/向后元 音/u/滑动，双唇由扁平变成合圆形， 到/u/的位置就停止发音 l a potato; a tomato; a nose; a home; a boat; a goat, bowl; sparrow;

/ əu/ l l l l Bone tone know mode though own Wrote chose grown hole woke bowl Sold home phone coach loathe mole Notorious potion go home alone Don’t know hope so no hope Whole bowls old folks

/ əu/ Dialogue A: What will you do tomorrow？ l B: let’s go to the Summer Palace to row a boat, shall we? l A: Oh, I’ve listened to the radio. The broadcast says tomorrow it will rain. l A: In that case, we could just stay at home. l

/ əu/ l A: I’m going to the grocery store. Would you like to go with me? l B: Sorry. I have to write a letter. l A: Anything I can do for you? l B: Can you get some tomatoes for me? l A: Ok. How many do you want? l B: One kilo. Thanks.

Speak out l 1) Don’t go home alone, Joan. l 2) Little stroke fell great oaks. 水滴 石穿 l 3) As you sow, you shall mow. 种瓜 得瓜，种豆得豆，

l 4) A straw will show which way the wind blows. 草动知风向。 l 5) l 6) I’d like to propose a toast. 我提议干杯 I know what you know. 我知道你知 道什么

/ əu/ l l l She’s combing her golden hair. Joe has a Roman nose. 鹰钩鼻 Don’t throw the stone into the hole. Joan won’t postpone the stone. Go and open the window.

/ai/ l 发音要点：由舌位低、口型大的前元音// 向舌位高、口形小的//滑动。发音时舌尖 要抵住下齿。 l a kite; a knife; a pie; a lighter; an icecream, a pipe, a bike, a typewriter

l l l Eye ripe fight while fly bicycle divine 占卜 Enlighten Nigerian righteous Friday Mighty Island tire wire behind beside iron Divide surprise My eyes five knives why sigh high time side by side

/ai/ Dialogues l A: You bought a new motorcycle, didn’t you? l B: Yes. How do you like it? l A: It’s really stylish. Did you ride it? l B: Sure. I’ve tried it.

l A: Try the French fries. l B: Well, the smell is so nice. Mm, they are fried really well. l A: Let’s have ice-creams for dessert. l B: How many ice-creams are there in the fridge? l A: Let me see. Nice. Three of them are pineapple flavor. l B: Well, I prefer pineapple flavor icecreams.

Speak out 1) Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁 l 2) Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不 待人。 l 3) A stitch in time saves nine. 及时处理， 事半功倍。 l 4) Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略 同 l

Tongue twister l. No need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.

l. Ten tiny tigers tied ten tiny ties on their tiny tails.

l. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail

l. Ripe white wheat（麦子） reapers reap（收割） ripe white wheat right.

l You know New York, you need New York. You know you need unique （独特的） New York

l A writer named Wright was instructing（指导） his little son how to write Wright. He said: “ It is not right to write Wright as ‘rite’－try to write Wright aright（正确地）!

l Great Greek（希腊） grape growers grow great Greek grapes, but the Greeks do not eat the grapes the great Greek grape growers grow.

l If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.

/au/ l 发音要点：由舌位低，口形大的/a/ 向舌位高，口形小的后元音/u/滑动， 结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。 la cow; a mouse; a house; a towel; an accountant;

l l l Found mound now how bout rout house account louder power shout Howl down sau around fountain pouch Noun allowance pronounce Around the house down south a thousand mountains the ground floor A northern town a morning gown

/au/ l l He has found a mouse in the corner of the house. Mr. Brown lives in a round house near the town. Well, let’s go downtown together. They shouted louder to the crowd gathered around.

A: I need someone to help me with the housework. l B: What do you want me to do? l A: Well, milk the cow, kill the mouse, wash the towel, and clean the house. l B: How could you find someone like that? l A: That’s what I am worried about. l

Dialogues l 1) A: Nice to meet you, Mrs. Brown. l B: Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Howard. l A: Listen. Who’s shouting? l B: That’s my son singing. But he sounds like he’s shouting.

Speak out l 1) Round and round he danced in front of the crowd. l 2) Brown spends hour after hour among his flowers. l 3) March wind and April showers bring May flowers.

l 4) Get out of my house now. l 5) I’ve heard so much about you. l 6) How about going downtown now ？

/ כ i/ l 发音要点：由后，低元音/ɔ/向前， 高元音/i/滑动，口形由开，圆逐渐 变为合，扁，尾音短促 la boy; a toy; a coin; a noise; oil, boil

l l l Boy toy joy coil foible Doyle annoy Loin oyster soil noise hoist point employ boiler toiler destroy joint choice my boy avoid making noises destroy the toys a noisy voice spoil the enjoyment belong to Joy

/ כ i/ l l l I’m annoyed by the boy. I’ll leave the choice to the boy. You should avoid making noises. The spoiled boy destroyed the toys. The employer is questioning the new employee. Roy made so many noises which annoyed his employer.

Dialogues l 1) A: Can I help you? l B: I want some oil, some oysters, and some boiled eggs. l A: Anything else? l B: And some corn, that’s all

l 2) A: I want to buy a toy for Roy. l B: For Roy? You want to buy him another toy? l A: Why not? He enjoys playing with toys. l B: He enjoys destroying toys. You’d better not to spoil the boy.

Speak out l 1) Come and enjoy the oysters l 2) The smell of oil is most annoying l. l 3) Let us join hands in friendship.

l 4) l 5) I’m in a hurry, so get to the point. It’s a joy to watch the boy playing with his toy.

Tongue Twister l 1. A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

l 2. A noise annoys an oyster, but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more!

集中双元音 l /iə/ l /eə/ l /uə/

/iə/ l 发音要点：从口形较扁，舌位较 高的前元音向较低的中元音滑动。 舌身向后缩，口腔呈自然张开状 l a deer, a cup of beer, an ear, a drop of tear, a theater

l l l l Beard weird Pioneer era Gear queer Mere fierce fear here pierce idea career sheer really dear furious tear nuclear volunteer severe mysterious appear superior A clear idea a sincere tear a period of fear Appear superior serious and severe A weird power a queer weirdo A tearful dear a sincere volunteer

/iə/ l l l l She’s really dearer than a dear. They came there twice a year. He appears superior to all the others. Please come near and sit here. The one with a beard is from Korea. The end of the year is near. The fearful deer little boy was very curious about the mysterious deer.

l 1) A: where do you prefer, theater or the museum? l B: I prefer to go to the museum. l A: Great. I know there’s a wonderful bar near the museum. l A: Well, Let’s go to the museum first, then drink a glass of beer.

l 2) A: Hello, my dear, can you hear me? B: I do, but not clearly. l A: Bring back some beer and a toy deer for Jill. l B: Ok, some pears and a Teddy bear. l A: Oh, dear me. l

Speak out l 1) l 2) New Year’s Day is near. We’re near the end of the year.

l 3) They cheered the hero when he appeared. l 4) She’s sincere, serious and a bit mysterious. l 5) Is there a post office near here?

l 6) I want to be quite clear on this problem. l 7) Things are clear and you don’t have to fear.

Dialogues l 1) A: What’s up? She’s burst into tears. l B: Nothing much. Just drank too much beer. You know some people cry when they’re drunk.

/eə/ l 口形由半开变为扁平。 a pear; a bear; a chair; a square; an airport; l 音素体验：

l l l Air bear chair stair tear flair careful Harebell stair various declare unfair Prepare area hair affair stare mayor Compare spare cairn dairy farewell Glare warehouse Repair the chair prepare dairy an unfair mayor spare the tears a rare pair take care fair hair their parents

Dialogues l 1) A: What’s Mary doing? l B: She is eating a pear, and holding a Teddy bear in an armchair. l A: Sounds great. Tell her don’t eat too many pears. And thanks for your care.

2) A: Let’s go there, Cary. l B: No, I don’t want to go there. l A: Why not, Cary? l B: I’m afraid of the bears on the stairs. l A: Well. They’re all plastic bears full of air. l

Speak out l 1) where there’s a will, there’s a way. l 2) I swear I’ll never tell anyone. l 3) She was not aware how deeply he loved her.

l 4) why did you buy another pair of shoes? l 5) where’s there’s oppression, there’s resistance.

l l l l On a mare goes the mayor 市长骑在母马上 To the fair at the square 赶集来到市场 Prepared to buy a little bear 打算买只小熊 That will sit on his fair chair 让它坐在漂亮椅子上

/uə/ l 舌后部抬高，口收圆，稍向前突， 快速滑动 l a tourist, poor, sure, Europe

l l l cure truer sure newer fewer Bluer poor moor curious insurance Duration rural gourd February A sure cure fewer tourists a pure jewel A curious doer a furious dual a poor but cruel man

/uə/ l l l I’m sure the is cured. Fewer tourists would tour the moor. The poor man insured his life. I’m sure this one is newer. He’s found a curious jewel in February.

Dialogues l 1) A: What a beautiful jewel! l B: This was the gift for my birthday. l A: Is it from your boyfriend? l B: Sure. He wants me to marry him.

l 2) A: How cruel to fight a duel! I never think that is right. l B: It was not only fair but also holy in the old days. l A: I couldn’t imagine that. What cases cause people to duel? l B: So many. Such as dueling for love, dueling for dignity.

Speak out l 1) He’s from a very poor family. l 2) We were unsure about who was to blame. l 3) I’m sure that’s pure gold.