Unit 1 National Sustainable Building Advisor Program Na

Unit 1 National Sustainable Building Advisor Program Na. SBAP Fundamentals of Sustainable Building Blair Seibert, CSBA, AIA, LEED AP, GPR, October 2, 2009

Rationale for Sustainable Building "The biggest problem is that we architects have been using too narrow a balance sheet to evaluate our decisions. That sheet is not complete; it doesn't include total efficiency and environmental costs. A building may be cheap and pretty, but will it go on to become an environmental and financial burden to those who occupy and maintain it? “ - Randolph Croxton The Croxton Collaborative Architects internationally recognized as a pioneer and innovator in the achievement of environmental and sustainable architectural design

Rationale for Sustainable Building SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT “Sustainability meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs UN World Commission on Environment and Development Two Key Concepts: 1. The concept of “needs”…needs of the world’s poor , to which priority should be given: and 2. The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and futures needs.

Green, Sustainable, Regenerative William (Bill) G. Reed of Integrative Design Collaborative m oves beyond limiting the intensity of the damage we cause. Instead, his focus is on the Regenerative Design Process: local in practice and addressing how we partner and thrive in relationships with the unique socialecological system of each particular place Goal Regenerative Design SBAP? “Living Building™” SBAP Sustainable Design LEED, etc. Now Green Design Building to Code

Rationale for Sustainable Building The Three E’s of Sustainability Environment – minimize the use of non-renewables, use renewables at a rate they can be sustained (i. e. ground water) Economy – develop an economy that is vital and dynamic and integrated with the environment (i. e. old growth forests) Equity – aims to ensure that all aspects of society are benefited, and no aspects of society are harmed (i. e. coal mining)

Rationale for Sustainable Building Resource Depletion

Map of proven oil reserves at end 2006

Oil consumption per capita

Proven natural gas reserves at end 2006

Proven coal reserves at end 2006

Rationale for Sustainable Building With just 5% of the world’s total population, the United States consumes 23% of the world’s energy.

Rationale for Sustainable Building Resource Depletion/ Environmental Pollution

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Resource Depletion Buildings are responsible for: 40% of the world’s total energy use 30% of the raw materials consumption 25% of the timber harvest 35% of the world’s CO 2 emissions 16% of fresh water withdrawal 40% of municipal solid waste destined for landfills and 50% of ozone-depleting CFCs still in use Structures also affect watersheds, habitat, air quality, and community transportation patterns

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Definition of Green Building Green building incorporates principles, techniques, and materials that conserve natural resources and improve environmental quality throughout a building’s life-cycle.

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 1. Resource conservation. Del Sur Ranch House San Diego, CA LEED Platinum Project Met 17 of 17 Energy Credits Saves 45% by the installation of photovoltaic panels that provide >30% of their needs Energy

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 1. Resource conservation. Toyota Motor Sales Torrance, CA LEED Gold Project Water Uses 94% < potable Saves 11 million gals. of water per year by using recycled water for: Cooling, irrigation, flushing toilets, etc.

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 1. Resource conservation. Orchard Garden Hotel San Francisco, CA LEED Certified 22% of the materials used were sourced within 500 miles of site Materials

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 2. Ecosystem protection (air, water, soil) Las Virgenes Creek Restoration Calabasas, CA Just after a rainfall in 2005

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 2. Ecosystem protection (air, water, soil) Las Virgenes Creek Restoration Calabasas, CA Received Outstanding Government Civil Engineering Project Award “Exhibited innovative ideas…how channels should be restored to more viable riparian habitats while maintaining flood control standards”

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 2. Ecosystem protection (air, water, soil) Las Virgenes Creek Restoration Calabasas, CA

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 3. Indoor Environmental Quality Healthy Air & Views to the outdoors improves test scores and attendance in schools

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 3. Indoor Environmental Quality Cleaner Air & Natural Light (indirect) are healthier. Fewer employee sick days.

1 B. Sustainable Development through Green Building Priorities for green building include: 3. Indoor Environmental Quality Views to the outside help reduce stress and create a connection to the outdoors… seasons.

1 B. Environmental Solutions through Green Building Upgrading the building envelopereduces fossil fuel use (fossil fuel is the source of all five greenhouse gases (GHG) Reducing Construction & Demolition Waste reduces landfill production of methane (potent GHG) Preservation of treessequesters carbon dioxide, slow runoff and flooding Cluster and infill development lowers transportation and site impacts

1 B. Environmental Solutions through Green Building What are the environmental issues that are of most concern in our region of influence?

1 B. Environmental Solutions through Green Building What elements in any green building standard that you know of address these issues directly?

1 B. Economic/Societal Solutions Provided by Green Building Energy Efficiencyreduces the cost of operating a home. It may also make mortgages more accessible. Sustainable Design – offers integrated solutions that result in overall reduction in the cost of construction. Better Indoor Airreduces susceptibility to asthma attacks Walkability encourages exercise reducing Type II diabetes & obesity

1 B. Green Building Directly Benefits Homeowners Commercial Developers Design Professionals Contractors

1 C. Early Drivers of the Green Building Movement 1970’s energy crisis created opportunities for progressive architects and engineers as the government funded research for energy efficiency studies: Bill Reed, Malcolm Wells, David Wright and others. The Carter Administration founded what became the US Department of Energy 1980’s research funding for energy efficiency was greatly reduced due to cheap oil.

1 C. Early Drivers of the Green Building Movement 1990’s construction waste (landfill) and other issues came to the forefront to make it was clear that looking beyond energy consumption to the comprehensive issue of building materials, construction waste AIA Energy Committee was founded in 1973 which transformed into the AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE) founded in 1990 AIA Nat’l Convention- Declaration of Interdependence created in 1993 US Green Building Council formed 1993 Building with Value Conference held in Seattle in 1993

1 C. Early Drivers of the Green Building Movement AIA Committee on the Environment (COTE) First Chairperson of COTE-Bob Berkebile, FAIA: 1990– 1992 Top Ten Measures: 1. Sustainable Design Intent & Innovation 2. Regional/Community Design & Connectivity 3. Land Use & Site Ecology 4. Bioclimatic Design 5. Light & Air 6. Water Cycle 7. Energy Flows & Energy Future 8. Materials & Construction 9. Long Life, Loose Fit 10. Collective Wisdom & Feedback Loops

Early Drivers of the Green Building Movement United States Green Building Council (USGBC) 1998 LEED New Construction launched LEED Rating Systems’ Five Categories: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sustainable Site Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Environmental Quality Innovation in Design

Policies Federal Initiatives US Air Force – Sustainable Facility Guide Sustainable Design Tools: Energy Modeling, Life Cycle Analysis

Policies Federal Initiatives President Clinton’s Executive Order 13101 , September 14, 1998 GREENING THE GOVERNMENT THROUGH WASTE PREVENTION, RECYCLING, & FEDERAL ACQUISITION • Recycling • Recyclability • Waste Reduction • Life Cycle Cost • Life Cycle Assessment • Pollution Prevention http: //www. ofee. gov/eo/13101. asp

Policies City Seattle-CITY Green Building Their four member LEED AP team offers customized assistance to homeowners, builders, developers. They create a list of applicable incentives and rebates for each “client”. Tax rebates, cash payments, tax incentives are given.

Policies City Anaheim • • Expedited Plan Check Waive Plan Check Fees (≤ $50 K) New construction incentives (≤ $75 K/comm’l facility) Energy Star appliance incentives (≤ $100 K/project) Design review assistance (≤ $10 K) LEED Certification ( $30 K) Green. Point Rating assistance (≤ $6 K) Etcetera… http: //www. anaheim. net/article. asp? id=1164

Policies City Santa Monica Green Building: Code Requirements for most commercial projects and multi-family over 3 units: Energy Conservation-Must exceed Title 24 by 10% Green Bldg. Materials-Select one material from 5 of the 10 areas; use in 50% of bldg. sq. ft. or 100% of bldg. fixtures; include on plans Landscape – Min. stormwater runoff to impermeable areas; Specify & install water-efficient irrigation systems; Specify graywater and/or captured rainwater for irrigation where practical & economically feasible; Restrict use of water features & fountains Construction & Demo Waste-All projects must divert 65% of their construction & demo waste from landfill; cannot include inert materials http: //greenbuildings. santa-monica. org/introduction. html

Policies City New York City Greening their own facilities Department of Design & Construction writes and sells in-depth manuals to inform the design process. Completed to date and posted on this Website are: Manual for Quality, Energy Efficient Lighting, Geothermal Manual, Construction and Demolition Waste Manual, And a manual on Local Law 77, the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Law. http: //www. ci. nyc. ny. us/html/ddcgreen/

Policies California Cities Santa Rosa (resolution): Promotes the use of the Green. Point Rated system as a voluntary program County of Marin (ordinance): New homes >3, 500 s. f. must meet Title 24 energy budget for 3, 500 s. f. home Rohnert Park (ordinance): Residential project must be Green. Point Rated; Commercial building > 50, 000 s. f. must be LEED NC registered City of San Francisco: Task Force recommends LEED Certification for commercial and phased-in requirements for Green. Point Rated

Programs Watch Intro to LEED™ Power. Point

Early Examples-Programs The Collaborative for High Performance Schools Guidelines & Criteria (2002) Facilitates the design of high performance K-12 schools Sea Green by the Seattle Office of Housing developed to promote energy conservation, operational savings & sustainable building practices in affordable multi-family housing projects City of Austin Green Builder Program – Utility Sponsored Green Building Program for residential, commercial and multi-family, offers workshops, professional assistance and referrals. http: //www. lgc. org/freepub/land_use/models/village_homes 2. html

Early Examples Village Homes in Davis, CA – Completed in 1982 http: //www. lgc. org/freepub/land_use/models/village_homes 2. html

Early Examples C. K. Choi, Building, Univ. of British Columbia – Cx 93 http: //www. iar. ubc. ca/choibuilding/matsuzaki. html

Early Examples C. K. Choi, Building, University of British Columbia–Cx 93 http: //greenbuildingsbc. com/Portals/0/docs/case_studies/CK_Choi. pdf

Early Examples ING Bank Headquarters, Amsterdam – completed in 2002 http: //www. galinsky. com/buildings/ing/index. htm

Projects Break up in small groups and share your “discoveries” from Buildinggreen. com

The Green Market Now USGBC Canada Green Building Council World Green Building Council Systems: LEED – used by the US, Canada and India Green Globes – used in the US and Canada BREEAM – United Kingdom Green Star – Australia CASBEE – Japan German Certification for Sustainable Buildings – Germany International Institute for a Sustainable Built Environment (ii. SBE) - (academic focus)

The Green Market Now Green Building Accounts for 2% of the total building construction which makes up 20% of the Gross Domestic Product Over 100, 000 LEED AP 16, 714 LEED Registered Commercial Buildings 1, 955 LEED Registered Int’l Projects in 114 nations 17, 375 LEED Registered Homes 3, 017 Certified LEED Commercial Buildings 2, 579 LEED certified homes

The Green Market Now Some Green Rating Systems

Build It Green www. builditgreen. org Build It Green is a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote healthy, energy- and resource-efficient building practices in California. They work with mainstream stakeholders in the housing industry to accelerate the adoption of green building practices.

Build It Green Rating Systems: • Green. Point Rated Existing Home • Single Family Green. Point Rated Home • Multifamily Green. Point Rated Project Guidelines offered: Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines New Home Construction GBG Multifamily GBG

• Put image of checklist here

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home: • 380+ points available • 50 points minimum required • Required Measures: • Waste Diversion 50% by weight • 15% above Title 24 • Incorporate GPR Checklist in Blueprints • Minimum points in each category

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • Install structural pest controls

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • No invasive plants-Cal IPC English Ivy Pampas Grass Mexican Fan Palm Washingtonia

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • Using Engineered Lumber

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • Energy Star ceiling fans/light kits in living areas

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • Pre-Plumb for solar hot water • Provide conduit for future PV panels

Build It Green Single Family Green. Point Rated Home Unique Features: • Built-in recycling center • Built-in composting center

Programs LEED NC- New Commercial Construction and Major Renovation EB O&M - Existing Building Operations and Maintenance CI - Commercial Interiors projects, CS - Core & Shell Development projects, H – Homes Schools-LEED NC for Schools Substitution Guide Healthcare-Based upon GGHC ND-Neighborhood Development Retail

Programs LEED Applications for: Multiple Building Guidelines and On-Campus Building Projects In Development: US Air Force has developed a LEED Application Guide for Lodging (< 4 stories) LEED for Laboratories (in development) LEED for Neighborhoods LEED for Retail LEED for Healthcare

Programs EPA-Green Communities (5 -step planning process, provides tools and information to help communities help themselves become more sustainable) Step One – Community Assessment (Where are we now? ) Step Two – Trends Analysis (Where are we going? ) Step Three – Vision Statement (Where do we want to be? ) Step Four – Sustainable Action Plan (How do we get there? ) • • • Sample Environmental Stewardship Action Plan Land Use Action Plan Pollution Prevention & Recycling Action Plan Transportation Action Plan Human Health & Environmental Health Action Plan Step Five – Implementation (Let’s Go!) http: //www. epa. gov/greenkit/index. htm

Programs NAHB Green Building Program Represents 80% of the home building volume in the U. S. Three levels of green: bronze, silver and gold 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Lot Design, Preparation & Construction Resource Efficiency Energy Efficiency Water Efficiency Indoor Environmental Quality Homeowner Education Global Impact Site Planning & Land Development

Programs The Living Building Challenge Authored by Jason Mc. Lennan/ Developed by the Cascadia Green Building Council No credits, just prerequisites (16 w/exceptions for market realities) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Cannot be built 50’ from wetlands, sensitive species areas Must not be built on virgin land For each acre built/an acre needs to be set aside for habitat Net Zero energy-100% of building’ energy supplied by on-site renew energy Cannot contain products with 13 chemicals One-time carbon offset of construction carbon footprint All wood must be FSC or salvaged Materials or service must within specific distances

Programs The Living Building Challenge continued… 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Waste must be diverted from landfills to the following levels: Soils and biomass 100% Metals, Paper & Cardboard 95% Rigid Foam, carpet & insulation 90% All others 80% 100% of occupants’ water use must come from captured precipitation or reused water that is purified without chemicals. 100% of storm water and water discharge must be handled on-site. Every occupy able space must have operable windows that provide access to fresh air and daylight. Healthy air and dirt source control Air exchange rate must meet Title 24 The project must contain design features intended solely for human delight and celebration of culture… Educational materials about the performance and operation of the project must be made available to the public in order to inspire and educate. Non-sensitive areas of the building must be held open to the public at least one day per year, to facilitate direct contact with a truly sustainable building.

Programs One Planet Living 1. Zero Carbon 2. Zero Waste 3. Sustainable Transportation 4. Local and Sustainable Materials 5. Local and Sustainable Food 6. Sustainable Water 7. Natural Habitats and Wildlife 8. Culture and Heritage 9. Equity and Fair Trade 10. Health and Happiness Beddington Zero Energy Development Bed. ZED in the UK

Programs Review LEED NC, The Living Building Challenge and Green. Point Rated Checklists

Special Programs The 2030 Challenge is for buildings to be Carbon Neutral in the year 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate) To accomplish this, Architecture 2030 has issued The 2030 Challenge asking the global architecture and building community to adopt the following targets: 1. All new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.

Special Programs The 2030 Challenge is for buildings to be Carbon Neutral in the year 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate) 2. At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.

Special Programs Green Guide to Health Care (set up just like LEED NC) Energy Star (sponsored by the EPA and US DOE) ONLY looks at energy efficiency ALA Health House – American Lung Association sponsored program to educate builders and homeowners about improving indoor air quality.

Market Driven Initiatives National Research on Green Building: 05/30/2007 - According to a recent Roper survey commissioned by Sharp Electronics Corporation, nearly 90 percent of Americans think that solar electricity should be an option for all new home construction, up significantly from one year ago (79 percent). An estimated 50, 000 eco-friendly homes have been constructed in the U. S. over the past decade.

Market Driven Initiatives Green Financing New Resource Bank in San Francisco provides an 1/8 discount interest rate and higher Loan to Value (80% rather than the typical 75%) on construction loans. Bank of America offers a reduced interest rate or $1, 000 back for each home-purchase mortgage meeting ENERGY STAR specifications. TALK TO SHELLIE COLLIER, GET FINANCING INFO SHE KNOWS ABOUT http: //newsroom. bankofamerica. com/index. php? s=press_releases&item=7697 http: //blogs. business 2. com/greenwombat/2007/03/bank_america_co. html

Local Case Study Local Green Case Studies. Audubon Center at Debs Park 4700 North Griffin Ave. , Los Angeles, CA 90031 2003, LEED Platinum, 53 points 17 acres, 5, 020 square feet

Local Case Study Local Green Case Studies-Audubon Center at Debs Park 4700 North Griffin Ave. , Los Angeles, CA 90031 Entirely off-grid (25 K k. Wh/year or 5 k. Wh/s. f. ) Uses 70% less water Treats all waste water on-site 50% of construction materials made locally carpeting of Mexican agave plant, to wheat board and sunflower board cabinets and desks. 97% construction waste recycled Solar thermal cooling and space heating

Local Case Study Natural Resources Defense Council - NRDC 1314 Second Street, Santa Monica, CA 90410 2003, LEED Platinum, 56 points 3 story, 15, 000 square feet Bike racks, showers Treated rainwater and greywater used for flushing toilets 20% of power provided by PV http: //www. grist. org/news/powers/2003/11/25/of/

Local Case Study Natural Resources Defense Council - NRDC 1314 Second Street, Santa Monica, CA 90410 http: //www. cbe. berkeley. edu/mixedmode/nrdc. html

Green Buildings don’t have to cost more. Simple Payback Fixture Average Fixture Cost Annual Energy Cost Total Cost @ 2 Years @ 4 Years @ 6 Years 2 -15 watt CFLs $30 $2. 30 $34. 60 $39. 20 $43. 80 2 -60 watt incandes. $17. 00 $9. 20 $37. 40 $57. 79 $78. 19 *Assumes cost of electricity at $. 07/k. Wh and three hours/day burn time

Green Buildings don’t have to cost more. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Fixture Average Fixture Cost Annual Energy Cost Installat. Costs Maint. Costs Disposal Costs 2 -15 watt CFLs $30 $2. 30 $X $A $XX 2 -60 watt incandes. $17. 00 $9. 20 $Y $B $YY Would add labor costs of acquiring, installing, operating and disposing of fixtures to the above.

Green Buildings don’t have to cost more. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Part of the ISO 14000 environmental management standards They attempt to capture the environmental impact of a product from sourcing materials to disposal Hard to determine actual costs of mining the metals for the wiring and mercury present in the bulb, the mercury that is released from burning more coal to make more energy to power the incandescent bulb and other impacts. Typically a score is identified rather than a dollar figure and represents the aggregate environmental impact.

Greening the Delivery Process Pre-Design – Goal Setting Integrate sustainability into thinking More involvement will design team members up-front End user should be part of design team Incorporate processes to help analysis. Product & Equipment Software Computer Modeling, Simulation and Optimization Cost Analysis (Simple Payback, LCCA, LCA) Cost shifting as more design time is spent upfront

Greening the Delivery Process Schematic Design – Eco-Charrette (brainstorming session) should be conducted; may be a day or multiple days If following a green rating system, it should be used as framework for session

Greening the Delivery Process Design Development – Review design with client goals, budget, cost effectiveness, alignment with LEED or other standard Enhanced Commissioning would begin now Reconsider and reinforce sustainable building goals

Greening the Delivery Process Construction Documents– Incorporate “green” into specifications, 01350 LEED Procedures Select products carefully to confirm they meet green rating standards AND are appropriate for condition Reference any standard that needs to be met – e. g. CRI, Green Seal, ASTM, FSC, etc. Include phone number and contact if possible Do NOT use “or equal”; use “or approved”

Greening the Delivery Process Construction – On-site training and oversight Shop drawing review/confirmation that standards are met Enhanced Commissioning (Cx) will include shop drawing review, LEED Basic Cx begins at end of Construction Documents development and is concluded at the end of construction

Greening the Delivery Process Occupancy – Prior to-building flush-out Educating tenants about features that require their cooperation Enhanced Cx occurs about 10 months after occupancy

The Role of the Sustainable Building Advisor Consultant Work within your organization to promote green Negate “greenwashing” by educating others What other points in the process could a SBA be involved?

The Role of the Sustainable Building Advisor CHALLENGE- Establish a goal for each class. Write them down.

The Role of the Sustainable Building Advisor CHALLENGE- Establish a SBA goal for yourself…write it down.