UNIPo. Rtal Digital Library development in Europe Anna Maria Tammaro Yerevan, October 10 th, 2012 Uni. PR Co-Lab
Outline Vision and definitions Early DL development Digital Service model Digital library issues User centric approach 2
What Are Digital Libraries? Virtual Libraries - Exist in Virtual space Electronic Libraries - Libraries with Electronic Materials and Services (e-books and e-journals) Digital Libraries - A managed collection of Digital objects to facilitate preservation and retrieval, usually through a network. (Both Electronic and Digital Libraries can be Virtual) 4
DELOS vision Digital libraries will become the universal knowledge repositories and communication conduits for the future, common vehicles by which everyone will access, analyze, evaluate, enhance, and exchange all forms of information. Digital library systems will • be person-centric, • support user-to-user communication and collaboration, • operate in a globally distributed environment, and will serve “all” applications and “all” forms of content. 5
IFLA Vision To employ the fullest potential of digital technology in partnership with users by enabling seamless and open access to all types of information without limits to format or geography, and to enhance the ability of libraries, archives and museums to collaborate among themselves and with others to offer the broadest and most complete service possible. AMT DILL 5 - 2012 6 6
Purposes of a Digital Library to expedite the systematic development of: the means to collect, store, and organise information and knowledge in digital form; and of digital library collections to promote the economical and efficient delivery of information to all sectors of the society; to encourage co-operative efforts which leverage the considerable investment in research resources, computing and communications network; to strenghten communication and collaboration between and among the research, business, government, and educational communities; to take an international leadership role in the generation and dissemination of knowledge in areas of strategic importance to the society; to contribute to the lifelong learning opportunities in our country. (extracted from IFLA Manifesto) 7
Policy Framework The challenges posed by digital information have increasingly led to: Recognition of the inter-dependence between the stages of creation, use and preservation of digital resources and the importance of the legal and economic environments in which they operate. The potential volume of information which could be acquired or digitised, and the need to make the most cost-effective use of limited resources, have emphasised the need for selection, standards and co-operation between different organisations. Organisations are developing internal policies for the creation, management, and preservation of digital resources and increasingly are sharing their experience in this field 8
Information cycle 9
Early EU DL development 1995 TULIP 1996 Superjournal 1998 DELOS » EU Commission Information Society FP 5 -FP 7 2003 -2005 • 2000 TEL » 2001 Lund digitisation action plan 2005 Europeana 10
Digital Library policy in EU Lund Action Plan 2001 representatives and experts from the European Commission and Member States met at Lund in Sweden (under the Swedish Presidency) to discuss how to coordinate and add value to national digitisation programmes, at a European level http: //www. cordis. lu/ist/ka 3/digicult/lund_ap_browse. htm 11
Minerva is an acronym for Ministerial Network for Valorising Activities in Digitisation http: //www. minervaeurope. org/ The Minerva project also includes ministerial officers and major national cultural players such as national archives, national libraries, and museums. 12
Firenze agenda Digital preservation is crucial as part of a series of other issues which effect the creation, storage and use of a resource. These issues are all interdependent and have suggested the need for an integrated policy framework to develop a costeffective approach resource creation, preservation and use. http: //www. minervaeurope. org/structure/nrg/docum ents/firenzeagenda 031017 draft. htm 13
Europeana 14
Digital Library Trends in EU Institutional Repositories of scholarly materials “digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single or multi-university community. . . ” SPARK (Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition) http: //www. arl. org/sparc/IR/ir. html CERN is guiding this trend in Europe: http: //indico. cern. ch/conference. Display. py? conf. Id=0514 15
Biblioteca digitale italiana National Project of National Libraries http: //www. iccu. sbn. it/bdi. html Italian Culture on the net http: //www. italicon. it/ 16
Digital Library Trends in Italy Academic and research libraries innovation and rationalisation E-book stimulus for innovating public libraries Retrospective collection digitsation in national libraries 17
E-publishing University press http: //epress. unifi. it/CMpro-v-p-148. html Institutional repositories http: //dspace-unipr. cilea. it: 8080 E-publisher http: //digital. casalini. it/ 18
Scholars Digital Collections Biblioteca italiana CIBIT, consortia of 14 Universities (L'Aquila, Cassino, Ferrara, Genova, Messina, Napoli, Padova, Pavia, Pisa, Roma "La Sapienza", Torino, Trento, Udine e Venezia), Chair Prof. Amedeo Quondam 1700 selected works of Italian writers (in XML format) – http: //www. bibliotecaitaliana. it/ 19
Scholars Digital Collections: History of Science Institute and Museum Digital Library • http: //www. imss. fi. it/biblio/indice. html Galileo Blog • http: //brunelleschi. imss. fi. it/portalegalileo/indice. html 20
Scholars Digital Collections: Middle Ages (Medieval) Network Consortia of Universities (Firenze, Napoli, Palermo, Venezia e Verona) –http: //www. retimedievali. it/ 21
Libraries digital collections: Biblioteca digitale italiana BDI Started in 2001, with the aim of realising and supporting: • Digitisation Chart • Interoperability • Training http: //www. bibliotecadigitaleitaliana. it/ 22
Publishers collections in cooperation with libraries http: //www. bibliotecaitaliana. it/exist/Scrittori. Italia/index. x ml 287 books, in total 125. 171 imagines. All the ebooks are open access, inside the agreement with the publisher and the Italian Government. 23
Academic libraries Project PLEIADI (Portale per la Letteratura scientifica Elettronica Italiana su Archivi aperti e Depositi Istituzionali) is a collaboration between university consortia CASPUR and CILEA http: //www. openarchives. it/pleiadi/ 24
Digital collections Enumerate (2012) 25
Estimated % to be digitised (Enumerate 2012) 26
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Required functionalities – Functionalities different from information retrieval (navigation, virtual space for collaboration, etc); – Links and other form of collaboration with other cultural institutions (formal and informal collaboration); – Integration of different digital collections with one access interface; – Interaction with the user (personalisation). 28
Portal Usability There remains a need for work on both institutional and subject portals TEL&Europeana aim: communicating cultural heritage • Portal scope: to bring together all cultural content (ALM) AMT – Dependent on users: users as advisory board – Dependent on technology: DILL 5 -like Google? Wikipedia? Look 2012 2 9 29
ALM Convergence Interoperability: – common standards and open access, – with all initiatives using the same concepts and terminologies Networked based sharing - raw data, and materials. AMT DILL 5 - 2012 30
Digital Library as boundary object The concept of digital library adopted by the Digital Renaissance Foundation survey is that of a “boundary object”: a virtual space for facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration and sharing digital resources (Borgman 2003).
Background Digital Renaissance Foundation first study (2006) found that access to digital library is limited by obstacles as: Collection selection criteria based on commercial and/or copyright limitations Lack of awareness of digital collections Limited access functionalities, restrictions in re-use and manipulation Uncapabilities of users
Digital Renaissance Foundation Access study in 2008 Aim: To understand different methodological contexts and users needs Obiectives: To explore digital resources used in Italy by different scholars communities in the humanities To collect scholars perceptions and expectations of Italian digital libraries services To analyse different user capabilities of critical use of digital resources and services
Study Group University of Venice (Romanelli) University of Trento (Boschetti) University of Florence (Baldini, Loconsolo) University of Parma (Tammaro, Agnesini, Magnani, Santoro, Andorlini) Fondazione Franceschini (Degli Innocenti) Fondazione Cini (Bacchi) Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza (Casati) Istituto Rinascimento Italiano (Tozzini) European University Institute (Noiret) Cultural Heritage Institutions staff
The following questions were investigated What digital resources are created by the humanities scholars communities? Why the scholars community access and use digital resources? What expectations the scholars community has for the digital libraries? What impact can be evidenced from the use of the digital libraries in the scholars community?
Sample of humanities scholars Archeology Classical Studies Communications and Media studies Drama, Dance, Music Education Arts History Languages Linguistics Literature Philosophy Architecture
Methodology Digital resources used or created by digital humanities users What is their value? Who manage and preserve them? Users expectations/satisfaction of Italian Digital Libraries functionalities Concerns-Based Adoption Model (Hall and Loucks 1979) analysis by discipline Impact, change in learning and teaching
Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) Stage of concern Indicator 1. Informational User has information of digital resources and wants to know more (digital library, portal, gateways, special collections). 2. Personal User applies digital library to his learning and teaching habits 3. Management User identifies issues and obstacles and adapts learning and teaching 4. Output, consequence User evaluates relevance and impact on learning and teaching 5. Co-laboration User shares resources and cooperates with other communities 6. Innovation, refocusing User looks for alternative ways of using digital resouces and services
Data collecting tools The semi-structured interviews by telephone were the tool for collecting data and, following these, in depth interviews were done in presence to selected experts of these communities. Two focus groups were organised for two different communities of practice.
Findings Classic philology Philosophy Education Architecture
Classical philology community How it will affect me? Research broader and faster Large use of digital library content and Web resources How can I use these efficiently? Creation of digital content but prevention for Open Access How can I organise myself? Difficulty in understand the difference between software, content and services Is this changing myself? No PDF but possibility of re-use How can I relate what I am doing to International community collaborating on corpora what others are doing? Is there something which can work better? Collaboration with computer science. The use and manipulation they need is a niche need
Education community How it will affect me? Research in Data Bases is the most used, appreciate more information access Few Italian subject resources on line How can I use these efficiently? Individual use but not spread. At least 4 different sections in the community. Only one scholar community active in digital library but not producing content How can I organise myself? It is seen parallel and integrated with the printed resources Is this changing myself? Obstacles of copyright; not enough content available How can I relate what I am doing to Few collaboration with international communities what others are doing? Is there something which can work better? Wish of Open Educational Resources
Philosophy community How it will affect me? Limited use, related to availability of digital library infrastructure in the University How can I use these efficiently? Use of research in data bases. Preference for printed sources and physical library How can I organise myself? Weak capabilities and defensive behaviour Is this changing myself? No change in research behaviour How can I relate what I am doing to Competition more than collaboration behaviour what others are doing? Is there something which can work better? Creation of small digital collection. Promotion and information literacy training
Architecture community How it will affect me? Use of data base on legislation in architecture. Research starting from Google and search engines How can I use these efficiently? Finding imagines. Use for learning materials How can I organise myself? High expectations as easy access to few pertinent resources at now cost in specialised colelctions Is this changing myself? Need of personalisation of services and interactions How can I relate what I am doing to -----what others are doing? Is there something which can work better? Improvement of the Projects Archives. Integration with elearning and laboratories on line
Conclusions The first findings of the survey have evidenced that all the humanities scholars communities in Italy are changing their information seeking behaviour. Classic philology community is more advanced than others and is involved in international collaboration projects
Conclusions Other scholars communities are in earlier adaptation stages and have different expectations Needs of infrastructure availability, staff special competences and promotion of personalised services
Thank you for your attention Grazie per la vostra attenzione Anna Maria Tammaro University of Parma, Department of Information Technology Viale Usberti 181/a, 43100 Parma (Italy) e-mail: annamaria. tammaro@unipr. it 47
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