UNESCO GRAPHIC project Groundwater Resources Assessment under the

UNESCO GRAPHIC project Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Change

GRAPHIC Vision GRAPHIC promotes and advances sustainable groundwater management in the face of climate change and linked human impacts. GRAPHIC Mission GRAPHIC provides a platform for exchange of information through case studies, thematic working groups, research, and communication. GRAPHIC serves the global community through providing scientifically-based recommendations that are policy relevant. GRAPHIC uses regional and global networks to improve capacity to manage groundwater resources.

Aims/Rationale of GRAPHIC State the problem. What is the problem? How to investigate this problem? Apply scientific methods. Identify relevant indicators of change (climatic and human impacts). Fill knowledge gaps. Mitigation and adaptation. Must suggest some mitigation/proposals that will be relevant for policy. Concrete proposals based on scientific evidence. Communication strategy (to policy makers). Stake-holder engagement, to improve upon the message.

GRAPHIC International group of experts and partnerships Established partnerships with: USGS, USDA, NASA, NGWA, RIHN, IGRAC, IAH, CCCCC, Universities in Canada, The Netherlands, UK, Brazil, Argentina, Spain, Italy, …), Geological Surveys (TNO, BGR, BRGM), CPWC, WWAP, UNU-EHS, ICHARM Potential partnerships with: IPCC, UNECE, GWEX, IGWCO, IAHS, International and regional levels …

Structure of GRAPHIC: Subjects & Issues Water Quantity (Recharge/Discharge/Storage) - Water balance Water Quality Interdependencies - Vadose-zone processes - Surface-water [fresh and saline] - Water-Use Sectors - Ecosystems - Human (Socioeconomic, Human health, Population/demographics) - Hazards (flooding, subsidence, landscapes, etc) - Climate feedbacks Management and policy

Structure of GRAPHIC: Methods IGRAC

Structure of GRAPHIC: Methods Information systems - Centralized data resources - Data and metadata requirements - Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Environmental Monitoring - Network design - Detection of climate change signals - Detection of spatiotemporal trends in GW quality and quantity Paleo-Indicators of Environmental Change - Past climate change - Response of hydrological systems to climate change Remote sensing - GRACE satellite - Land Use/Land Cover change analyses - Landsat and other sensors Geochemical, Isotopic, Bio-Indicator Studies Geophysical Methods Simulation and Modeling Inter-Regional Comparative Studies

Structure of GRAPHIC: Case studies (existing and potential)

Regional components of GRAPHIC and groups of experts GRAPHIC - Latin America & Caribbean (Belize meeting, Nov. 2007) GRAPHIC - Asia & Pacific (Toyama, Oct. 2008; Jaipur, 2008) GRAPHIC – Africa (Kampala, June 2008) GRAPHIC – Europe (EGU Vienna, April 2008) GRAPHIC – North America (San Francisco, Dec. 2008) Linkages with other UNESCO-IHP projects and programmes HELP (Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy) ISARM (Internationally Shared/Transboundary Aquifer Resources Management) G-WADI (Water and Development Information for Arid Lands – A Global Network) JIIHP (Joint International Isotopes Hydrology Programme) GWES (Groundwater for Emergency Situations) GWHS (Groundwater for Human Security)

Future activities of GRAPHIC Activities, Meetings and Conferences Belize meeting, 19 -21 Nov 2007 [1 st GRAPHIC LAC meeting] Kampala, Uganda meeting – June 25 -28 th, 2008 [6 th GRAPHIC Expert meeting; 1 st GRAPHIC Africa meeting] IAH, Toyama, Japan – October 26 to November 1, 2008 [1 st GRAPHIC Asia meeting] International Conference on Water Scarcity, Global Changes and Groundwater Management Responses 1 -6 December 2008: Irvine, California [GRAPHIC contribution] International Groundwater Conference on Groundwater Dynamics and Global Change, 11 -14 March 2008, Jaipur, India [GRAPHIC session] 5 th World Water Forum, Istanbul, March 2009 [GRAPHIC session] EGU 2008 AGU, San Francisco, USA December 2008 [1 st North American GRAPHIC meeting] GRAPHIC-LAC: Conference of water experts and climate in Brazil, 2008 GRAPHIC-LAC: Workshop in 2009

UNESCO - GRAPHIC project Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Change Kampala 2008 Conference topics: • Groundwater-based livelihoods • Groundwater-fed ecosystems • Monitoring and Modelling Groundwater use and replenishment • Estimation of groundwater resources and demand • Groundwater management

Future activities of GRAPHIC 2008 -2009 Publications and dissemination documents New expanded GRAPHIC Brochure – January 2008, suggested title: “GRAPHIC: Scientific Advance in Vision and Framework” Publication on selected GRAPHIC case studies document - June 2008 A World of Science – Newsletter (GRAPHIC article on Groundwater and Climate Change in the April, 2008 issue) State of the Art document – ready for World Water Forum in March, 2009 3 -page Policy Brief on Groundwater & Climate Change for the World Water Forum, March 2009 Educational brochures 2009 Kampala conference proceedings on CD – June 2008 Publication of case studies by region, resulting from regional meetings. 2009 Electronic Forum (blog) on Major GRAPHIC Themes Open to other experts, public domain. IGRAC to help establish this e-forum Explore this digital discussion options

International Programmes and Initiatives IPCC Interngovernmental Panel on Climate Change UNFCCC United Nations Framework Covention on Climate Change World Climate Research Programme (WMO, UNESCO-IOC, ICSU) UNECE Water Convention's Task Force on Water and Climate GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment IGWCO Integrated Global Water Cycle Observations CPWC Cooperative Programme on Water and Climate Change IAH Working group on groundwater and climate change IAHS International Comission on the Coupled Land-Atmosphere System International Comission on Groundwater WWAP-WWDR 3 World Water Assessment Programme ICHARM International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management CCCCC Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre IGRAC International Groundwater Resources Assessment Center

Selected GRAPHIC case studies 1. Evaluation Of Future Climate Change Impacts On European Groundwater Resources, Kevin Hiscock, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich UK 1. Recharge Modeling for Climate Change Studies: Advances and Challenges, the Abbotsford aquifer, Grand Forks valley and the south Okanagan valley, Diana Allen, Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC (Canada) 2. Case studies in Latin America and Caribbean: Brazil, Henrique Chaves, University of Brasilia and Argentina, Litoral Area, Ofelia Tuchjneider, Universidad de Litoral. 3. Current GRAPHIC-related research activities in the humid tropics of East Africa, Richard Taylor, University College London UK, (Uganda) 4. Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Groundwater Resources in The Netherlands, Gualbert Oude Essink, TNO (The Netherlands) 5. Interrelation between the sea and groundwater in Israel – past, present and future, Yoseph Yechieli, Geological Survey of Israel 6. Evaluating human activities and climatic effects on ground water in the High Plains Aquifer, USA, Jason Gurdak, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO (USA) 7. Climatic and Human Influences on Groundwater in Low Atolls, Ian white (Pacific) Human Impacts on urban subsurface environment in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Basin, Makoto Taniguchi, RIHN Institute, (Japan) 8. Climate change impacts in groundwater resources in a Mediterranean island, Mallorca, Lucila Candela, UPC, (Spain)

Potential Case studies • Latin America and Caribbean region: Brazil (human impact), Trinidad (Human and potential climate change), Bahamas (climate variability and change), Jamaica (climate variability and change), and Argentina (climate change in de Litoral area). A case study in Central America has been identified. • Himalayas • Northern China Plain • Mali • Southern British Columbia • Southern Europe (Spain, Italy) • Humid Tropics – East Africa and China • Delta and Coastal Areas

GRAPHIC Activities to Date 1 st GRAPHIC expert meeting at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, on Mar. 1 -3 2004, kickoff meeting for GRAPHIC. 2 nd GRAPHIC expert meeting at University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, on April 3 -5, 2005. 1 st International Symposium on GRAPHIC (and 3 rd GRAPHIC expert meeting) was held at Kyoto, Japan, on April 4 -6, 2006. Special section in Vadose Zone Journal (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. ) on GRAPHIC were published in August, 2007. 4 th GRAPHIC expert meeting held in Estes Park, Colorado on 1720 September 2007. Definition of GRAPHIC workplan for IHP-VII Activities on GRAPHIC to date described in detail at: http: //www. chikyu. ac. jp/USE/GRAPHIC/meeting. htm

Future activities of GRAPHIC Scientific discussions Regional GRAPHIC meetings and case studies Workshops of expert groups International Conferences and Symposia E-fora Dissemination and communication Publications and brochures Journals Web-site (RIHN) Information resources Information system on Groundwater and Climate (IGRAC)