Understanding and Troubleshooting Your PC
Chapter Objectives Ø In this chapter, you will learn: – About how peripherals work – How to connect peripherals using ports, wireless connections, and expansion slots – About input and output devices – About multimedia technologies Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 2
An Overview of Peripherals Ø Input is any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer Ø An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions Ø Output is data that has been processed into a useful form Ø An output device is any hardware component used to convey this information to a user Ø A peripheral device can be connected to the computer in an expansion slot, via a cable that connects to a port, or using a wireless connection Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 3
Converting Analog and Digital Data Ø Humans process data that is analog, while computers process digital data Ø Computers use an analog-to-digital conversion to convert all analog input into digital values before processing the data Ø To output information, computers perform digital-to-analog conversions to convert the digital data back into analog form Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 4
Installing Peripheral Devices Ø Install the device – Internal – External Ø Install the device driver – The driver must be written specifically for the operating system installed on your PC Ø Install the application software – Application software packages are built to interface with the device driver Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 5
Connecting Peripherals Using Ports Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 6
Using Serial Ports Ø Serial ports are used to connect input devices and transmit data in single bits Ø A serial port conforms to the standard interface called RS-232 c (RS-232 port) Ø This standard originally called for 25 pins, but newer computers only use 9 pins Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 7
Using Serial Ports Ø Serial ports rely on a special controller chip called the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) – DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) – DCE (Data Communications Equipment) Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 8
Using Parallel Ports Ø A parallel port transmits data in parallel, eight bits at a time Ø A parallel port generally is used for fast transmission of data over short distances Ø A parallel port sometimes is referred to as a DB-25 connector, which indicates that it has 25 pins on the connector Ø Parallel ports are considered bidirectional Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 9
Parallel Port Technologies Ø The standard parallel port (SPP) is an 8 -bit standard port first introduced in 1987 Ø Enhanced parallel port (EPP) allows for bidirectional data transfer about 10 times faster than the standard parallel port Ø The extended capabilities port (ECP) allows for bidirectional data transfer at speeds slightly faster than EPP Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 10
Configuring Parallel Ports Ø Parallel ports use port assignments of LPT 1 or LPT 2 Ø Use CMOS to configure parallel ports that are connected directly to the motherboard Ø To connect a printer or other device to a parallel port, simply connect the device cable to the port and install any required drivers or software Ø If the parallel port is not working, check the CMOS setup to ensure it is enabled Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 11
Using USB Ports Ø The USB port was designed to make the installation of peripheral devices as effortless as possible Ø USB uses Plug and Play technology and this allows for hot-swapping or hot-plugging Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 12
Using USB Ports Ø The universal serial bus is controlled by a USB host controller, which is included in the chip set for most motherboards Ø A motherboard can have two USB host controllers, each of which can be enabled or disabled using CMOS setup Ø You can daisy chain up to 127 peripherals together using USB cables Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 13
USB Technologies Ø The latest version of USB, USB 2. 0, allows for data transmission speeds of 480 Mbps, and is almost 40 times faster than USB 1. 0 and USB 1. 1 Ø USB 2. 0 is also called Hi-Speed USB or USB 2 Ø Most devices connected to a USB port receive power through the USB port and therefore do not require an additional power cable Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 14
Installing a New USB Device Ø To install a USB device, you need the following: – A motherboard that provides a USB port – A USB device and its device drivers – An OS that supports USB Ø Before installing a USB device, carefully read and follow the device documentation Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 15
Using Fire. Wire (IEEE 1394) Ports Ø A Fire. Wire port is used to connect high-speed input, output, and multimedia devices that require large data transfers – Digital video cameras – External hard drives Ø Fire. Wire provides speeds as high as 3. 2 gigabits per second Ø Fire. Wire uses isochronous data transfer, which means that data is transferred continuously over the Fire. Wire bus Ø Devices connected to a Fire. Wire port are controlled by a Fire. Wire host controller Ø Installing a Fire. Wire device involves the same basic principles as installing a USB device Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 16
Using Fire. Wire (IEEE 1394) Ports Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 17
Connecting Peripherals Using Wireless Connections Ø Infrared (IR) technology uses infrared light waves to transmit signals to other infraredenabled devices Ø Infrared technologies are often used to transfer data to and from a PDA Ø An infrared port (Ir. DA) supports infrared devices such as wireless keyboards, mice, and printers Ø Many notebook computers already have infrared ports Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 18
Connecting Peripherals Using Wireless Connections Ø Radio frequency (RF) devices use radio waves to transmit signals Ø Items blocking the line of sight will not degrade the communications, as with IR technology Ø Bluetooth and 802. 11 are two widely used radio frequency technologies – Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 19
Connecting Peripherals Using Expansion Slots Ø Expansion cards are circuit boards designed to provide additional functionality or to provide a connection to a peripheral device Ø Expansion cards are inserted into expansion slots: – PCI – AGP – ISA Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 20
Installing an Expansion Card in an Expansion Slot Ø Protect yourself and the computer from ESD Ø Shut down the computer, unplug it, and remove the case cover Ø Locate the expansion slot in which you want to install the expansion card and then remove the faceplate from the slot Ø Insert the expansion card in the expansion slot Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 21
Installing an Expansion Card in an Expansion Slot Ø Replace the cover of the computer case, power cord, and other peripherals Ø Plug in the device intended to use the port on the rear of the card Ø Reboot the computer Ø Test the device Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 22
PC Cards and Express. Cards Ø A PC Card (PCMCIA) is about the size of a credit card, but thicker, and inserts into a PC Card slot – Type III Ø The latest PCMCIA specification, Card. Bus, improves I/O speed and increases the bus width from 16 bits to 32 bits Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 23
PC Cards and Express. Cards Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 24
Keyboards Ø A keyboard is an input device with keys that users press to enter data and send instructions to a computer – Enhanced keyboard – Ergonomic keyboard Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 25
Connecting a Keyboard Ø For desktop and tower computers, keyboards connect to a PC in one of four ways: – – PS/2 connection DIN connection USB connection Wireless connection Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 26
Common Keyboard Problems Ø Several keys do not work Ø Keys continue to repeat after being released Ø Major spills on the keyboard Ø The keyboard does not work at all Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 27
Pointing Devices Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 28
Types of Mouse Units Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 29
Connecting a Mouse Ø A mouse can connect to the computer wirelessly, or using one of several ports – Serial port – USB port – PS/2 port Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 30
Maintaining and Troubleshooting a Mouse Ø Clean the mouse Ø Close any open applications and restart the computer Ø Check the mouse port connection Ø Using Device Manager and the Add New Hardware icon in the Control Panel, first uninstall and then reinstall the mouse driver Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 31
Output Devices: CRT Monitors Ø A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube (CRT) and is similar to a standard television Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 32
Output Devices: CRT Monitors Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 33
Output Devices: Flat Panel Monitors Ø A flat panel monitor, also called an LCD monitor, uses a liquid crystal display instead of a cathode-ray tube to produce images on the screen Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 34
Video Cards Ø Video cards serve as the interface between the computer and the monitor Ø Video cards can have up to four ports: – RGB video port – DVI (digital video interface) port – S-Video (Super-Video) – Composite video Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 35
Video Cards Ø Video RAM – VRAM – SGRAM – WRAM Ø AGP Technologies – Direct memory execute (DIME) Ø Graphics Accelerators – Type of video card that has its own processor Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 36
Troubleshooting Monitors and Video Cards Ø If the monitor has power but is not displaying a picture: – Check the contrast and brightness adjustments on the monitor – Check the monitor cables – Check the CMOS settings – Reseat the video card and/or move it do a different slot Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 37
Troubleshooting Monitors and Video Cards Ø If the monitor is flickering: – Check that the cable connections are snug – Check if something in the work area is causing a high amount of electrical noise – Check that the monitor refresh rate is not set too low Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 38
CPU Technologies for Multimedia Ø Intel updated their CPUs with new technologies to support multimedia applications Ø The Pentium MMX introduced MMX (Multimedia Extensions) and the Pentium III introduced Intel’s performance enhancement called Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 39
Audio Input and Output Ø A sound card is an expansion card that records sound, saves it in a file on your hard drive, and plays it back Ø A computer’s CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive is attached to the sound card internally Ø A sound card can be an expansion card or embedded on a motherboard Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 40
Sampling and Digitizing the Sound Ø The analog-to-digital converter digitizes the analog sound flowing to sound cards Ø Several factors in the sampling process affect the quality of the sound during playback: – Sampling rate – Audio resolution – Mono or stereo recording Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 41
Installing a Sound Card Ø After you are properly grounded, turn off the PC, remove the cover, and locate an empty expansion slot for the card Ø Attach the wire to the sound card and to the CD-ROM drive Ø Remove the cover from the slot opening at the rear of the PC and seat the card Ø Check again that both ends of the wire are still connected securely and do not interfere with the CPU fan. Replace the cover Ø Plug in the speakers to the ports and test Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 42
Installing a Sound Card Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 43
Troubleshooting Sound Problems Ø Is the sound cable attached between the drive and the analog audio connector on the sound card? Ø Are the speakers turned on? Is the speaker volume turned down? Is the volume control for Windows turned down? Ø Are the speakers plugged into the line “Out” or the “Spkr” port of the sound card? Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 44
Troubleshooting Sound Problems Ø Is the transformer for the speaker plugged into an electrical outlet on one end and into the speakers on the other end? Ø Is Device Manager displaying a red X to indicate the card is disabled or an exclamation point symbol to indicate a problem with the card? If the card is disabled, enable it. If another device is using the same I/O addresses or IRQ number, assign new resources to the card. Ø Is the sound card properly seated? To check for a bad connection, turn off the computer, and then remove and reinstall the sound card. If you think the sound card is the source of the problem, replace the card with one you know is good. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 45
Digital Cameras Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 46
Video Cameras and Digital Video Cameras Ø Video input is the process of capturing full motion images into a computer and storing them on a storage medium Ø A video capture card converts the analog signals from a video camera, VCR, or television for storage Ø Digital video (DV) cameras record video as digital signals instead of analog signals Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 47
MP 3 Players Ø A popular audio compression method is MP 3, a method that can reduce the size of a sound file to make it significantly smaller and easier to transfer to and from computers and audio devices, without much loss of quality Ø An MP 3 player is a device that plays MP 3 files Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 48
Chapter Summary Ø In this chapter, you learned: – About how peripherals work – How to connect peripherals using ports, wireless connections, and expansion slots – About input and output devices – About multimedia technologies Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 49
Understanding and Troubleshooting Your PC Ø Chapter 6 Complete
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