UKSG Serials Resource Management for 21 st Century

UKSG Serials Resource Management for 21 st Century Getting Technical - Linking Robert Bley Ex Libris UK Ltd.

Jargonbusting agenda! The basics of the web Linking D. I. Y. DOI & Cross. Ref Open. URL Searching NISO Metasearch (Not too much on) authentication! Open Archives Initiative – ‘e-prints’ Usage statistics Electronic Resource Management The future…(!) UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 2

How does the Web work? Data Format HTML (currently) 3 simple protocols: Addressing URL Transport HTTP Data Formats HTML (Hyper. Text Markup Language) provides the data format for documents Addressing URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an addressing mechanism for web resources Brian Kelly, Web-Focus, UKOLN Transport HTTP (Hyper. Text Transfer Protocol) defines transfer of resources between client and server UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 3

How does the Web work? The Netsoft home page 1 User clicks on link to the address (URL) http: //www. netsoft. com/hello. html 2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD): Connect to computer at www. netsoft. com GET /hello. html Welcome to Netsoft Web Browser 3 Remote computer sends file . .

Welcome to Netsoft Web server 4 Local computer displays HTML file UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 4

Other key jargon HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. A document format that allows text to be interpreted by web browsers (Internet Explorer etc) as web pages e. g. UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 5

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Other key jargon XML - Extensible Markup Language - allows creators of web documents to define their own customized tags for defining and transmitting data between applications and/or organizations UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 7

Other key jargon SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol. An XMLbased protocol for information exchange “Web services” - describes a standardized way of integrating Web applications. XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 8

Other key jargon… ONIX for Serials - a collection of XML format standards for (among many other things!) communicating electronic serials holdings details using XML. (See http: //www. editeur. org/onixserials. htm). UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 9

Linking Mechanisms URL-based include: explicit filename http: //www. ariadne. ac. uk/issue 24/intro. html derived filename, e. g. ISSN, SICI http: //www. jstor. ac. uk/journals/10624783. html script, e. g. http: //www. esajournals. org/esaonline/? request=getabstract&issn=00129658&volume=077&issue=08&page=2302 UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 10

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Linking Mechanisms The Digital Object Identifier (DOI): • A unique identifier assigned to a digital object. • A way of accessing an object (e. g. a full text article) without having to know its URL - the DOI identifies the object itself, not the place where it is stored. • Persistent - as long as the object exists, so does the DOI. UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 13

DOI: Dumb Old Identifier “Dumb” number - doesn’t relate to the object, couldn’t be guessed – similar idea to a phone number. 10. 1000/1 A 3 X-56 BZ 9 Prefix - given to the rights owner e. g. the publisher Suffix - any unique alphanumeric string e. g. 1074/jbc. M 004545200 UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 14

Cross. Ref/DOI resolution References DOI link URL to DOI Metadata Publisher http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1093/toxsci/57. 1. 95 UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 15

Open. URL (ANSI/NISO Z 39. 88) Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO: "One message we hear is that the new business model will be enabled by information technology with standards at the core. This is where NISO fits in. …over five hundred years ago Guttenberg fundamentally changed communication and learning. Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards that will enable the modern day Guttenburg Moment. Could it be the Open. URL? " UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 16

Open. URL format : : = Base URL ? Query Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i. e. the address to which the Open. URL is being sent http: //Link. Finder. Plus. library. edu? genre=article&issn=12345678&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8 &date=1998&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to identify and link to appropriate targets UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 17

Traditional linking – the old way http: //publish. aps. org/abstract/PRA/v 63/p 062103 UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 18

Smart linking with the Open. URL (e. g. OPAC or A&I database) (e. g. full text or pay -per-view etc) http: //sfx. aaa. edu/menu? genre=article&issn=0036 -8075 &volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8&date=1998 &aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 19

A & I resource as link source… Source Menu Target UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 20

E-journal reference as link source UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 21

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Searching n Huge array of library resources – different interfaces and different search syntaxes n Libraries act as “gatekeepers” to these resources n One method – simple library web page listing those resources UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 23

One answer? UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 24

Another answer: Cross-resource searching? Query form ? Diverse information resources metasearching = federated searching = cross database searching = parallel searching = broadcast searching = integrated searching UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 25

Cross-resource searching - standards Z 39. 50 – Old (pre-web) US standard for bibliographic information retrieval - defining a standard way for two computers to communicate and share information. Still the most commonly standard used by library system OPACs, publishers and database providers etc. ZING – Z 39. 50 Next Generation. Has produced two standards: SRU and SRW are similar protocols http: //www. loc. gov/z 3950/agency/zing-home. html SRU (“search & retrieve URL”) is done as a basic HTTP request (it can be in the format of a URL) whereas the search in SRW (“search & retrieve web”) is sent as an XML document wrapped in SOAP. NISO Metasearch initiative UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 26

A few words about the dark art of authentication! Distinction between - authentication (publishers (etc. ) asking “are you who you say you are”)…and… - authorization (publishers (etc. ) asking “what are you entitled to access, now that we know who you are? ”) Most publishers have “IP authentication” Every address on the Internet has a numeric equivalent – e. g. 212. 58. 224. 55 = www. bbc. co. uk An institution may “own” a range – e. g. 212. 58. 224. x Publishers may register a range or individual workstation addresses Numeric to alphabetic lookup available at http: //www. ripe. net/fcgibin/whois? Drawbacks for off-campus users, mean alternative password-based solutions exist – e. g. Athens Other options = Proxy address (legal “IP spoofing”!) and Shibboleth UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 27

Getting technical All sorted then? Pig courtesy of Tom Bishop, Royal College of Surgeons UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 28

The Open Archives Initiative • 1999 Universal Preprint Service (UPS) • Multi-disciplinary collection of technical reports, conference papers, articles, e-print servers, etc. • Services provided on “harvested metadata” • Data Providers / Service Providers • Not ‘Cross-Searching’ • OAI is only about metadata – not full text • OAI is neutral about nature of metadata and the resources described UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 29

OAI - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Simple mechanism for sharing metadata records Records shared over the web (ie HTTP as XML) ‘Client’ can ask metadata server for all records modified in last ‘n’ days info about sets, formats, etc. Specific application: self-archiving via e-print servers in/for all institutions “SHERPA” – UK project - http: //www. sherpa. ac. uk/ UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 30

Consistent, Credible & Compatible Usage Statistics Code of Practice for: Data elements to be measured Definitions of these data elements Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity Methods for measurement and use • AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDIt. EUR, JISC, NCLIS, NISO, PA, STM, UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 31

152 member organisations Code of Practice Jnls & Dbs Rel 1 Over 30 vendors compliant (in part) Developing Auditing standards & processes XML DTD for Usage Reports developed Release 2 consultation – due early 2005 Code of Practice e. Books & e. Reference UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 32

Electronic Resouces Management - ERM Basic ERM Data Elements Descriptive: Title fields, holdings, publisher, and ISSN Licensing: Authorized users, archiving rights, and cancellation allowances Financial: Price and inflation rate Administrative & Support: Administrative password and vendor contact information. Access: Authorization method and local access URI Usage or Evaluative: Number of full-text article downloads and number of searches UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 33

An E-Resources Management System: the vision “ A system that supports management of the information and workflows necessary to efficiently select, evaluate, acquire, maintain, renew/cancel and provide informed access to e-resources in accordance with their business and license terms” - Ivy Anderson, Robin Wendler (Harvard University Library) and Ellen Duranceau (MIT Libraries) UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 34

DLF ERMI entity-relationship model! http: //www. library. cornell. edu/cts/elicensestudy/home. html UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 35

Standards Statistics collection/harvesting. (SUSHI) (http: //www. library. cornell. edu/cts/elicensestudy/ermi 2/sushi/ ) License Expression Work Group (NISO + EDIt. EUR + DLF/ERMI) – working to deliver licenses in XML format SOAP & XML – tools for integration Standards and partnership between all players! UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 36

A view from the “front line…” A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell available from the Leeds eprint server http: //eprints. whiterose. ac. uk/archive/00000084/01/Cole, _A_Journey. pdf Full citation: "A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell / Louise Cole. //In: The Serials Librarian. - ISSN 0361 -526 X. - 49(2005)1/2; p. 141 -154. The author discusses the administrative problems which can still occur when looking after a large and complex portfolio of electronic resources, and focuses on some of the recurring 'nightmares‘. UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 37

Thanks! email: robert. bley@exlibris. co. uk web: http: //www. exlibrisgroup. com/ UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 38