TV in France Foreign Journalism Berdak Bayimbetov
French Television in France was introduced in 1931, making the country one of the first countries in the world to broadcast television programmes.
• By 2012, at least 95% of the French metropolitan population is expected to be covered by digital television services. • 5 HD channels (4 free and one pay) were launched in October 2008 using also the H. 264 / MPEG-4 AVC format. • 20% of the French live in the Parisian region. There are more Bretons (From Brittany) in Paris than in Brittany. • Pay TV channels were launched in September 2005 using the MPEG 4 format, unlike most of Europe which currently uses MPEG 2.
TV licensing in France • It is different from the UK system, as the TV license is paid as part of the annual tax. Yearly license costs about 116 Euros, and the television must be declared on your income tax return. • You must declare your TV even if you do not have it connected to any set top box or satellite. Your TV is still taxable even if it is not able to receive any channels. • Equally the often used excuses of; "We only get British television, not French" and "We only use it to watch videos and DVDs"! If you purchase a TV in France your address will be passed onto the authorities for tax.
Language issues on TV • French is the official language of many countries including: Switzerland, Canada, Ivory Coast, Luxembourg, Monaco, Congo and Niger. • France is one of the most visited country in the world with 75 million tourists yearly. • French was the official language of England for over 600 years. (Conquest of England in 1066. ) • It’s the official language of the United Nations. It’s the only language (along with English) that’s taught in every country in the world. • 34% of the French can speak English.
Language issues on TV • They are trying to make TV shows that sell abroad, in the image—and language—of Hollywood. • French film production is the second in the world. • The result is that in France, a country fiercely proud of its linguistic heritage, several new TV shows are being shot in English, and will be dubbed later into French when they air at home.
TV programmes A lot of French TV programmes is imported, mostly from the US, but this has not meant that French TV has lost it Frenchness. You can still find a lot of original programming, mostly thanks to the strong commitment to publicly-owned TV.
• TF 1 - Private channel founded in 1987, is the most watched in France. It is actually the heir of the first TV channel, created in the mid fifties. • A lot of TF 1's programs are much like those in the English speaking world; for example "Qui veut gagner des millions ? "(Who wants to be a millionaire? ), Survivor and numerous reality shows are its daily fair, along with movies.
• France 2/France 3 - Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between France 2 and France 3. • All these public stations that receive most of their budget through a 115 -euro TV tax that all television owners in France must pay. One positive effect is that they have fewer commercials than the private stations. • Some even have news broadcasts in languages other than French. • France 5 - Shows just about nothing but documentaries and news magazines; it only broadcasts during the day.
• French premium pay television channel launched in 1984. • It is 100% owned by the Canal+ Group. • The channel broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted.
• Arté - Public cultural channel in partnership with the German government. • Most programming consists of documentaries and movies from the world over. • Only broadcasts after 6 pm, as Arté shares the same channel as France 5. Also receives a large part of its funding through the TV tax.
• M 6 - Probably the most Americanized of any French station, showing a wide range of American films, sitcoms and dramas with some reporting. • Station markets to a younger audience.
• TV 5 MONDE is available on cable in France. It is useful for those learning the language, but also as a time shift device for viewing French programs such as the news, which are broadcast later in the day or week. It also features sub-titles on many programs and films. The web site also features a dictionary and translator.
Most-viewed channels Monthly viewing shares, April 2012 Share of total viewing (%) Position Channel Group 1 TF 1 Group 22. 6 2 France Télévisions (state-owned) 14. 4 3 M 6 Group 11. 3 4 France 3 France Télévisions 9. 1 5 France Télévisions 3. 6 6 TMC TF 1 Group 3. 6 7 Canal + Canal+ Group 3. 5 8 W 9 M 6 Group 3. 2
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