Turkmenistan Population 6 million people The territory of

Turkmenistan Population: 6 million people. The territory of the country: 491 thousand km 2 Capital: Ashgabat Density of population: 12 pers/km 2

State in the Central Asia. On the North it borders with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, on the East by Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, on the South by Afghanistan and Iran. In the West it is washed by the Caspian sea

The state устройство. Глава of the state and Executive power президент. Гурбангулы Berdymukhammedov, the Higher representative body - Hal Maslakhaty (people's Council)is the Highest legislative body - the Majlis (Parliament).

The state emblem of Turkmenistan represents an octahedron green with yellow-gold edging, on which are inscribed the two circles of blue and red colors. Circles are divided between a yellow-Golden stripes of equal width. Against the green background of the octahedron around the red circle shows the main elements of the national wealth and the symbols of state. At the bottom of the " seven disclosed пятистворчатых boxes of white cotton with green leaves. In the middle part - wheat-ears of yellow-Golden color, the two swords on each side of the coat of arms. In the upper part - the Crescent and five-pointed stars of white color On the ring band the red circle the size of a 2 -diameter blue circle shows clockwise five basic carpet gels: ахалтеке, салыр, the ersary, човдур, йомут, which symbolize friendship and solidarity of the Turkmen people. In the blue circle is depicted Yanardag Akhal-Teke horse is the first and life President of independent neutral Turkmenistan Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the great, the pride of the Turkmen, the personification of classic design unique Akhal-Teke breed In 1992 -2003, the coat of arms of Turkmenistan was a round shape. According to the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov, who offered to change the image of the emblem, the octagon from ancient times the Turkmen people is considered a symbol of abundance, peace and tranquility

THE FLAG AND THE EMBLEM OF TURKMENISTAN

The culture and people of Turkmenistan

Know why the East is famous for its hospitality? Because of its residents sincerely believe that the guest is sent by Allah. As a guest you will meet, such an honor to give the most high. Even in ancient times , wandering in deserts families and experiencing all the difficulties associated with it, people without the support of each other simply would not have survived. Do not have a reception weary traveler, was considered very bad manners. From such a man turned away even close relatives. Very hospitable and Turkmen hospitality is the most distinguishing feature of these friendly people. Turkmen often judge a person by the way he treats his guests. A guest is greeted with the words «Sexy гелдиниз!» and, moreover, say the ritual phrases: «How glad we are to see you! The honour you have!» Not sit down with туркменом at the table, not the taste of the food, not to drink camel's milk, thus greatly offend a man who genuinely trying to be. We know that the people of the East prefer to dine , sitting on the floor. But in a mandatory procedure for the guest стелится the best cloth, on which are placed all of the food. By the way, the attack on the tablecloth in no case it is impossible, because the Turkmen she is considered to be sacred, and then, stepping on the tablecloth, you commit sin. Also the Turkmen very anxious attitude to the salt and the bread. For them, the products are sacred, and are also in no case it is impossible to advance. Turkmen kitchen , a few monotonous, but is very tasty and nourishing. Mainly of meat ( mutton, bird), flour ( чуреки )and dairy ( chal ). And of course it is necessary to say a few words about green tea. Turkmen green tea drink, and will always drink in huge quantities. This is one of the favorite drinks.

The traditional respect of senior

The respectful attitude to seniors is also based on ancient traditions. It is inadmissible not to fulfill their request, to argue with them, look at them from under his brows, or to Express their discontent, wait gratitude for the service rendered or remind of it. Customs require honoring parents and seniors. The Turkmen proverb says: «Gold and silver do not grow old, the father and mother are priceless» . The father, as head of the family has the right to evaluate the actions of their children, as well as the duty to defend them. Children should worship their mothers and respect her. The slightest manifestation of disrespectful treatment or neglect to the mother is not only condemned by the others, but must immediately be stopped.

The traditions of morality § § § Turkmen - moral people. In his attitude toward life they cultivated hospitality, honoring elders, modesty, generosity, truthfulness, honesty, courage, generosity of soul. «A noble man, says the Turkmen proverb says, if promises, be sure to keep his word» . Turkmen highly value the concept of honor. «My honor is the honor of my family, my nation, my people» , - like to repeat them. The Turkmen highly developed spirit of kinship. Turkmen have always appreciated sincerity. «Tell the truth, even if it is against you, » says a popular wisdom. Honoured duty and obligation, condemns the light-mindedness and garrulity. In the Turkmen society has always negatively treated malignant, considering that «the one who gossips to you, gossip and your address. » And, of course, condemned such unworthy features, as cowardice, ingratitude. Turkmen value friendship and love, maintain good relations with the neighbours. There are many popular sayings on this subject: «Before building a house, find out who your neighbor» , «Live in the neighborhood with happy you will be happy» , «first of all take care of a neighbour» , «a Close neighbor is better than a brother far way» .

§ § § § § Rich and diverse oral expressions of the Turkmen people. Legends and traditions, legends and дестаны, songs and lamentations, Proverbs and riddles - here it is far not the full list of his types and genres. Humor and satire occupy a special place: they are rightfully called the pearls of wisdom. Turkmen folklore began to emerge in the ancient times. For centuries he supplemented, varied, capturing the historical experience of the working masses, their hard, though not always successful struggle against the «evil forces» of nature and the human society for freedom, happiness and bright future. To love the work, high moral qualities - kindness, justice, honor to have received the artistic embodiment of also in satirical and humorous works. But their main content is denunciation of human weaknesses; shortcomings and the vices of the representatives of the ruling classes shahs, khans, merchants and Baev, the mullahs and the Ishanov. Folklore was created different layers of the population and in various historical epoch. So it is quite natural that reflects he cultural-household level, views, world-view of its founders; corresponds to the way of life and way of life.

Carpet industry § § § The art of Turkmen carpet weaving originated not less than six millennia ago. The ancient Turkmen tradition of the manufacture of carpets is confirmed by the numerous archaeological findings, as well as written sources, which tells about the extraordinarily beautiful carpets from Parthia, which was previously on the territory of modern Turkmenistan. Turkmen carpets are original and do not resemble the rugs other peoples of any technique or ornament, or color solutions. The color palette of a Turkmen carpet prevails claret colour, which is a backdrop. And for ornament are used dark colors of blue, green, black, and orange and raspberry ornament. The black color is an integral component of the pattern of a Turkmen carpet and represents the element of water, and as the water surrounds the earth, and ornamental elements of the black color is framed by all the other ornaments of the carpet, by defining and dividing one ornamental element from another. According to tradition, in the Turkmen carpet weaving use only natural materials, that allows to achieve the typical, traditional colors, and as a raw material from the earliest times use only the best grades of the wool of local breeds of sheep. Very high quality and practical carpets, great tolerate adverse effects in the form of moisture or dirt, create a cosiness in the house and pleasing to the eye with its beauty.

Wards Almost all wedding clothes of Turkmen women, in addition to the direct purpose - to serve as a decoration for the bride, performed the role of a talisman. The dress of the bride consisted of various amulets designed to protect her from evil forces, to help the preservation of health and to bring well-being.

Turkmen alabay § The Turkmen dog - алабай - a beautiful and courageous animal. For many centuries it helps Turkmen guard the flocks of cattle in heavy conditions of sandy desert. This magnificent dog is not confused with any other breed. Powerful, well built, алабай conquers nobility movements, confidence and calmness. But, who saw the fighter with the predator, he was never part with алабаем. . . Now the Turkmen wolfhound a lot of friends and admirers around the world.

Hats § Hats - the national heritage of the Turkmen § Despite the sometimes сорокаградусную the heat of the Turkmen elders walk in the big shaggy fur hats, than cause a great deal of surprise tourists. However, this unique headdress, coined by the Turkmen back in ancient times, on the contrary, saves us from the intense heat.

Akhal-Tekes § Horse for Turkmen has always been a sacred animal. It is difficult to imagine a Turkmen without a horse. «The horse is an equal member of a Turkmen family» , they say. Careful and anxious attitude to the horse Turkmen carried through the Millennium. Already in the V century BC. e. «the father of history» Herodotus reported that the ancestors of the Turkmen, selected a horse symbol of the sun, so as, in their view, the fastest star in the sky should match the fastest on earth animal.

Pretty clothes For cutting and sewing of wedding dresses chose certain days, considered by Muslims successful. It affected the well-being of the bride. Masters of dress in the house of the bride of the tissue, donated by the groom. Cutting out the dress respected in the village woman, the mother of many children, surrounded by close friends of the bride. They took the crop material happiness. Muslim headscarf The wedding ritual significant was the handkerchief. The «maiden of the» (wedding the bride) women from the village carried wedding hospitality, sweets in узелках of handkerchiefs. When leaving they returned nodes with gifts, equivalent brought.

§ The most vivid representatives of the traditional art of Turkmen bakhshi musicians, storytellers, singing and playing the dutar. Musicians, bahshi at all times enjoyed in Turkmenistan special honour and respect. Bakhshi wander owls their songs from country to country. And in every place people in advance prepared for the meeting: think through the questions for the interviews, the location for the event, entertainments, etc. They spread a carpet on the big platform in the middle of the breeding of a big fire, which covers all present and in a few meters from it lay a cloth-dastarkhan and set various sweets, fruit, IX chelpeck (thinly sliced fried dough) and other treats. Listen to bakhshi gather up to two thousand человек. По Muslim custom, bakhshi wear special clothes: don (heavy coat on a cotton wool), тельпек (cap from the wool of white and black sheep), a white shirt, on his feet with boots of soft skin and wide trousers. They drink water, taken from their own well, and use their utensils, carry it with you everywhere in the fabric виде. Бахши begins to sing in five-six o'clock in the evening and ends at eight or nine in the morning. Every two hours, he takes a short break (10 -15 minutes), during which time drinking tea and talking with people. The musician is constantly accompanied by an assistant, who knows well his habits and tastes. § National musical инструменты. Дутар is a string musical instrument. The word comes from two Iranian words: du - two, tar - string. The most ancient musical instrument (around III. ) - Oscar. This is the brass ceramic instrument, the sound similar to a flute. It became widely popular not only in Central Asia but also in India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Kazakhstan. Gopuz - stringed plucked instrument, equipped with a vibrating at a game tongue. Musician holds it with his lips and at the same time manipulating language. So was born a very unusual sound. Popular stringed instrument of the Turkmen - gidjak. In contrast to the dutar and is played with a bow. He was called Oriental violin.

§ Folk songs is a very ancient art. On the content they are diverse and connected with different aspects of life of the people. Mother lulled children lullabies, children sing in the game, there is a maiden, wedding songs; labour, performed during the weaving cloth and carpets, milking camels, at the hand mill. § Very popular is the national epos - дестан. This is a musical-poetic legends, fairy tales, legends, stories, which are recited drawlingly. In дестанах alternates prose narrative and poetic fragment of a poem, which are sung to the accompaniment of dutar. § Originality of Turkmen music is expressed in the original manner of singing. The singers sing the great tension of the vocal chords and mostly very high voice. The peculiarities of natural landscapes (steppes and deserts) and a nomadic way of life have developed in Turkmen habit to talk loudly. Hence the loud singing, sharply contrasting with soft, gentle sound of dutar. § Traditional wedding rituals. Bridal the Turkmens have always been accompanied by numerous customs and ceremonies. The main role in their fulfillment played clothes. It was believed that even has a magical value, performing the functions of a talisman and purification.

AVAZA § Avaza resort on the East of the Caspian sea, the national tourist zone of Turkmenistan, in 12 km from the city of Turkmenbashi. Is situated in the Balkan velayat.