Tundra soils Completed: Ahmetbekov Mukhtar AL-205 Check:
What is a tundra? 4 Tundra (from the Finnish tunturi- naked hill) - a treeless area, located north of the boreal forest along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. To the north of the islands are located in the ocean arctic desert with sparse vegetation.
The soils of the tundra 4 Soils are thin tundra, tundra-gley and peaty, they are infertile. Everywhere is widespread permafrost soils with a thin active layer. In the Asian tundra interspersed patches peaty soils and areas where liquid mud under the influence of permafrost phenomena spilled through the cracks on the surface.
The soils of the tundra 4 The main feature of the tundra - marshes in the harsh climate, high relative humidity, strong winds and permafrost. The plants in the tundra are pressed against the surface of the soil, forming interwoven shoots as a pillow. For tundra soils characterized by high snow cover, which is due to strong winds demolished, permafrost in the soil affects its fertility. For the summer, the tundra is characterized by the absence of snow cover.
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The present tundra gley and peaty ashed. For soils Tundra is characterized by high snow that resists most of the year (9 months) permafrost in the soil and its infertility
Using tundra soils in agriculture The main branch of production in the Arctic tundra is a reindeer. Very slowly, but it is moving and agriculture. In some areas began to grow potatoes, cabbage, radish, carrots, turnips, and other vegetables. In experimental stations and on state farms and grow some crops. Mastering the new land, take into account the adverse factors that are inherent in tundra soils. Therefore, the main tasks of soil cultivation are their drainage, activation of biological processes, improve aeration, elimination of harmful effects of frost and more. To the soil was suitable for use for agricultural purposes, it fertilized with manure, peat, organic and mineral fertilizers. The soil of the tundra, testing the effect of domestication changes. The best indicator is the decline in the permafrost. Its influence on plant growth is greatly reduced.
The composition and properties of typical tundra gley soil
The soils of the tundra zone: a - typical tundra gley; b - tundra illuvial-humus
Сonclusion For typical tundra gley soils characterized by deep soaking the soil with humus entire profile and its accumulation in suprapermafrost layer, the low rate of mineralization (decomposition) of organic matter and humus large absorption capacity. The high content of exchangeable bases in the upper layers due to their biological accumulation as a result of mineralization of plant residues
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