Trustworthy Semantic Web Lecture 13 Knowledge Management

Trustworthy Semantic Web Lecture #13 Knowledge Management + E-Business + Semantic Web = Semantic E-Business Dr. Bhavani Thuraisingham October 2, 3006

3/18/2018 13: 43 2 Outline of the Unit 0 What is Knowledge Management? 0 Basic concepts: Components and Models 0 Organizational Learning Process 0 Knowledge Management Architecture 0 Secure Knowledge Management and Trust Negotiation 0 Knowledge Models 0 Directions 0 Integration of KM with E-Business and Semantic Web 0 Topic for lecture #14

3/18/2018 13: 43 3 What is Knowledge Management 0 Knowledge management, or KM, is the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual property and knowledge-based assets 0 KM involves the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge 0 Reference: http: //www. commerce-database. com/knowledge- management. htm? source=google

3/18/2018 13: 43 4 Knowledge Management Components Knowledge Components of Management: Components, Cycle and Technologies Components: Strategies Processes Metrics Cycle: Knowledge, Creation Sharing, Measurement And Improvement Technologies: Expert systems Collaboration Training Web

3/18/2018 13: 43 5 Knowledge Models 0 Level 1: Highest Level - Mental models utilized by psychologists - Social models (e. g. social network models) used by sociologists 0 Level 2: Mid-level - Models utilized by expert systems - Process modeling 0 Level: Bottom level - Models understood by machines - E. g. , rule-based, frame-based, etc.

3/18/2018 13: 43 6 Organizational Learning Process s ive t cen In Identification Creation Source: Reinhardt and Pawlowsky Diffusion Tacit, Explicit Metrics Integration Modification Action also see: Tools in Organizational Learning http: //duplox. wz-berlin. de/oldb/forslin. html

3/18/2018 13: 43 7 Six Principals of Effective Learning • Effective Learning Requires: · Understanding 1) Mental models, paradigms, context, observation, assumptions, opinion, fact, truth 2) Systems Thinking - Variation · Skills 3) Ability to challenge assumptions 4) Listen to Understand · Process 5) Complete observe, assess (reflection, gain understanding), design (develop theory, prediction, vision), implement (test), cycle 6) Teach others

3/18/2018 13: 43 Knowledge Management Metrics The Goal of Metrics · Measuring Success (How am I doing? ) · Benchmarking (How am I comparatively doing? ) · Tracking Improvement (Am I getting better? ) · Direct · future investment (technology, employees) · strategy · alignment (culture, incentives) “One way to ensure your doing worse is to not measure” Adapted from Pressman 8

3/18/2018 13: 43 9 Learning By-Product Measures · Papers in Competitive Journals and Magazines · Percentage New Technology compared to all Technology · Process Cycle Time · Employee Surveys · Involvement with decisions · Recognition for work achieved · Access to information · Rewarding risk taking · Overall Satisfaction · Employee Retention · ‘Employee Suggestion Process

3/18/2018 13: 43 Knowledge Management: Incentive-based Approaches Receiver Teacher Positive Incentives • Knowledge Gained • Can teach others what is learned Negative Incentives • “Knowledge Transfer Champion” prestige • Can improve knowledge Negative Incentives • Time • Unqualified teacher • Students not willing to learn 10

3/18/2018 13: 43 Knowledge Management: Strategies, Processes, Metrics and Tools Knowledge Management: Within and Across Corporations and Agencies Strategies e. g. , Management Plans; Policies; Data sharing vs. Privacy Metrics e. g. , web usage Processes e. g. , best practices Tools e. g. , Semantic Web 11

3/18/2018 13: 43 12 Knowledge Management Architecture Knowledge Creation and Acquisition Manager Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing Manager Knowledge Representation Manager Knowledge Manipulation Manager

3/18/2018 13: 43 Knowledge Exchange & Annotation Engine (KEAN) · Resides on any web-accessible knowledge base (any intranet, www) · Increases incentive to share information · Author gets positive and negative feedback about information that is submitted · Feedback system - no more publishing documents that disappear into the ether · Prestige - top rated document views · Quality filters steer user towards best information · Domain specific instances of KEAN are created · Works with Java enabled browser 13

3/18/2018 13: 43 14 The Three Versions of KEAN Architecture · Version 1 “beta version” · No reuse · Two-tiered · Stored procedures · Version 2 “newest version” · GUI reuse via Java. Beans · Two-tiered · JDBC access to database · Version 3 “final version” · Logic reuse via Enterprise Java. Beans (EJB) · Three-tiered · CORBA access to objects

3/18/2018 13: 43 15 Structure of Version 1 - Beta Version of KEAN Stored Procedures (PL/SQL) ORACLE WEB SERVER • Html • Java. Script • Applets • ORACLE “Thin http” client Database tier

3/18/2018 13: 43 16 Structure of Version 2 Code reuse with a two tier architecture JDBC ORACLE WEB SERVER • Kean. Beans • ORACLE “Thick” client Database tier

3/18/2018 13: 43 17 Structure of Version 3 web Server • Kean. Beans CORBA ORB • EJB “thin” client middle tier RDBMSs and OODBMS server tier

3/18/2018 13: 43 18 Secure Knowledge Management 0 Protecting the intellectual property of an organization 0 Access control including role-based access control 0 Security for process/activity management and workflow - Users must have certain credentials to carry out an activity 0 Composing multiple security policies across organizations 0 Security for knowledge management strategies and processes 0 Risk management and economic tradeoffs 0 Digital rights management and trust negotiation

3/18/2018 13: 43 19 Trust Management and Negotiation 0 Design a Trust Model - Investigate the current trust models. Identify the inadequacies of current trust models and design a model for the semantic web/DIVO = Components include trust management, trust negotiation as well as economic tradeoffs 0 Design a Language for specifying Trust policies - Start with XML, RDF and Web Rules language and incorporate features for trust management and negotiation 0 Design and develop techniques for enforcing the trust policies - Automated Trust Negotiation: A attempts to access database D based on access control policies; However before A can access D, triggers go off and owner of D exchanges credential information with A (

3/18/2018 13: 43 20 Knowledge Management for Coalitions Knowledge for Coalition Export Knowledge Component Knowledge for Agency A Component Knowledge for Agency C Component Knowledge for Agency B

3/18/2018 13: 43 21 Status and Directions 0 Knowledge management has exploded due to the web 0 Knowledge Management has different dimensions - Technology, Business 0 Tools are emerging 0 Need effective partnerships between business leaders, technologists and policy makers 0 Major direction is integrating E-Business processes and semantic web technologies for knowledge management

3/18/2018 13: 43 22 Semantic E-Business 0 E-Business processes (e. g. , order management, supply chain management, contracts management, workflow management) 0 Service oriented architectures 0 Apply semantic web technologies such as XML, RDF, Ontologies and Rules. ML to represent data and reason about the data for the ebusiness processes 0 Results in effective knowledge management as organization is getting benefits 0 The topic is called Semantic E-Business 0 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, March 2006

3/18/2018 13: 43 23 Topic for Lecture #14 0 Web Services and Service Oriented Architecture - Definitions UDDI, SOAP, etc. SAML, XACML http: //www. service-architecture. com/articles/index. html