TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN STRATEGY Keep

TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN STRATEGY Keep in Touch, 2014

When is the statement TRUE? • • THERE IS A GROUND FOR COMPARISON ON THE LEXICAL LEVEL BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND A TEXT PIECE (на лексическом уровне есть основание для сравнения между данным утверждением и отрывком текста (как правило, представленным одним предложением); THE CONTENTS OF THE LEXICAL MEANS COMPARED ARE EITHER IDENTICAL OR VERY MUCH SIMILAR (смысловое содержание сравниваемых лексических средств идентично или очень похоже) FIND WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE (НАХОДИМ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) SEE IF THEY HAVE THE SAME OR SIMILAR SENSE (СМОТРИМ, ОДИНАКОВЫЙ ЛИ ИЛИ ПОХОЖИЙ СМЫСЛ ОНИ НЕСУТ)

When is the statement TRUE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] The swallow is well known throughout its range for several reasons. Firstly, it is very distinctive, with its forked tail and characteristic acrobatic swooping flight. […]” STATEMENT: The swallow is easily noticeable because of its tail and the way it flies. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) 2) 3) «IS VERY DISTINCTIVE» / «IS EASILY NOTICEABLE» “ITS FORKED TAIL” / “ITS TAIL” “…SWOOPING FLIGHT” / “THE WAY IT FLIES” «IS VERY DISTINCTIVE» = «IS EASILY NOTICEABLE» “ITS FORKED TAIL” = “ITS TAIL” “…SWOOPING FLIGHT” = “THE WAY IT FLIES”

When is the statement TRUE? (exercises) TEXT PIECE: “[…] There may be some truth in this observation, though it is the insects the swallows feed on that seem to be more susceptible to the fall in barometric pressure that heralds a storm. […]” STATEMENT: The insects not the swallows themselves appear to predict stormy weather. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) «IT IS THE INSECTS … THAT» / «THE INSECTS NOT THE SWALLOWS…» 2) “SEEM TO …” / “APPEAR TO” 3) “… THAT HERALDS A STORM” / “…TO PREDICT STORMY WEATHER” 1) 2) 3) YES YES

When is the statement TRUE? (exercises) TEXT PIECE: “[…] This idea seems extraordinary to us, but White was not a stupid man: many of his other observations of natural life were informed and accurate. […]” STATEMENT: White’s theory seems strange to people now. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) «THIS IDEA» / «WHITE’S THEORY» 2) “SEEMS ” / “SEEMS” 3) “EXTRAORDINARY” / “STRANGE” 4) “TO US” / “TO PEOPLE” 1) 2) 3) 4) YES YES

When is the statement TRUE? (exercises) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Shakespeare, though, came clean. For him, ‘the man who hath no music in himself, Nor is not mov’d with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, strategems and spoils; The motions of his spirit are dull as night …’ Throughout his plays, Shakespeare perceives music as a healing force, an art whose practice makes man whole […]” STATEMENT: In Shakespeare’s dramas, music is seen in a positive light. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) 2) 3) «THROUGHOUT HIS PLAYS» / “IN SHAKESPEARE’S DRAMAS” “PERCEIVE MUSIC” / “MUSIC IS SEEN” “AS A HEALING FORCE” / “IN A POSITIVE LIGHT ” 1) 2) 3) YES YES

When is the statement TRUE? (exercises) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Shakespeare, though, came clean. For him, ‘the man who hath no music in himself, Nor is not mov’d with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, strategems and spoils; The motions of his spirit are dull as night …’ Throughout his plays, Shakespeare perceives music as a healing force, an art whose practice makes man whole […]” STATEMENT: In Shakespeare’s dramas, music is seen in a positive light. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) 2) 3) «THROUGHOUT HIS PLAYS» / “IN SHAKESPEARE’S DRAMAS” “PERCEIVE MUSIC” / “MUSIC IS SEEN” “AS A HEALING FORCE” / “IN A POSITIVE LIGHT ” 1) 2) 3) YES YES

When is the statement FALSE? • • THERE IS A GROUND FOR COMPARISON ON THE LEXICAL LEVEL BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND A TEXT PIECE (на лексическом уровне есть основание для сравнения между данным утверждением и отрывком текста (как правило, представленным одним предложением); THE CONTENTS OF THE ORIGINAL PIECE OF TEXT CONTRADICTS THE CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT(смысловое содержание оригинального отрывка текста противоречит смыслу утверждения) FIND WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE (НАХОДИМ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ANALYSE IF THEY ARE OPPOSITE IN SENSE (АНАЛИЗИРУЕМ, ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНЫЙ ЛИ СМЫСЛ ОНИ НЕСУТ)

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. […]” STATEMENT: The Sahara has spread slowly northwards into the Sahel region. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) «HAS SPREAD” / “HAS CREPT” 2) “NORTHWARDS” / “SOUTHWARDS” 1) “HAS SPREAD” = “HAS SPREAD” 2) “NORTHWARDS” IS NOT EQUAL TO “SOUTHWARDS”

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing […] means that grasses and plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted […]” STATEMENT: The advance of the desert is not the result of poor agricultural land use. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) 2) 3) «THIS DESERT ADVANCE” / “THE ADVANCE OF THE DESERT” “POOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE” / “POOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE” “ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES … IS / “IS NOT THE RESULT” 1) YES 2) YES 3) “ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES IS” IS NOT EQUAL TO “IS NOT THE RESULT ”

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. […]” STATEMENT: The advance of the desert is not the result of poor agricultural land use. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) «HAS SPREAD” / “HAS CREPT” 2) “NORTHWARDS” / “SOUTHWARDS” 1) “HAS SPREAD” = “HAS SPREAD” 2) “NORTHWARDS” IS NOT EQUAL TO “SOUTHWARDS”

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to converse moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals […]” STATEMENT: If there is a loss of tree cover, the deterioration in the soil is halted. 1) «LOSS OF TREE COVER” / “LOSS OF TREE COVER” 2) “DESERTIFICATION” / “DETERIORATION IN THE SOIL” 3) ANOTHER CAUSE OF / IS HALTED WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) 1) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 3) “LOSS OF TREE COVER” = “LOSS OF TREE COVER” 2) “DESERTIFICATION” = “DETERIORATION IN THE SOIL” “ANOTHER CAUSE OF” IS NOT EQUAL TO “IS HALTED”

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Every April, along with many other species of birds, the swallow arrives to spend the summer months in northern Europe, in Russia, Iran, and parts of Siberia. Here it will breed and raise its young […]” STATEMENT: The swallow is the only species of bird that migrates to spend the summer in northern Europe. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 1) 2) «THE SWALLOW” / “THE SWALLOW” “TO SPEND THE SUMMER MONTHS IN NORTHERN EUROPE” / “TO SPEND THE SUMMER IN NORTHERN EUROPE” 3) “SPECIES OF BIRDS” / “THE SPECIES OF BIRD” 4) “ALONG WITH MANY OTHER” / “ONLY” 4) 1) 2) 3) YES YES “ALONG WITH MANY OTHER” IS NOT EQUAL TO “(THE) ONLY”

When is the statement FALSE? (example) TEXT PIECE: “[…] Secondly, it is very common, and, like its near relative the house martin, lives in close proximity to human habitation, at least in rural areas. It is, however, rarely to be encountered in towns or cities[…]” STATEMENT: The swallow is frequently seen in cities. WHERE ARE THE WORDS / WORD CONSTRUCTIONS TO COMPARE? (ГДЕ ИМЕННО ТЕ СЛОВА / СЛОВЕСНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ, СЛУЖАЩИЕ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ) ARE THE CONTENTS IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR? (СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СРАВНИВАЕМЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ОДИНАКОВО ИЛИ ПОДОБНО? ) 2) 3) 4) 1) «THE SWALLOW” / “IT IS” “TO BE ENCOUNTERED” / “IS SEEN” “IN TOWNS OR CITIES” / “IN CITIES” 4) “RARELY” / “FREQUENTLY” 1) 2) 3) YES YES “RARELY” IS NOT EQUAL TO “FREQUENTLY”

When is the statement NOT GIVEN? • • THERE IS NO GROUND FOR COMPARISON ON THE LEXICAL LEVEL BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND A TEXT PIECE (на лексическом уровне НЕТ оснований для сравнения между данным утверждением и отрывком текста; THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR COMPARISON ON THE LEXICAL LEVEL BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND A TEXT PIECE (на лексическом уровне НЕТ ДОСТАТОЧНЫХ оснований для сравнения между данным утверждением и отрывком текста; ANALYSE IF THERE ARE JOINT DATA BETWEEN THE STATEMENT AND A PIECE OF TEXT (АНАЛИЗИРУЕМ, ЕСТЬ ЛИ ИФОРМАЦИЯ ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ ДАННЫМ УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕМ И КУСКОМ ТЕКСТА (НА ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОМ УРОВНЕ)