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TRIPLE PRONG INSPECTION OF CARGO FOR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES AND NUCLEAR MATERIALS Brookhaven National TRIPLE PRONG INSPECTION OF CARGO FOR DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES AND NUCLEAR MATERIALS Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph. D. Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo, CEO PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

CERBERUS- is one of the off springs of Typhoeus and Echidna. It is a CERBERUS- is one of the off springs of Typhoeus and Echidna. It is a three headed dog with a snake tail and snake heads protruding from his back. He guards the entrance to the underworld, allowing the dead to enter but, never to leave. One of the few living mortals to get past Cerberus was Orpheus who charmed it to sleep with his song during his attempt to rescue Eurydice from death. Fetching Cerberus from the underworld and displaying him to King Eurystheus was the last labor of Heracles.

CERBERUS Objective A full scale demonstration of a triple prong inspection of large cargo CERBERUS Objective A full scale demonstration of a triple prong inspection of large cargo containers for detection of explosives and nuclear materials using Gamma Resonance, Photo-Fission, and High-Z Detection Technology Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Brookhaven National Laboratory End Product PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc. CERBERUS Brookhaven National Laboratory End Product PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Basic Characteristics • Simultaneous inspection for nuclear materials and explosives • High detection CERBERUS Basic Characteristics • Simultaneous inspection for nuclear materials and explosives • High detection probability (>90%) for explosives • High throughput (1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3/hr/station) • Specific signature for explosives • Fully automated decision making • Single source can feed multiple inspection stations • Can inspect small packages and large containers • Low false alarm rate (<5%) • No residual activation or site contamination • Elemental 3 -D imaging capability Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Principles Gamma Resonance Technology, GRT is based on resonance interaction of gamma radiation CERBERUS Principles Gamma Resonance Technology, GRT is based on resonance interaction of gamma radiation with a specific level in a nucleus of an element of interest, e. g. , N, O, Cl, and detection of the transmitted incident radiation or that induced by nuclear fluorescence. Photo-Fission Technology, PFT is based on nuclear absorption of energetic gamma rays that above threshold energy induce fission in fissile materials, e. g. , U-235, Pu-239, Th-232, and subsequent detection of the emitted delayed neutrons. High-Z Detection Technology, HZT is based on attenuation of dual or triple high energy gamma beams and solving simultaneous transmission equations for resolving high- and low-z materials. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS System Main Components Resonance Gamma Beam Recoil Doppler E = (E - E CERBERUS System Main Components Resonance Gamma Beam Recoil Doppler E = (E - E 2/Mc 2)(1 + (v/c)cos ) E ~10 Me. V Target Proton Accelerator ~2 Me. V, 10 m. A Inspected Object Detectors (p, ) E 4 Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS GRT: Proof-of-Principle Nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous objects placed in a beam. Experiments carried out CERBERUS GRT: Proof-of-Principle Nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous objects placed in a beam. Experiments carried out by Nahal Soreq Group Images: Out of resonance In resonance Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS GRT: Demonstration on LD-3 Six explosives were hidden in a LD-3 container loaded CERBERUS GRT: Demonstration on LD-3 Six explosives were hidden in a LD-3 container loaded with a mixed cargo. NRC Nahal Soreq group carried out these experiments using resonance detectors for nitrogen detection. Two images are created simultaneously. The upper image shows a regular gamma transmission radiograph. The lower image shows nitrogen image that clearly identifies the explosives. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Cluster Analysis nσ Gamma Resonance Counts N 0 -k. N 0= n√N 0 CERBERUS Cluster Analysis nσ Gamma Resonance Counts N 0 -k. N 0= n√N 0 k = exp(-μρd) n N 0= 1 -k 2 N’=k. N 0 Experimental Values Resonance Mass Attenuation (σNres) Resonance Count Rate Non-Resonance Count Rate Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 0. 05 cm 2/g 0. 04 p. C/sσA 0. 80 e. C/sσA Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Scanning Time Estimates Container Explosive Dimensions cm LD 3* LD 3 C# 20 CERBERUS Scanning Time Estimates Container Explosive Dimensions cm LD 3* LD 3 C# 20 x 0. 5 5 x 5 x 5 10 x 10 Explosive Mass g 300 190 1500 Time/ Slice s 8 1. 4 1. 8 Scan Time min 10 1. 75 3. 66 a Estimated scan time based on 3σ probability of detection a vertical scan 0. 75 min for 40’ container CRp 200 C/s(5 m. A) * 153 x 156 x 163 cm 3, Max. 1588 kg, ρ 0. 4 g/cc, Att. Factor 4 # 8’x 20’, 246 x 610 cm 3, Max. 20000 kg, ρ 0. 54 g/cc, Att. Factor 12 Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS PFT: Threshold Energies (γ, n) - Produces only prompt neutrons. n (γ, fission) CERBERUS PFT: Threshold Energies (γ, n) - Produces only prompt neutrons. n (γ, fission) - Occurs only in fissile materials producing prompt and delayed neutrons. Threshold Energies in Me. V Isotope (γ, n) (γ, fission) n Pu-239 U-235 U-238 Th-232 5. 6 5. 3 6. 1 6. 4 Brookhaven National Laboratory Gamma Flux > 6 Me. V ~1% 5. 6 5. 8 6. 0 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS PFT: Proof-of-Principle 3 He Neutron Detector Nuclear material present Region of Interest MCS CERBERUS PFT: Proof-of-Principle 3 He Neutron Detector Nuclear material present Region of Interest MCS Accelerator Pulses No nuclear material present PC with Acquisition Program Analysis Program Brookhaven National Laboratory Time after pulse Experiments carried out at INEEL PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS PFT Yield Emax n = ∫dr 3 ∫Φ(E, x)N(x, t)σ(E)d. E Ethres Φ(E, CERBERUS PFT Yield Emax n = ∫dr 3 ∫Φ(E, x)N(x, t)σ(E)d. E Ethres Φ(E, x) Φ(x) En = Ephoton - Ethres Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS ln ln HZT: Formulation LE I = ( L ) i. L i CERBERUS ln ln HZT: Formulation LE I = ( L ) i. L i i Io HE I = ( L ) i. H i i Io 1 Me. V 15 Me. V 10 Me. V 5 Me. V Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS HZT L/H Ratio IL = R = exp[( H - L) x)] IH CERBERUS HZT L/H Ratio IL = R = exp[( H - L) x)] IH For: x=0. 5 cm, R=1. 09, CR=333 c/s 5 m. A, @ 3 2 3 IL= 1 – 1/R IL = 1320 counts. This will require 3. 96 s/slice. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Low- High-Z Separation Materials with the same optical thickness at 5 Me. V CERBERUS Low- High-Z Separation Materials with the same optical thickness at 5 Me. V can be separated at higher energies H 2 O T (cm) @ 5 Me. V A=exp (-OT) A @ 10 Me. V A @ 15 Me. V Ratio 5/10 Me. V Ratio 5/15 Me. V Brookhaven National Laboratory Fe Pb U 5 x 5 58. 75 7. 15 3. 68 2. 12 10 x 10 14. 72 1. 79 0. 923 0. 53 5 x 5 0. 169 10 x 10 0. 640 5 x 5 0. 272 0. 185 0. 129 10 x 10 0. 722 0. 656 0. 598 0. 599 5 x 5 0. 325 0. 178 0. 099 0. 094 10 x 10 0. 755 0. 648 0. 559 0. 554 5 x 5 0. 621 0. 914 1. 31 10 x 10 0. 886 0. 976 1. 07 5 x 5 0. 52 0. 949 1. 72 1. 79 10 x 10 0. 848 0. 988 1. 14 1. 15 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Applications A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection CERBERUS Applications A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags. Brookhaven National Laboratory A possible configuration for scanning large containers PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Applications Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Can be engineered into a transportable, CERBERUS Applications Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Can be engineered into a transportable, readily deployable system Stand off use of the system in a fluorescence (backscattering) mode Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Applications Single system feeds simultaneously four inspection stations at one location. Single system CERBERUS Applications Single system feeds simultaneously four inspection stations at one location. Single system feeds alternatively three inspection locations. Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Applications Detectors Using four ramps may inspect simultaneously 40 foot container in about CERBERUS Applications Detectors Using four ramps may inspect simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. Stacked Containers Resonance Gamma Beam Target 8’ 21’ 18’ (Times extrapolated from experiments) Brookhaven National Laboratory 36’ PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Compact Accelerator Footprint Two compact accelerators (can be expanded to four) attached to CERBERUS Compact Accelerator Footprint Two compact accelerators (can be expanded to four) attached to a single power supply occupy a very small footprint. With a flexible cable they can be placed in any arbitrary configuration. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations Alpha Prototype Brookhaven National Laboratory Beta Prototype PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations Alpha Prototype Brookhaven National Laboratory Beta Prototype PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations Single Stage Accelerator with two acceleration columns Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY CERBERUS Accelerator Configurations Single Stage Accelerator with two acceleration columns Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Rotating Target System Rotating target exploded view Brookhaven National Laboratory One C-13 target CERBERUS Rotating Target System Rotating target exploded view Brookhaven National Laboratory One C-13 target was constructed and tested PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

GRFT Rotating Target System Strobe r laye ed Mix i ult M Sin gle GRFT Rotating Target System Strobe r laye ed Mix i ult M Sin gle yer a L lay er 13 C Target has been constructed and heat tested for 10 m. A Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl By using different target material or a combination CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl By using different target material or a combination of materials elements other than nitrogen can also be investigated Layered Targets • CS 2 – Enriched in 13 C and 34 S for detection of N and Cl. • BN (Boron Nitrate enriched with 13 C) 13 C; 11 B; 15 N; with Ep @ 1. 75; 1. 1; 0. 6; Me. V respectively, we can measure N; C; and O, simultaneously. Composite Target of 26 Mg & 30 Si At Ep 1. 94 & 1. 91 Me. V respectively to detect 14 N, 16 O, and 35 Cl 27 Al 26 Mg (p, γ) & 30 Si (p, γ) 7. 117 Me. V 16 O @ θ~117 o 31 P Brookhaven National Laboratory @ θ~40 o @ θ~86 o PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 9. 082 Me. V 35 Cl 9. 173 Me. V 14 N Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl Rotating target allows a better heat absorption and CERBERUS Targets For O and Cl Rotating target allows a better heat absorption and to be layered with different elements or compounds. For example: Target 13 C 7 Li 11 B 19 F 26 Mg Brookhaven National Laboratory E Ep /p 9. 17 17. 6 12. 8, 4. 4 6. 13 9. 37 1. 75 0. 44 1. 39 1. 37 2. 02 5. 50 E-9 8. 22 E-9 2. 14 E-8 6. 24 E-7 4. 87 E-9 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Multiple Uses of the Basic System Future expansion of the basic unit by CERBERUS Multiple Uses of the Basic System Future expansion of the basic unit by adding various detection systems and accelerators to the same high voltage generator RD -Resonance Detectors NRD -Non-Resonance Detectors NFD -Nuclear Fluorescence Detectors ND -Neutron Detectors Container Proton Accelerator High Voltage Generator Container Brookhaven National Laboratory #3 #4 #1 Proton Accelerator PROPRIETARY INFORMATION NFD Container #2 ND NRD RD NRD Scientific Innovations Inc.

Multiple Uses of the Basic System Resonance detectors are used for specific detection and Multiple Uses of the Basic System Resonance detectors are used for specific detection and imaging of nitrogen contained in high explosives using gamma resonance interaction. They measure simultaneously gamma resonance and total attenuation thus providing dual information at gamma energy of 9. 17 Me. V. Regular detectors (Na. I, BGO) for dual or triple high monoenergetic gamma ray detection. Proposed energies in the range from 4 to about 17 Me. V. Neutron detectors for detection of prompt and delayed neutrons resulting from photo-neutron reactions, in the cargo materials, and photofission in fissionable materials, respectively. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Proposed Test Site BNL test site for a container scanning system Brookhaven National CERBERUS Proposed Test Site BNL test site for a container scanning system Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Participants Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo SCIENTIFIC • BNL Peter Thieberger Jim Alessi CERBERUS Participants Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo SCIENTIFIC • BNL Peter Thieberger Jim Alessi Istvan Dioszegi Mike Todosow Albert L Hanson Hans Luudewig NRC Soreq David Vartsky Mark B. Goldberg Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph Brondo COMMERCIAL • Accelerator Manufacturers (2) • Commercial Production and Deployment (4) (Boeing, Lockheed, L-3, Northrop Grumman, …) PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Organization SII Commercialization CRADA COMMERCIAL FEDERAL Field System Design & Manufacturing Brookhaven National CERBERUS Organization SII Commercialization CRADA COMMERCIAL FEDERAL Field System Design & Manufacturing Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BNL R&D Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Time Table System Integration & Evaluation Single Stage Accelerator Targets Experiments & Demonstration CERBERUS Time Table System Integration & Evaluation Single Stage Accelerator Targets Experiments & Demonstration Detectors System Engineering Scanning System Documentation 0 Brookhaven National Laboratory 4 8 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 12 16 Month Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS BNL Budget Accelerator: $750, 000 Rental, delivery, and installation Detectors: Resonance Detectors and CERBERUS BNL Budget Accelerator: $750, 000 Rental, delivery, and installation Detectors: Resonance Detectors and electronics $250, 000 Target: $200, 000 Rotating target Miscellaneous: Shielding, materials, … $200, 000 3 FTE (Eqv. ) $800, 000 Labor: Total Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION $2, 000 Scientific Innovations Inc.

CERBERUS Summary • Cerberus is a multi prong technology that fills in an existing CERBERUS Summary • Cerberus is a multi prong technology that fills in an existing critical security gap. It is novel, compact, flexible, adaptable to new applications. • A full scale cargo inspection prototype test facility can be ready in about one year. • The cost of a final systems is estimated at about $ 2. 53. 0 M (2 headed accelerator ~ $1. 7 M, 150 detectors, target, system engineering ~ $0. 8 M). Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.

Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc. Brookhaven National Laboratory PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Scientific Innovations Inc.