TRANSLATOR S FALSE FRIENDS LECTURE 11 OUTLINE

TRANSLATOR’S FALSE FRIENDS LECTURE 11

OUTLINE • • • International and pseudo international words; Pseudo international word classification; Factors influence the choice of equivalent; Proper name translation; Geographical name translation; Company name translation.

INTERNATIONAL AND PSEUDO INTERNATIONAL WORDS International Pseudo International similar source and target words (“international”) Derived from Greek or Latin e. g. parliament, theorem, diameter • similar in form but completely different in meaning e. g. complexion, accurate, actual, aspirant • similar in form and have some common elements in semantics.

FACTORS INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF EQUIVALENT • • a number of factors can preclude the possibility of using the formally similar word as an equivalent: Semantic factor resulting rom the different subsequent development of the words (e. g. English word “idiom”) Stylistic factor (e. g. ambitious) Lexical combinability (e. g. “defect” and “theoretical and organizational defects”) Pragmatic factor reflecting the difference in the background knowledge (e. g. the American Revolution – война за независимость в Америке)

PROPER NAME TRANSLATION Specify possible variants of translation in relevant reference materials: • Encyclopedia, reference books, geographical atlas and etc. ; • Legal documents (regulations, contracts); • Personal opinion.

PROPER NAME TRANSLATION In a case of impossibility of translation verification, a translator can: Convey accurate meaning (Красный серп – Red sickle) • Convey pronunciation (Nove Mesto – Нове место) • Apply combined method (North Dakota – Северная Дакота)

GEOGRAPHICAL NAME TRANSLATION In translating of geographical names a translator must follow the following rules: • Find conventional translation in geographical reference books • Literal translation • Transliteration • Apply both literal translation and transliteration.

COMPANY NAME TRANSLATION • Transliteration – commercial organizations and companies • Literal (word by word translation)- non-commercial organization and companies Difficulty: translation of legal organization form • Application of the term of a target company • Source name transcription