Translation of lexical units Types of correlation

Translation of lexical units Types of correlation between words in SL and TL A word of SL and a word of TL may be identical in their meaning London – Лондон / Елабуга — Elabuga The meaning of a SL word and a TL word may coincide partially Cherry – вишня/черешня / Часы — watch / clock Words which have no correspondence in the other language at all Щи / Muffin

Translation of lexical units Context and its role in translation NO guesswork Linguistic and extralinguistic context Plantain Good background knowledge

… he came to be convinced of perjury …. in Cochin China…, the intent of which perjury being to rob a poor native widow and her helpless family of a meager plantain-patch, their only stay and support in their bereavement and desolation. (Mark Twain) . . . Он пришел, чтобы убедиться в лжесвидетельстве. . в Кохинхины. . . , Цель каком лжесвидетельство в том, чтобы ограбить бедной родной вдовы и ее беспомощным семья из скудного подорожника-патч, их только остаться и поддержка в их утраты и запустения

Translation of lexical units Translation of words having no correspondence in TL Transcription Footnotes and explanations Loan translation Analogical translation Descriptive translation Try to translate W. S. Maugham, избушка, землетрясение

Translation of lexical units Общее качество, характер, цена ( quality and price ) Размер ( size – how big? ; без little ) Возраст ( age – how old? Включая little ) Форма ( shape ) Цвет ( colour ) Происхождение, национальность ( origin – where from? ) Вещество, материал, способ изготовления ( material what is it made of? ) Слово, образующее с существительным одну смысловую группу – предназначение, цель ( purpose – what for? ) Непосредственно имя существительное GIVE YOUR EXAMPL

Translation of lexical units Figurative and non-figurative phrases 4 ways to translate figurative phrases The image may be presented as it is In the seventh heaven It may be partially changed To lay by for a rainy day It may be replaced by a different image When pigs fly A translated version may contain no image at all A skeleton in the cupboard

Translation of lexical units Lexical transformation Differentiated and specific concrete meaning To go by train/plane Generalization Бабушкин Cause and effect type of connection Based on antonyms I wish + Past Tense Compensation Puns, rhyming words