Translation Definition Lecture 3 Overview Definition

Translation Definition Lecture 3

Overview • Definition of translation as an object of linguistic study in terms of process and outcome; • Definitions of languages translated from and into; • Description of Translation Stages; • The role of verification process.

Translation Process Source language Extralinguistic situation Background information Process itself (translator) Coding/decoding Target language Extralinguistic situation Background information

Translation Process Components a. elements and structures of the source text; b. elements and structures of the target language; c. systems of the languages involved in translation; d. transformation rules to transform the elements and structures of the source text into those of the target text; e. conceptual content and organization of the source text; f. conceptual content and organization of the target text; g. interrelation of the conceptual contents of the source and target texts.

Translation is functional interaction of language Interacting elements: Observable Deducible

Translation Process Operations a. deduce the target language elements and rules of equivalent selection and substitution on the basis of observed source text elements; b. build a model consisting of the target language elements selected for substitution; c. verify the model of the target text against context, situation and background information; d. generate the target text on the basis of the verified model.

Translation Steps • analysis of the source text, situation and background information, • synthesis of the translation model, and • verification of the model against the source and target context (semantic, grammatical, stylistic), situation, and background information resulting in the generation of the final target text.

Example «Flowmeters with orifices among other flowmeter devices (such as ultrasonic, turbine, inductive, vertical, etc. ) are the most significant ones abroad and in our country, as well» «The wide application of flowmeters with orifices is due to their low prices, simple design and practical operation at any pressure and temperature» Orifices – an opening of a measured diameter that is used for measuring the flow of fluid through a pipe or for delivering a given amount of fluid through a fuel nozzle. In measuring the flow of fluid through a pipe, the orifice must be smaller diameter than the pipe diameter»

Example to be continued «Широкое применение (расходомеров) (водомеров) (объемного счетчика) (измерителей скорости потока) с (отверстиями) (измерительными диафрагмами) (сужающими устройствами) (каналами) объясняется их дешевизной, простотой конструкции, возможностью эксплуатации практически при любых давлениях и температурах» .

Example to be continued «Широкое применение расходомеров с сужающими устройствами объясняется их дешевизной, простотой конструкции, возможностью эксплуатации практически при любых давлениях и температурах» .

Conclusion the co-occurring words or the words situated close to each other in a source text have invisible pointers indicating various kinds of grammatical, semantic, and stylistic information. This information is stored in human memory, and the principal task of a translator is to visualize all of this information.