Towing The towing rules The towing is used for: - Transportation of the aircraft along the airport from the parking area to the apron for the passengers boarding. - From the apron to the engine launching point before steering to the start. - Transportation from one parking area to another. - Transportation to the parking area after landing. - Transportation to the hangar for the maintenance. The towing is provided by two methods: - Nose forward - Tail forward
Towing The towing rules The required tractive effort for towing depends on the mass of the aircraft and the coefficient of wheel friction Preq=f. Gc The friction coefficient depends on the type and the state of airfield surface. For the dry concrete f=0. 02 For the wet concrete f=0. 012 For the hard soil f=0. 04 The tractive effort of the towing has to be equal or more than required drag f. Gtow≥f. Gс The tractive effort during towing on the concrete is not less than 5000 кг
Towing The basic principles of towing Nose taw The speed of towing should be not more than 20 km/h The towing is carried out with the help of tow wrapped-wire tool The wrapped-wire tool is attached to the forward undercarriage strut with the help of the pivot The wrapped-wire tool is firstly attached to the aircraft and only then to the tractor The towing is carried out with the help of three or five men: one person goes near with the wrapped-wire tool and two other go near with the wing panels When the towing is successfully accomplished you should install the backing blocks under the wheels of the aircraft 1 - backing blocks 2 - thorn 3 - tow with a handle 4 - thunder
Towing Attachment of the wrapped-wire tool to the front undercarriage strut Nose tow
TOWAGE Tow wrapped-wire tool 1 -link; 2 -supervisory bolt; 3 -rod; 4 - shock absorber; 5 - grip; 6, 12 - wheel; 7, 13 - blacked; 8 - beam; 10 - bracket; 11 - axle; 14 - (crank) pin; 15 - crampon; 16 - thrust collar; 17 - shock absorber body; 18 -cover; 19 -screw; 20 -spacer; 21 -rubber gaskets; 22 -nut
TOWAGE Towage laws Aft towing The hauling velocity shouldn’t exceed 10 km/h The towage is carried out by the means of trailing line. The cable is connected to the tags of shock strut of main landing gear The direction change is carried out manually by turning the wheels of frontal support be carrier 6 persons carry out hauling: 2 of them support the cables, 2 operate the front wheels And 2 are checking the wing panel Is applied mainly for pulling out the airplane, stuck in a soft soil The aft towing with the help of carrier is allowed only by the paved runway
TOWAGE Aft towing
TOWAGE Trailing line 1 - link; 2, 7 - pin; 3 - cable 4 - guard collar; 5 - supporting cable; 6 - shock strut Of main landing gear; 8 - bracket; 9 - roller; 10 - force clamp; 11 - bolt
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TOWAGE The Rules of Towage Nose Tow The speed of towage should be not more than 20 km/h The towage is carried out with the help of tow wrapped – wire tool The wrapped – wire tool is attached to the front undercarriage strut with the help of pivot The wrapped-wire tool is firstly attached to the aircraft and then to the tractor The towage is carried out with the help of 3 of 5 men: one person goes near the wrapped – wire tool and two other go near the wing panels When the towage is accomplished you should inshore the braking blocks under the wheels of the aircraft 1 -backing blocks 2 -thorn 3 -tow with a handle 4 -turn buckle
TOWAGE The connection of the tow wrapped-wire tool to the forward strut of undercarriage Nose tow
Буксировка Tow wrapped-wire tool 1 -link; 2 -supervisory bolt; 3 -rod; 4 - shock absorber; 5 - grip; 6, 12 - wheel; 7, 13 - blacked; 8 - beam; 10 - bracket; 11 - axle; 14 - (crank) pin; 15 - crampon; 16 - thrust collar; 17 - shock absorber body; 18 -cover; 19 -screw; 20 -spacer; 21 -rubber gaskets; 22 -nut
TOWAGE Towage laws Aft towing The hauling velocity shouldn’t exceed 10 km/h The towage is carried out by the means of trailing line. The cable is connected to the tags of shock strut of main landing gear The direction change is carried out manually by turning the wheels of frontal support be carrier 6 persons carry out hauling: 2 of them support the cables, 2 operate the front wheels And 2 are checking the wing panel Is applied mainly for pulling out the airplane, stuck in a soft soil The aft towing with the help of carrier is allowed only by the paved runway
TOWAGE Aft towing
TOWAGE Trailing line 1 - link; 2, 7 - pin; 3 - cable 4 - guard collar; 5 - supporting cable; 6 - shock strut Of main landing gear; 8 - bracket; 9 - roller; 10 - force clamp; 11 - bolt