Towards 200 million Telephone and Internet Connections in

Towards 200 million Telephone and Internet Connections in India Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, Te. Ne. T Group Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai ashok@tenet. res. in iit madras

Today India barely has • 20 million telephones and less than 0. 5 million Internet connections for its 1000 million people ¤ needs 150 to 200 million telephone and Internet connections ¤ lack of Internet connections can create a divide in society iit madras

Bottleneck I : Telephone network is expensive • Investments required per line: Rs 32, 000 ¤ 15 % finance cost and 15% cost for operation, maintenance and obsolescence ¤ Revenue required per line per year: Rs 9, 600 • not affordable to more than 2 to 3 % of population A serious obstacle to rapid Internet growth iit madras

Why is Telecom Network expensive? • Costs about $1000 per line in the West ¤ is affordable to most in the West ¤ focus of R&D is not on cost reduction, but to provide enhanced features and services at the same cost • Efforts required in country like India to significantly reduce costs ¤ if costs could be reduced to Rs 10, 000 per line average revenue required per month less than Rs 250 affordable to 20 % of population iit madras

But is it possible ? • Not easy, but why not ? • For example CDOT’s exchange today ° costs two-third of imported exchange and ° provides 10 million of 20 million lines in India • And in the process ¤ achieve lowest cost telecom and Internet solution ¤ serve a market of several hundred million in India and other developing countries Consequently become the world leader in technology iit madras

Telecom Network Trends • Cost of Backbone Network falling rapidly ¤ at the same time capacity increasing dramatically • but increase in Access Costs negates this fall ¤ Access costs in urban areas close to Rs 22, 000 per line ¤ Access costs in rural areas much higher iit madras

Bottleneck II: Internet chokes PSTN To other routers R o u t e r PSTN modem ISP • Internet Connections ON for long hours — higher Erlang traffic causes congestion as telephone network designed to handle only 0. 1 E traffic per subscriber • Rs 26 per hour local call charges in India • modem links unreliable -- 33. 6 kbps to as low as 9. 6 kbps iit madras

Te. Ne. T group at IIT Madras • Vision to enable India have 100 to 200 million Telecom and Internet connections at the earliest possible ¤ Leverage advances in technology to develop versatile Access Systems • that cost significantly less and • overcomes Internet Access bottleneck ¤ keeping local requirements in mind • poor quality of power • high cost of reliable air-conditioning • space crunch at city centers iit madras

Access network must separate Internet data To Exchange To Intenet E 1 (V 5. 2) voice A U SU IP • concentrate bursty Internet data close to subscriber • Interface to PSTN and Internet on open protocols iit madras

cor. DECT Wireless in Local Loop To Exchange E 1 (V 5. 2) voice DIU+ RAS To Intenet WS IP • simultaneous ¤ 35 kbps Internet access (70 kbps upgrade in near future) ¤ telephone connection supporting fax, PCO and speakerphone • Rs 13, 000 -----> Rs 17, 000 (for sparse rural areas) • Rs 8, 000 with multiwallset iit madras

DIAS (dsl on copper) To Exchange To Internet E 1 (V 5. 2) voice IP s 144 kbp I A N BDSU HDSU 2 Mbps Copper • 144/80 kbps Internet + simultaneous voice ¤ Rs 12, 000 + copper cost • 2 Mbps Internet + upto 8 phones ¤ Rs 25, 000 + copper cost • Always ON permanent Internet connection iit madras

Versatile Remote Unit (VRU) To Exchange E 1 (V 5. 2) voice V R U • Plain old Telephone service ¤ 56 kbps Internet possible with a RASM behind exchange ¤ Rs 2000 + copper cost iit madras

Access Center Key to Low-cost and Versatility • combine wireless, DSL on copper and POTS optimally • locate Access Center near subscriber cluster ° wireless gives umbrella coverage iit madras

Integrated Access Centre (AC) SU E 1 (V 5. 2) voice To Exchange To Internet A C IP DSU • combines Wi. LL, DIAS and VRU ¤ Wi. LL : Rs 13, 000 ---> Rs 17, 000 (for sparse rural areas) • Rs 8000 with multiwallset ¤ BDSU : Rs 12, 000 + copper • HDSU : Rs 25, 000 + copper ¤ POTS : Rs 2, 000 + copper iit madras

Access Center ) wave radio/Fiber DIU Ratio of Wired / Wireless / Internet Access Lines depending on Access scenario VRU IAN TA IAN BDSU Power Plant Battery HDSU iit madras

Fibre backhaul : 34 / 155 Mbps : Fibre in the Loop E 3/SDH E 1 voice D&I Internet D&I D&I + AC COMUX iit madras

Radio backhaul : 8 / 34 / 155 Mbps To Exchange wave radio E 1 voice ( ( AC To Internet IP iit madras

Network Management System • A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes • Convergence of Telecom and Internet management • Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health from management centers iit madras

Product Visuals iit madras

Wallset : Subscriber premises equipment Direct connection for - Telephone set - G 3 fax machine - Modem - Payphone iit madras

WS/WS-IP : Wallset with external antenna External Antenna for Enhanced Range of 10 Km (Lo. S) 35 kbps / 70 kbps Intenet traffic plus simultaneous voice RS 232 iit madras

Multi Wallset (MWS) MWS Antenna & RF Electronics ¤ MWS for 4 Telephones in a multistoried building ¤ Reduces per line cost to half ¤ Ethernet port in future (for Internet access) iit madras

WS Connected to BS BS mounted on pole on streets : Range 150 - 400 m BS mounted on roof-tops : Range 10 Km (LOS) Each BS serves 50 subscribers at 0. 1 E per subscriber iit madras

DECT Interface Unit (DIU) iit madras

i. Kon RAS

Relay Base Station (RBS) in near future ¤ 25 km range with RBS in sparse rural areas ¤ uses DECT frequencies ¤ no frequency planning needed iit madras

DIAS - IAN Rack

BDSU

Map with an alarm iit madras

Mosaic of Views iit madras

Access Centre deployment examples iit madras

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Connaught Place (Delhi) iit madras

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Available Solution from Te. Ne. T group • Can provide total Telecom and Internet solution ¤ in urban areas at a cost of Rs 17, 000 per line ¤ in rural areas at a cost of Rs 21, 000 per line iit madras

Access Centre evolution • Add cable-modem to Access Center to support voice, Internet and entertainment • Upgrade Access Centers with ¤ 384 / 1. 1 Mbps cor. DECT WLL ¤ new Wireless Access technologies (3 G wireless) ¤ v. DSL and x. DSL technologies • Add Qo. S feature to Internet Access Systems (to support voice over IP) iit madras

But this is only a beginning • Tasks ahead ¤ involve many more companies to design for India ¤ innovate to further reduce costs ¤ integrate access terminal to communication device Policy issues • enable India to become design house for the world by encouraging local designs • enable franchise operation of telecom network • incentives for providing network in small towns and rural areas iit madras

Covering Small Towns and Rural Areas Using Indian Railway Network • 50 -200 connections in each town • 8000 towns/villages in country covered by Indian Railways iit madras

H-Connect