TOPIC THE NOUN Points for discussion 1 The

TOPIC: THE NOUN Points for discussion 1. The Noun: its nature, general characteristics as a part of speech, nounal classifications: the main approaches to the problem. The main principals of noun subdivisions. Field structure of a noun. 2. The problem of the category of gender. 3. The category of number. The phenomena of the absolute singular and absolute plural. 4. The category of case: its nature, case theories. The problems of defining the category of case in English 5. The problem of the category of determination. The usage of articles as noun determinant. 6. The noun: its syntactical properties

THE MAIN RECOMMENDED LITERATURE Смирницкий А. И. Морфология английского языка. М. , 1959. Бархударов Л. С. Очерки по морфологии современного английского языка. – М. , 1975. Ильиш Б. А. Строй современного английского языка. М. , 1971 — C. 36 -57 Блох М. Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. М. , 1983. — C. 53 -85 Раевская Н. М. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Киев. , 1976. — С. 78 -92 Хаймович Б. С. , Роговская Б. И. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. М. , 1967. Иофик Л. Л. , Чахоян Л. П. Хрестоматия по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Л, 1972. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Задания и упражнения. Методическое пособие для студентов IV курса факультета английского языка. Минск, 1994.

THE ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED LITERATURE Бархударов Л. С. , Штелинг Д. А. Грамматика английского языка. – М. , 1973. Иванова И. П. , Бурлакова В. В. , Почепцов Г. Г. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. – М. , 1981. — C. 21 -34 Жигадло В. Н. , Иванова И. П. , Иофик Л. Л. Современный английский язык. Теоретический курс грамматики. М. , Изд-во литературы на иностранных языках, 1956 г. Хлебникова М. Б, Морфология английского языка. — М. , 2004 — С. 37 Учение о частях речи в английской грамматической традиции (XIX-XX вв. ). М. , 2000 г. Quirk R. , Greenbaum S. , Leech G. , Svartvick J. A University Grammar of English. M. , 1982.

OUR FIRST POINT FOR DISCUSSION IS The Noun: its nature, general characteristics as a part of speech, nounal classifications: the main approaches to the problem. The main principals of noun subdivisions.

THE DIFINITION TO FOLLOW… The noun is the main nominative part of speech, effecting nomination of the fullest value within the framework of the notional division of lexicon.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NOUN AS PART OF SPEECH № Part of speech Meaning THE NOUN SUBSTANCE Form NUMBER CASE ARTICLE DETERMIN ATION Function SUBJECT SUBSTANTIVAL PREDICATIVE OBJECT MODIFIERS PREPOSITIONAL CONNECTIONS with nouns, verbs, adverbs MODIFICATION BY AN ADJECTIVE

THE EXAMPLES OF NOUNAL CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON ONE CRITERION proper — common nouns ; concrete —abstract nouns; collective — material nouns SEMANTICAL (М. А. Gashnina, N. M. Vasilevsky, J. Nesfield) simple — derived — compound affixative composite MORPHOLOGICAL (I. V. ARNOLD)

THE EXAMPLES OF NOUNAL CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON TWO CRITERIA (MEANING+FORM ) THE MAIN PRINCIPALS OF NOUN SUBDIVISIONS № PRINCIPLE NOUN SUBCLASSES 1. TYPE OF NOMINATION proper — common 2. FORM OF EXISTENCE animate — inanimate 3. PERSONAL QUALITY human — non-human 4. QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE countable — uncountable 5. FORM OF PRESENTATION concrete — abstract

The second point of our discussion is The problem of the category of gender

THE WAYS AND THE MEANS OF EXPRESSING THE CATEGORY OF GENDER № Ways of expressing Means of expressing the category of gender 1. GRAMMATICALLY person –pronouns (she, it) suffixes — ess — actress —-ette — astronette — ine — doctorine 2. SEMANTICALLY Sex-indicators (he-friend) Nominal pairs (manwoman )

THE EXAMPLES OF OPPOSITIONS BASED ON THE CATEGORY OF GENDER TYPE OF OPPOSITION UPPER DESCRIPTION STRONG MEMBER human — human non - human LOWER masculine— feminine

The third point of our discussion is The category of number. The phenomena of the absolute singular and absolute plural.

THE EXAMPLES OF OPPOSITIONS BASED ON THE CATEGORY OF NUMBER TYPE OF OPPOSITION DESCRIPTION STRONG MEMBER I forms singular-plural II ways of expressing plurality productive – non-productive III tanta singularia tantum — pluralia tantum

THE WAYS OF EXPRESSING “ THE ABSLOLUTE SINGULAR” COUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLES as abstract ideas UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS The refugees needed shelter. Have we got chicken for the second course? peace, love, joy, courage, friendship the names of abstract notions chemistry, architecture, mathematics, linguistic the names of the branches of professional activity water, snow, steel, hair the names materials foliage, fruit, furniture, machinery the names of collective inanimate objects of mass-

THE WAYS OF EXPEWSSING “THE ABSOLUTE PLURAL” COUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLES UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 1. pluralia tantum trousers, scissors, supplies, outskirts, clothes, parings; ; police, cattle, measles, rickets, mumps, creeps, hysterics 1. The singular form of the collective nouns “multitude plural” objects consisting of two halves the nouns rendering the idea of indefinite plurality, both concrete and abstract the nouns denoting some diseases as well as some abnormal states of the body and mind The family are at home sands of the desert; the snows of the Arctic; the waters of the ocean 2. used either in the singular or in the plural form to show large quantity intensely presented. "repetition plural. ” 2. used in the plural form for stylistic marking of nouns to result in expressive transposition. “ descriptive uncountable plural” There were trees and trees all around us. I lit cigarette after cigarette. the names of mass-materials

Our next point is The category of case: its nature, case theories.

The definition to follow… Case is the category of a noun expressing relations between the thing denoted by the noun and other things, or properties, or actions, and manifested by some formal sign in the noun itself.

THE PECULARITIES OF THE CASE THEORIES CASE THEORY REPRESENTATIVES DESCRIPTION POSITIONAL Ch. Friese, J. C. Nesfield, M. Deutschbein, M. Bryant Cases are differentiated by the functional positions occupied by the noun in the sentence. PREPOSITIONAL J. Curme Cases are seen as ccombinations of nouns with prepositions in certain object and attributive collocations LIMITED H. Swift There are two case forms in English —the possessive or genitive form common, or "nongenitive" form POSTPOSITIONAL O. Espersen English noun lost the category of case However there is a lingual unit that is named the "genitive case". This unit is formally presented by combination of a noun with the postpositional element -'s

And now we refer to the point connected with The problem of the category of determination

OUR LAST POINT FOR TODAY’S DISCUSSION IS The noun: its syntactical properties