Topic: Cells & Organelles Learning Objectives • Explain the features of the structure and functions of cell organelles visible under the electron microscope;
Organelle Function Nucleus DNA Storage Mitochondrion Energy production Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Lipid production; Detoxification Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell Golgi apparatus Protein modification and export Peroxisome Lipid Destruction; contains oxidative enzymes Lysosome Protein destruction
Discussion in groups of three • Look at each of the following electron microgram, list the following in the table provided. • Answer these questions to achieve success criteria – What organelle is it? – Where is mostly found in the cell? – List as many functions as possible. – Relate its function to its structure – Any unique or interesting fact.
1 Organelle • Function – the substance that fills the cell. • Structure – the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. – It is made up of mostly water and salt.
2 Organelle • Function – Control center of the cell – Contains DNA • Structure – Surrounded by a double membrane – Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
3 Type of cellular transport – Requires ATP – Includes Endocytosis &Exocytosis
4 Organelle Function Boundary of the cell Semi-permeable: controls what goes in and out of the cell Cell recognition Structure Made of a phospholipid bilayer Contains protein channels, glycoproteins, and carbohydrate chains
5 Vocabulary Word composed of several or many cells.
6 Organelle • Function – Highway of the cell – It makes lipid structures • Structure – Flattened disk-like structrures – Does not have ribosomes
7 Organelle • Function – Stores, modifies and packages proteins – Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles • Structure • Looks like a stack of plates
8 Organelle • Function – Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins) • Structure – Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
9 Vocabulary Word • Only allows only some materials through • Can cross membrane freely – Small nonpolar molecules, such as hydrocarbons • Cannot cross membrane freely – Large Polar molecules, such as sugars, do not cross the membrane easily
10 Organelle Function Site of food (glucose) production Photosynthesis Structure Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Bound by a double membrane
11 Organelle • Function – Highway of the cell – it makes proteins structures • Structure – Connected to nuclear membrane – Studded with ribosomes
12 • Function – “Powerhouse of the cell” – Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use • Structure – Bound by a double membrane – Has its own strand of DNA
13 Organelle • Function – Provides shape and structure – Helps move organelles around the cell • Structure – Made of three types of filaments • Microtubule • Microfilament • Intermediate filaments
14 Organelle • Function – Cleans the cell – ”Garbage disposal of the cell” • Structure – Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
15 Organelle • Function – Aids in cell division • Structure – Usually found only in animal cells – Made of microtubules
16 • Phosphate head – hydrophilic – attracted to water • Fatty acid tails – Hydrophobic – repelled by water • Arranged as a bilayer Vocabulary Word
17 – – – Vocabulary Word These cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Have a defined nucleus Contains Organelles Found in organisms made up of many cells. Examples: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
18 Organelle Function Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc Structure Large central one in plant cells
19 Vocabulary Word • A eukaryotic cell in which all the organelles are contained in membranes. • Example: Human, dog, fish, bird • Unique parts of the cell – Centriole – a feature of animal cells important for coordinating cell division
20 Organelle • Function – Rigid, protective barrier • Structure – Located outside of the cell membrane – Found in plant and bacterial cells (made of peptidoglycan) – Found in plants (made of cellulose)
21 Vocabulary Word • Genetic material. Encodes the genetic instructions used in all living organisms and many viruses. • 4 different nucleotides in DNA – Purines • Adenine • Guanine – Pyrimidines • Cytosine • Thymine
22 Vocabulary Word (2 words) • The cell membrane is described as this – 1 st word -individual phospholipids and proteins can move side -to-side within the layer, like a liquid – 2 nd Word – a pattern that produces by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above
23 – Simple Diffusion – Facilitated Diffusion – Osmosis
– Example: (Bacteria) 24 No structured nucleus Exist as single-celled organisms These cells are simple in structure Bacteria is both helpful and harmful to us and the environment. Structure: Capsule Cell wall Chromosomes Cytoplasm Flagellum (bacterial cells only) Inner membrane Outer membrane Pili (bacterial cells only) Ribosomes
25 • Unique parts of the plant cell – Cell wall – a feature that functions like stiff latticelike wall which helps maintain their structure and shape – Chloroplast – a feature that allows cells to do photosynthesis and make their own glucose from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
26 • having or consisting of a single cell.
27 • A round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as r. RNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes.
Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cytoplasm Nucleus Active Transport Cell Membrane Multicellular Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 7. Golgi Apparatus 8. Ribosome 9. Selective Permeability 10. Chloroplast 11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 12. Mitochondria 13. Cytoskeleton 14. Lysosome 15. Centrioles 16. Phospholipids 17. Eukaryote 18. Vacuole 19. Animal Cell 20. Cell Wall 21. DNA 22. Fluid Mosaic Model 23. Passive Transport 24. Prokaryote 25. Plant Cell 26. Unicellular 27. Nucleolus
Comparison of the structure and function of features of living organisms
Lesson objective/ Learning outcomes 1 - Describe the common behavior of protista in poster 2 –From the picture SEM find the organisms and divide them into the kingdoms 3 - Name the protista from the picture and explain why is a protista? 4 – Find commonalities and differences 5 – Create ppt on type of protista
KEY CONCEPTS Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, most of which are microscopic
Protista Not a really valid “Kingdom” Few real evolutionary relationships Contains Algae: “plant-like” protists Protozoa: “animal-like” protists Slime & Water molds: fungal-like protists
What Are Protists? “Dumping ground” kingdom Eukaryotic Heterotrophic and/or autotrophic Single or multicellular Ancestors to animals, plants, fungi
Investigation of four different unicells. Prepare a Power. Point Presentation for the whole class and include: • 1 - One free living protist, which does not participate in photosynthesis (for example, ameba or infusorium- paramecium) • 2 - One free living protist, which participates in photosynthesis (for example, spirogyra or evglena) • 3 - One parasitizing protist (for example, malarian parasite, plasmode or intestinal parasite, Lamblia) • 4 - One protist, which forms colony or large mass (for example, Volvox or any other sea weeds)
Presentation criteria may include: Clear diagrams A video clip of moving organism, if possible Details of inner structure List of inner structure functions The role of organism in food web, for example, type of feeding • Special adaptation, allowing to survive in a definite habitat • • •
Fill the table type of the protista name of protista characte ristics photosynthesis does not parasitizing colony or photosynthesis large mass
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