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TOPIC 6: THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR AND UNION How did the period 1899– 1910 TOPIC 6: THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR AND UNION How did the period 1899– 1910 shape 20 th-century South Africa? The slides for this topic include: ● colour pictures to accompany the notes ● a start to a mindmap on this topic ● an example of a completed mindmap on this topic ● colour pictures to accompany the source-based questions. www. theanswer. co. za

www. theanswer. co. za See page 121 Source: Africa through a Lens, part of www. theanswer. co. za See page 121 Source: Africa through a Lens, part of the Colonial Office photographic collection held at The National Archives: CO 1069/219

Paul Kruger www. theanswer. co. za See page 121 Source: Courtesy of the University Paul Kruger www. theanswer. co. za See page 121 Source: Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin

Source: William Strang, 1903, British Museum. An etching of the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain Source: William Strang, 1903, British Museum. An etching of the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain www. theanswer. co. za Randlords in the early days of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush See page 122

www. theanswer. co. za Source: Paul Venter. Source: African Library, Kimberley The entrepreneur Barney www. theanswer. co. za Source: Paul Venter. Source: African Library, Kimberley The entrepreneur Barney Barnato made a fortune in Kimberley buying old diamond claims, mining them, and then selling them to Rhodes. He then used the money to invest in the Witwatersrand Gold Rush. Sir Joseph Robinson See page 122

Source: The British South Africa Company Historical Catalogue & Souvenir of Rhodesia: Empire Exhibition, Source: The British South Africa Company Historical Catalogue & Souvenir of Rhodesia: Empire Exhibition, Johannesburg, 1936 -37 THE FIRST BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA COMPANY, 1889 Top Row: Horace Farquhar, Esq. ; Albert Grey, Esq. ; Alfred Beit, Esq. Middle Row: His Grace the Duke of Fife, K. T. , P. C. ; Hon. C. J. Rhodes His Grace the Duke of Abercorn, K. G. , P. C. Bottom Row: Lord Grifford, V. C. ; Herbert Canning, Esq. ; George Cawston, Esq. www. theanswer. co. za See page 123

www. theanswer. co. za Source: Rob Lavinsky / i. Rocks. com Source: Africa Through www. theanswer. co. za Source: Rob Lavinsky / i. Rocks. com Source: Africa Through a Lens This picture of a stope in a Witwatersrand mine shows the way that the gold-bearing reefs are slanted. A rich specimen of gold ore from the current Witwatersrand mines. Here the grains of gold are thickly dispersed throughout a matrix of carbon-rich rock. See page 124

A traditional African homestead around the turn of the century www. theanswer. co. za A traditional African homestead around the turn of the century www. theanswer. co. za See page 125 Source: The National Archives UK / Africa through a Lens project on Flickr: CO 1069 -219 -22

Source: Petit Parisien An illustration from an 1896 Paris newspaper showing the arrest of Source: Petit Parisien An illustration from an 1896 Paris newspaper showing the arrest of Jameson www. theanswer. co. za See page 127

Jan Smuts in 1895 www. theanswer. co. za See page 127 Source: Morne on Jan Smuts in 1895 www. theanswer. co. za See page 127 Source: Morne on http: //af. wikipedia. org/wiki/L%C 3%AAer: Jan_Smuts_1895. jpg

Source: The Diamonds of South Africa, Vol. II The Long Cecil gun manufactured in Source: The Diamonds of South Africa, Vol. II The Long Cecil gun manufactured in the workshops of De Beers during the siege of Kimberley www. theanswer. co. za See page 128

Rhodesia Portuguese East Africa Bechuanaland Protectorate German South. West Africa Mafikeng Pretoria Johannesburg Orange Rhodesia Portuguese East Africa Bechuanaland Protectorate German South. West Africa Mafikeng Pretoria Johannesburg Orange Free State Kimberley Magersfontein Bloemfontein Basutoland Protectorate Swaziland Natal Colony Ladysmith Colenso Durban Cape Colony Cape Town A map of southern Africa in 1900, showing Britain’s Cape Colony, the Basutoland Protectorate (administered by the Cape Colony), Britain’s Natal Colony, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, and Swaziland (administered by the South African Republic), as well as parts of German South-West Africa, Britain’s Bechuanaland Protectorate and Rhodesia, and Portuguese East Africa www. theanswer. co. za See page 128

Boers at Spioenkop, 1900 www. theanswer. co. za See page 128 Source: The Project Boers at Spioenkop, 1900 www. theanswer. co. za See page 128 Source: The Project Gutenberg EBook of With the Boer Forces, by Howard C. Hillegas. 1900

Source: Courtesy of the Transvaal Archive Organised by Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian Ambulance Corps Source: Courtesy of the Transvaal Archive Organised by Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian Ambulance Corps helped wounded Brits after many battles, including the Battle of Spioenkop. www. theanswer. co. za See page 128

Major General Baden-Powell and staff at Mafeking in 1900 www. theanswer. co. za See Major General Baden-Powell and staff at Mafeking in 1900 www. theanswer. co. za See page 129 Source: Photo by J. Angus Hamilton, Our Special Correspondent with Major-General Baden-Powell

Source: The National Archives UK / Africa through a Lens project on Flickr: CO Source: The National Archives UK / Africa through a Lens project on Flickr: CO 1069 -219 -38, with caption informed by Jon Hyslop A cartoon showing President Paul Kruger fleeing into exile while British soldiers paint the Orange Free State red, symbolising the victory of the British in the South African War www. theanswer. co. za See page 129

General Christiaan de Wet www. theanswer. co. za General Louis Botha See page 130 General Christiaan de Wet www. theanswer. co. za General Louis Botha See page 130 Source: The Project Gutenberg EBook of With the Boer Forces, by Howard C. Hillegas. 1900

Green Point Common in Cape Town was used as a transit camp for prisoners Green Point Common in Cape Town was used as a transit camp for prisoners of war to be shipped to remote islands. www. theanswer. co. za See page 130

Source: Henry Walter Barnett (1862– 1934) Emily Hobhouse, whose ashes are buried at the Source: Henry Walter Barnett (1862– 1934) Emily Hobhouse, whose ashes are buried at the foot of the 1913 Women’s Memorial in Bloemfontein www. theanswer. co. za See page 131

Source: Africa Through a Lens Bloemfontein Concentration Camp www. theanswer. co. za See page Source: Africa Through a Lens Bloemfontein Concentration Camp www. theanswer. co. za See page 131

Black men fought on both sides of the war A Black family in a Black men fought on both sides of the war A Black family in a concentration camp www. theanswer. co. za See page 132

Source: Weltrundschau zu Reclams Universum 1902 General Koos De la Rey is celebrated in Source: Weltrundschau zu Reclams Universum 1902 General Koos De la Rey is celebrated in the controversial song De la Rey, most notably sung by Bok van Blerk in 2006 www. theanswer. co. za See page 133

General Lord Herbert Kitchener www. theanswer. co. za Lord Alfred Milner See page 133 General Lord Herbert Kitchener www. theanswer. co. za Lord Alfred Milner See page 133 Source: Henry Walter ('H. Walter') Barnett (1862 -1934) / NPG Source: Library of Congress Archives / Bain Collection

Source. Johan. Steyn 123 at en. wikipedia The beginning of the Treaty of Vereeniging, Source. Johan. Steyn 123 at en. wikipedia The beginning of the Treaty of Vereeniging, signed on 31 May 1902, at Melrose House, Pretoria www. theanswer. co. za See page 134

Mohandas Gandhi, who led a protest against the Transvaal’s Asiatic Registration Act of 1906 Mohandas Gandhi, who led a protest against the Transvaal’s Asiatic Registration Act of 1906 www. theanswer. co. za John X. Merriman, Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1908 to 1910 See page 135 Source: Selections from the Correspondence of Percy Molteno. VRS. Source: http: //armadillo. co. za/Time. Traveller/1906/ body. htm (cf. http: //www. chem. yale. edu/ ~chem 125/history 99/8 Occult/Gandhi. html)

The delegation of prominent Cape politicians to protest against the racist provisions of the The delegation of prominent Cape politicians to protest against the racist provisions of the draft South Africa Act, 4 August 1909 Seated from left are John Tengo Jabavu, A. Abdurahman, former Cape Prime Minister William Schreiner, Walter Rubusana and Matt Fredericks. Standing at the back are Thomas Makipela, J. Gerrans, Daniel Dwanya and D. J. Lenders. www. theanswer. co. za See page 135

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The financial district of Johannesburg www. theanswer. co. za See page 136 Source: Africa The financial district of Johannesburg www. theanswer. co. za See page 136 Source: Africa Through a Lens / The National Archives UK – Flickr account

Source: Michael Barthop The Zulu War a pictorial history, Blandford Press, UK 1980 A Source: Michael Barthop The Zulu War a pictorial history, Blandford Press, UK 1980 A Boer house burning with all belongings strewn out front, circa 1901 www. theanswer. co. za See page 137

Source: Caras y Caretas The Boer High Command the British High Command meeting in Source: Caras y Caretas The Boer High Command the British High Command meeting in 1901 www. theanswer. co. za A cartoon in Die Amsterdamer showing Kitchener saying to Chamberlain, ‘Ah, now it is sharp enough to butcher them’ See page 137

Source: SA government The 1910 Union of South Africa Cabinet www. theanswer. co. za Source: SA government The 1910 Union of South Africa Cabinet www. theanswer. co. za See page 138

The 1914 South African Native National Congress delegation to London in 1914, with Sol The 1914 South African Native National Congress delegation to London in 1914, with Sol Plaatje sitting at the front right www. theanswer. co. za See page 138