Topic 3 Scientific basis of environmental management

Plan of lection 3. 1. Economic mechanism of protection and rational use of natural resources 3. 2. State Environmental Expertise in Ukraine: its role and tasks 3. 3. The concept of environmental audit, management and marketing 3. 4. Ecological and economic indicators

1 Development of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources should be based on scientific basis and principles of sustainability, proportionality and optimality. Sustainability – it is economic function of the state to control and regulate environmental and economic relations.

Proportionality means consistency in the use of natural resources by area and by sector of the economy, excluding violations of natural relationships in the environment. Optimality in the use of natural resources -it is achievement of the best variant of the union of society with the environment.

The aim of environmental management is implementation of legislation, monitoring of fulfillment of environmental safety norms, providing effective and comprehensive measures for environmental protection, natural resource management, achieving unity of actions of state and public structures.

Economic instruments – it is a collection of various forms and practical methods of use of economic laws, summarized in a system in accordance with objective laws of natural systems. Components of the economic mechanism of nature protection: • economic evaluation of natural resources, • fees for their use • Charges for the damage caused to the national economy by pollution.

Economic mechanism of environmental management consists of the following elements : - Charges for the use of natural resources - System of economic incentives for conservation - Charges for environmental pollution and waste disposal - Market of natural resources - Pricing system based on economic factors, especially in the areas of exploitation of nature - Environmental programming - Trade licenses - Environmental Insurance

2 Conducting environmental impact assessment is mandatory during law, investment, management, business and other activities that affect the natural environment. Law of Ukraine "On environmental expertise" on February 9, 1995 N 45/95 -VR regulates relations in the environmental assessment.

Environmental expertise – the process of establishing correspondence of the planned economic and other activities with environmental requirements and the admissibility of facility environmental assessment to prevent potential undesirable effects of these activities on the environment and related social, environmental and other consequences.

The purpose of environmental expertise is (by law) to prevent the negative impact of human activities on the natural environment and human health, as well as evaluation of environmental safety of economic activity and environmental situation in certain areas

Objective of environmental expertise: 1) To determine the extent of environmental risks and safety of planned or ongoing activities; 2) organization of complex, scientific evaluation of environmental impact assessment 3) to establish whether the objects of expertise correlates with environmental laws and building codes 4) evaluation of the impact of the object of environmental assessment on the state of the environment and quality of natural resources 5) evaluation of the effectiveness, completeness, reasonableness and adequacy of measures to protect the environment 6) Preparing objective, knowledgeable conclusions for environmental assessment

Environmental expertise makes possible to combine environmental and economic indicators of economic activities through quality of products. The conclusion of the state ecological expertise after approval by the specially authorized central executive body on environment and natural resources is obligatory. The positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise is the basis for opening the financing of programs and projects. The implementation of programs, projects and decisions without a positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise is prohibited.

3 Environmental audit – it is ecological examination of enterprise, setting "diagnosis“ for its "health“ and test the ability of manufacturing systems to self-purification and production of environmentally friendly products.

Characteristic features of environmental audit - its independence, confidentiality, objectivity, competence and compliance to the purposes of a client under a contract to conduct an environmental audit. Environmental audit is mandatory in the case of privatization or insurance of enterprise, development of environmental programs with provision of financial assistance to the enterprise's environmental assets.

Environmental marketing - a management functional activities within the overall management system of the enterprise, designed to identify, predict and meet consumer needs in a way that does not disrupt the ecological balance of the environment and does not harm human health.

The task of environmental marketing is to study demand for environmentally safe products and technologies, creation of new water treatment facilities, development of natural resources, setting prices for goods and services with ecological purpose. Also studied the competitiveness of environmentally safe products and more.

Environmental management – a subsystem of the overall system of any object, activity, production, which harmonizes work and development of the enterprise, the industry environment and environmental law.

4 Study, analysis and synthesis of the practice of law on environmental protection executed in two ways: • preparation and approval of normatives of nature handling (mineral resources, soil, water, air, vegetation, etc. ); • preparation and approval of complex ecological-economic indicators of state control of the environment and activities of economic entities.

Ecological and economic indicators are divided into two groups by the content and purpose functions : estimates and rates Ecological and economic estimates - types of indicators that characterize the change in the parameters of economic activity of economic subjects in response to the processes of reproduction of natural assets or influence on the components of environment.

Aim of estimate - objectively show these processes affect the cost parameters of business entities. Ecological-economic estimates carried out at: - Simplified setting of coefficient values and simplified rate value - Preparation of multifunctional computer simulation of ecological-economic systems - An approximate calculation of economic activity of enterprises

Rates - specific economic indicators which take into account effects of environmental factors and ensuring the implementation of economic methods (system of pricing, payment and taxes)

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