
a89752cb0cb4f0eea6a9f85b9780801c.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 57
Togus Pond Development Surveys Lauren Wolpin
Development Overview • Shoreland Zoning Regulations • Wastewater Disposal • Development Survey • Buffer Strip Survey • Roads • Future Development
Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act • Rural Ponds District • Municipal Ordinances – Setback – Shore frontage – Lot size – Area of impervious surface • Non-conformance
Togus Pond Septic Systems • Shoreland challenges – Water table – Shoreline erosion – Winterization of camps – Grandfathered systems
Togus Pond Septic Systems • Remediation – Water conservation – Regular pumping – Landscape improvements – New construction
Number of Houses Development Survey Location
Buffer Strips
Well-buffered home • Almost full lakeshore coverage • Mix of trees and shrubs • Rip rap • Could be better Poorly-buffered home • • House very close to water Exposed soil No shrubs, few trees Rip rap incomplete
Togus Pond Buffer Strips Buffer Rating Inadequate buffer strips are a problem • Fail • Poor • Fair • Good
Camp Roads • Soil erosion is a major contributor of phosphorus • Proximity to lake is a concern
Maintenance Matters! Well-maintained culvert Poorly-maintained culvert
Berms prevent water from leaving the roadbed
Erosion on Ingraham Mountain Road
Road Survey Results • Poor roads in Northwest corner • Most roads acceptable or good • Culverts most common problem
Steep Driveways • Identified problem driveways • Many lead straight into the lake • Steep slopes lead to erosion • Tasker Road, Hayes Road, Albee Road
Future Development • Land clearing on Young Road • Commercial areas • Golf course • Pipeline and Gerabro Acre Roads
Phosphorus Budget Kara Lanahan
Phosphorus Overview • Background and history • Current nutrient status • Phosphorus budget
Phosphorus Background • Cultural eutrophication • Secchi disk transparency < 2 m • Phosphorus concentration > 15 ppb
Historical Phosphorus
Phosphorus: Results • Mean phosphorus: 28 ppb • Trophic State Index (TSI): 67 – East Pond TSI = 64 – Great Pond TSI = 39
Summer Phosphorus Levels
401 ppb
Phosphorus Budget • What is it? • How is it calculated? • What does it mean in terms of lake health?
Diagram of a phosphorus budget Togus flushing rate = 0. 81
Calculating the budget W = external P load + internal P load W is the annual P load (kg/yr)
Components of the phosphorus budget • Watershed land use – Coefficient – Land area • Septic systems – Soil retention – Occupancy rates • Internal recycling and sediment release – Anoxia – Water quality
Sediment Release
Phosphorus Model Results Total Phosphorus load Total concentration • Best 794 kg P/ year • Best 19 ppb • High 1169 kg P/year • High 28 ppb • Low 392 kg P/year • Low 9 ppb
Percent contribution of all land use types
Total Phosphorus Loading Results • Total external load (direct watershed): 410 kg/yr 1. Forest: 107 kg/yr or 25 -26% of total P load 2. Shoreline septic tanks: 96 kg/yr or 23% 3. Shoreline development: 56 kg/yr or 14% • Sediment release contributed the most phosphorus: 328 kg/yr
What about phosphorus in other Central Maine lakes? P source Togus Pond Threemile Pond Webber Pond 1 Sediment Release Reverting land Sediment Release 2 Forest Sediment Release Agriculture/ Golf course 3 Shoreline septic tanks Transitional Forest Threemile Pond
What needs to change to improve lake health? • Decrease inputs from watershed • Decrease internal loading through remediation
Where will this reduction come from? • Shoreline septic tanks • Minimize shoreline development
Phosphorus Model Conclusions • Most of Togus Pond’s phosphorus comes from internal recycling and sediment release • The external load must be reduced first
In Lake Remediation Wendy Sicard
Nutrient Control Techniques Possible for Togus Pond • Alum Treatment • Biomanipulation • Water Drawdown • Vegetative Mats
Alum Treatment • Aluminum sulfate binds with P • Effective for internal P loading
Alum Treatment • Can last <1 year to 20 years • Costly: average $450 per acre • Testing and monitoring
Manipulation of Fish Stocks • Lower algae by increasing algae- consuming zooplankton • Reduce planktivorous fish or restock piscivorous fish • Comparatively inexpensive
Water Drawdown • Removal of nutrient -rich water • Modification of culvert and dam
Vegetative Mats • Absorb nutrients in contained rafts • Provide cover for zooplankton • Harvest and compost
Solutions for Togus Pond • Stop inflow • Funding • Research of effects • Multi-step approaches
Recommendations Rob Mehlich
Recommendations overview • • • Watershed management In-lake management Monitoring and regulations Community awareness and education Grants and funding
Watershed Management • Buffer strips and erosion – Impervious surfaces – Coverage and depth – Rip rap • Roads – Maintenance – Limited and monitored construction
Watershed Management • Septic systems – Old systems – Pump outs – Upgrades • Land use – Enforcement – Deforestation
In-Lake Management • Implementation of applicable remediation techniques • Continued watershed management • Studies and monitoring of remediation
Monitoring and Regulations • Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program • Worromontogus Lake Association • Wetlands protection
Grants and Funding • Maine Department of Environmental Protection – Nonpoint source water pollution control grants – Small community grant programs • Maine Department of Transportation – Surface Water Quality Protection Program
Community Awareness • Phosphorus free fertilizers • Phosphorus free household detergents
Summary
Summary • Eutrophication • Phosphorus is entering the lake from soil runoff and human uses of the land from sediment in the lake. • This leads to algal blooms and a decrease in water quality.
Summary • Phosphorus that comes from sources outside the lake should be reduced. – Buffer strips – Roads – Septic systems – Detergents, and fertilizers
Summary • Remediation techniques may help reduce the phosphorus that is already stored in the lake sediments. – Alum treatment – Fish stock manipulation – Drawdown – Vegetative mats
Acknowledgements We would like to give our thanks to the people and organizations that generously provided their time, knowledge, and support. Thank you. Roy Bouchard, Maine Department of Environmental Protection Russell Cole, Colby College Paul Connolly, Togus Pond Resident Dennis Curtis, Togus Pond Resident Fred Dillon, Maine Association of Conservation Districts Richard Dolby, Director of Code Enforcement David Firmage, Colby College Roger Gagnon, Togus Pond Resident David Halliwell, Maine Department of Environmental Protection Rebecca Manthy, China Lakes Alliance Jeff Norton, Elma’s Tackle and Hunting Supply Store John Pucciarelli, President of the Worromontogus Pond Association George Soucy, Code Enforcement Officer Nate Sylvester, Lakes Program, Kennebec County Soil and Water Conservation District Dan Tierney, Colby College Bill Woodward, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Bobby Van-Riper, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Augusta Town Office Maine Department of Environmental Protection Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Staff Maine Soil and Water Conservation Staff
Questions