Today o o o Finish types of morphemes

Today o o o Finish types of morphemes How to do morphological analysis Allomorphs Readings: 5. 5

Simplify. To make simple or simpler; render less complex or intricate. [Fr. Simplifier < Med. Lat. Simplificare: Lat. Simplus, simple + facere, to make. ] Amplify. To make larger or more powerful; increase. [ME amplifien < OFr. Amplifier < Latin amplificare: amplus, large + facere, to make. ]

Content vs. Function morphemes o Content morphemes: n Morphemes that have some kind of identifiable meaning… o n house, crocodile, water, Laura, smurf …or derivational affixes that, when added to a word, change its meaning or ‘part of speech’ o o o re-: play replay (‘play again’) -ly: happy (adj. ) happily (adv. ) -er: drive (v. ) driver (n. )

Content vs. Function morphemes o Function morphemes: n Provide information about grammatical function by relating words of a sentence, e. g. , o o o prepositions: articles: pronouns: auxiliaries: inflectional affixes: in, of, on a, an, the I, you, he am, is, are -s, -ing, -ed

‘sadness’ How many morphemes? 2 (sad + ness) Free or bound? ‘sad’ is free, ‘-ness’ is bound Derivational or inflectional affix? ‘-ness’ is a derivational suffix Content or function morphemes? both are content morphemes

Morphological analysis o o The key to morphological analysis is comparison. Compare similar forms with recurring units n n n [grap. Ho ‘I write’ ] [grap. HE ‘he writes’ ] [p. HE ‘to speak’ mi]

Morphological analysis 1. 2. 3. By finding similar forms with recurring units, use process of elimination to identify morphemes Determine the meaning of the morphemes Determine the order of morphemes in word formation

Hungarian [EÔhçz] ‘a house’ [hçzç] ‘his/her house’ [EÔbo. R] ‘a wine’ [bo. Rç] ‘his/her wine’ Steps 1, 2: Identify and define morphemes ‘house’ [hçz] ‘wine’ [bo. R] ‘a’ [EÔ] ‘his/her’ [ç]

Hungarian [EÔhçz] ‘a house’ [hçzç] ‘his/her house’ [EÔbo. R] ‘a wine’ [bo. Rç] ‘his/her wine’ Step 3: Determine the order of morphemes for Hungarian words: [EÔbo. R] Art. + root article + root + possessive [bo. Rç] Root + poss.

1. 1 Turkish (p. 172) [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [denizd. Zikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eller] ‘hands’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eld. Zike] ‘to a little hand’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [di. Sler] ‘teeth’ [evden] ‘from a house’[di. Simizin] ‘of our tooth’ [evd. Zikden] ‘from a little house’ [di. Slerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ [evd. Ziklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’

Turkish [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [denizd. Zikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eller] ‘hands’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eld. Zike] ‘to a little hand’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [di. Sler] ‘teeth’ [evden] ‘from a house’[di. Simizin] ‘of our tooth’ [evd. Zikden] ‘from a little house’ [di. Slerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ [evd. Ziklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ ‘ocean’ = ‘house’ = ‘hand’ = ‘tooth’ = [deniz] [ev] [el] [di. S] ‘in’ = ‘to’ = ‘from’ = ‘little’ = [de] [den] [d. Zik] plural = ‘of’ = ‘our’ = ‘my’ = [ler] [in] [imiz] [im]

Turkish [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizd. Zikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evd. Zikden] ‘from a little house’ [evd. Ziklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eld. Zike] ‘to a little hand’ [di. Sler] ‘teeth’ [di. Simizin] ‘of our tooth’ [di. Slerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word? root + ‘little’ (adj. ) + plural + poss. + preposition

Turkish [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizd. Zikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evd. Zikden] ‘from a little house’ [evd. Ziklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eld. Zike] ‘to a little hand’ [di. Sler] ‘teeth’ [di. Simizin] ‘of our tooth’ [di. Slerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ How would you say ‘of my little teeth’ ? root + ‘little’ (adj. ) + plural + poss. + preposition [di. Sd. Ziklerimin]

Turkish [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [denizd. Zikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [eld. Zike] ‘to a little hand’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [di. Sler] ‘teeth’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [di. Simizin] ‘of our tooth’ [evden] ‘from a house’[di. Slerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ [evd. Zikden] ‘from a little house’ [evd. Ziklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ What kind of language is Turkish? agglutinating: (a type of synthetic language) affixes may be easily separated from stems; each conveys one meaning.