Three Branches
The Legislative Branch – Makes Laws. The Constitution was written with the Declaration of Independence in mind. • This connection is seen in the preamble which is concerned with the liberty and places responsibility for the government in the hands of the people. •
Legislative Branchmakes the Laws The ideas of people governing themselves is a direct democracy; the will of the people is expressed through representatives elected by the people is a representative - democracy.
House of Representatives Population determines the number of reps per state. • Presiding officer of the House is the Speaker of the House. • The Speaker follows only the Vice President in succession to the presidency. • 2. This person comes from the party with the most number of seats in the House. •
House of Representatives ● The House has the sole power of impeachment. All 435 members are elected every 2 years; 1 term = 2 years. ● Member qualifications = 25 years old, US citizen for 7 years. ●
Senate • States are equally represented. Presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate, who is also the Vice President of the United States. • If the President of the Senate is absent from session, the President Pro Tempore presides over the sessions. • In presidential succession, the President Pro Tempore follows the Speaker of the House. •
Senate The Senate has the sole power to initiate an impeachment. Conviction requires 2/3 vote for senators present at time of voting. 1/3 of the Senate stands for election every 2 years; 1 term = 6 years. Member qualifications = 30 years old, US citizen for 9 years
Congress Must meet at least once a year, beginning on January 3. • Neither house may vote on bills or conduct business unless a majority of its members are present. • Majority = quorum or the minimum # members needed before a house can act. • Adjournment (stop meeting until a later time). Once in session, neither house can adjourn for more than 3 days without the consent of the other house. •
The Executive Branch – Enforces Laws • The Electoral College elects the president. Total # electors = # of members in the House + # members in the Senate (535 Total) • Vote for the President on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. • Presidents must be 35 years old, native born and a citizen for 14 years. • Presidents may serve 2 terms not to exceed 10 years; 1 term = 4 years. •
Executive Branch- Enforces Laws Presidential succession list in case of impeachment, death or resignation: Vice President Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Other members of the Cabinet
Executive Branch- Enforces Laws Reports nation’s condition to Congress in the State of the Union Address May call special sessions of Congress Commander in Chief of armed forces and the state militias.
The Judicial Branch – Interprets Laws • Supreme Court Justices serve for life. Can only be removed by death, resignation or impeachment. • There are 9 justices; 1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices • Supreme Court has original jurisdiction (authority). • –Most of the cases involve appeals, or review the decisions in lower courts. –This process is called judicial review.
Judicial Branch- Judges if the Law(s) are Constitutional Federal Courts have jurisdiction to hear cases involving the Constitution, federal laws or treaties. Each state has at least one US District Court. If someone challenges a US District Court ruling, they can turn to one of the 13 US Courts of Appeals before it goes to the Supreme Court.
Judicial Branch- Judges if the Laws are Constitutional Trial by Jury is offered to any person accused of a crime. The trial must take place where the crime was committed. If the crime occurs in more than one state, a law is passed to say where the trial will be held.
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