Thomas Aquinas by Aitkaliyev Aibolat
Biographical Notes Born 1224 near Aquino, Italy into noble family Entered University of Naples about 1236 Entered the Order of St. Dominic around 1240 -1243 and lived rest of life as a monk (against his family’s wishes)
Biographical Notes Rediscovery of Aristotle prompts Pope to reassess relation between theology and Greek philosophy. Aquinas spends his life attempting to reconcile faith and reason into a synthesis Dies at age 50, having authored some 60 works On 4 August 1879 Pope Leo XIII declared his the “official” teaching of the Church On 4 August 1880, same Pope designated him patron saint of all Catholic universities, academies, colleges, and schools throughout the world
Main Theories Aquinas believed that both matter and essence are connected in physical objects Aquinas believed that knowledge starts with sense perception and can also go further in the world if reason is applied to sensory experiences Aquinas applied inductive reasoning to achieve generalization or universals Aquinas believed that both sense experiences and revelation provided truth for human beings and because both are true they will never come into conflict Aquinas’ philosophy revolved around Christianity, believing that the world reflects the nature of God
Aquinas believed that God’s existence can be proved through the “ 5 ways”
1. Motion The world is in constant movement Every motion and change in this world presupposes, a prior cause, a mover that produces that movement This is God
2. Cause Every new production and event consists of the concept of cause There must exist a first cause which itself is not caused, for these series of productions and events This is God
3. Contingency Everything in this world is contingent, that is that it depends on something else for its existence The world itself is dependent on something for its existence This is God
4. Perfection In this world there are higher and lesser degrees of perfection These degrees are in an order, and from this order, there exists the highest degree which is also the cause of all that exists in that order That highest degree and maximum perfection is God
5. Order is present in the world’s atmosphere Behind this order is an intelligence or “designer” who is responsible for it This is God
Issues with Knowledge Aquinas did not agree with Plato’s theory of a world of forms existing independently from the physical world Disagreed with many Theologians who doubted Jesus Christ being the son of god (Theologians in include, Phontinus, Nestorius, and Apollinaris)
Rationalist or Empiricist Aquinas was an empiricist because he believed in evidence and experience Believed that the world was made of all physical materials He was a supporter of science and combined it with his Christian beliefs Aquinas’ beliefs in the material world was the basis of the empiricist movement
Main Vocabulary Thomism – theological and philosophical structure of Thomas Aquinas Theology – the study of the nature of God and religious truth; rational inquiry into religious questions Essence- the basic, real, and invariable nature of a thing or its significant individual feature or features Revelation – the act of revealing or disclosing Generalization – a principle, statement, or idea having general application
References http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thomas_Aq uinas http: //www. iep. utm. edu/aquinas/ http: //www. biography. com/people/stthomas-aquinas-9187231
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