Third Generation Human Rights By: Alexandra Vatetco Anastasiia Kryvulia Svetlana Novosad Anastasiya Kozlovzeva
Three Generations of Human Rights • Three generations HR division proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak at the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg. • Division: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
“Soft laws” • Most Resolutions and Declarations of the UN General Assembly (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) • Elements such as statements, principles, codes of conduct, codes of practice etc. • Action plans (Agenda 21) • Other non-treaty obligations
First Generation Human Rights: • traditional civil and political liberties prominent in Western liberal democracies, such as • rights to: life, liberty and security of the individual; freedom from torture and slavery; political participation; freedom of opinion, expression, thought, conscience and religion; freedom of association and assembly.
Second Generation Human Rights: • Economic and social rights • group rights or collective rights • rights to: work; education; a reasonable standard of living; food; shelter and health care.
“There is not much point in having good education or health services, and adequate legal protection for the right of free speech, if people are dying because they cannot drink clean water, or breathe polluted air, and if people are unable to participate in the benefits of economic developments. ” Professor Jim Ife Head, School of Social Work & Social Policy Curtin University of Technology
Third Generation Human Rights: • Environmental, cultural and developmental rights.
Third generation human rights in international law 1972 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world; it is the urgent desire of the peoples of the whole world and the duty of all Governments Rio Declaration on Environment and Development The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations
Constitutional mechanisms which protect third generation human Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for rights the Environment (New Zealand) Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations (Hungary) Parliament of Finland’s Committee for the Future (Finland) Commission for Future Generations (Israel)
High Commissioner on National Minorities Directorate-General for the Environment of the European Commission
Environmental right • Includes the right to live in an environment that is clean and protected from destruction. • 1. 11 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wnjx 6 KETmi 4
• Right to self-determination. They are
• Rights to cultural, political and economical development. • 30 sec. • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=T 5 P 1 m v. Zp 6 x. U
References: • http: //www. kas. de/upload/auslandshomepages/na mibia/Human. Rights/ruppel 1. pdf • http: //info. humanrights. curtin. edu. au/local/docs/C hallenges. For. Human. Rights. pdf • http: //www. hrea. org/erc/Library/First_Steps/part 1_ eng. html • http: //auhf. ankara. edu. tr/journals/alr-archive/ALR 2004 -01 -01/ALR-2004 -01 -01 -Algan. pdf • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=T 5 P 1 mv. Zp 6 x. U • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wnjx 6 KETmi 4
• http: //newzealand. govt. nz/search? query=Office+ of+the+Parliamentary+Commissioner+for+the+E nvironment&page=4 • http: //jno. hu/en/ • http: //web. eduskunta. fi/Resource. phx/parliament/ committees/future. htx • http: //www. fdsd. org/2009/09/examples-ofparliamentary-innovation-for-sustainabledevelopment-hungary-finland-israel-and-the-uk/
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