Theory and Practice of Translation Lecture 4

Theory and Practice of Translation Lecture 4

PLAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Translation of Lexically Charged Determining Articles. Conveying the Contextual Meanings of the Definite Articles. Conveying the Contextual Meanings of the Indefinite Articles. Asyndetic Noun Clusters and Their Syntactic Nature. Ways of Translating Two-and-Three-Component Asyndetic Substantial Clusters. 6. Ways of Translating Three-and-More-Component Asyndetic Noun Clusters. 7. Translation of Ukrainian Semantic Equivalents of Asyndetic Noun Clusters into English.

1. Translation of Lexically Charged Determining Articles The Article • to determine the Noun (the book, a book); a functional word • to identify the superlative degree of the adjective’s quality (the tallest tree); • to identify the order of nouns (the first book).

Grammatical Functional Lexical Meaning • The Browns – подружжя Браунів • The Alps – гори Альпи • At the Baker’s – у пекарні

2. Conveying the Contextual Meanings of the Definite Articles. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) as the demonstrative pronoun (цей, ця, ці, це); as the demonstrative pronouns (такий, той, та, те, ті); as the possessive pronoun (її, його, свій); as the identifying pronoun (весь, вся, все, цілий); as the relative pronoun (який, яка, яке, які); as the indefinite pronoun (якась, якесь, певний); as the identifying attributive pronoun (сам, сам собою, інша, інший); as the adjective or adjectivized participle (according to the contextual meaning); 9) as a participle emphasizing the attributive pronoun, numeral or some other part of the speech; 10) very often when the noun in the sentence has another attribute the clearly explicit lexical meaning of the definite article remains superflous. 11) may point to thematic functional of the noun.

1) 2) 3) 4) 3. Conveying the Contextual Meanings of the Indefinite Articles. by the cardinal numeral (один, одна, одне); by the ordinal numeral (перший); by the indefinite pronoun (якийсь, якась, якесь); by the demonstrative pronoun (in case if precedes the noun with a logical stress) (цей, ця, ці); 5) by the possessive pronoun (її, його, наш); 6) by a negative pronoun (жоден); 7) by a negative particle (ані); 8) by the relative adjective (цілий); 9) by the identifying pronoun (весь, вся, все); 10) by adverbs (зовсім різні); 11) by contextual substitutes; 12) by emphatic particles (аж, же, ні).

4. Asyndetic Noun Clusters and Their Syntactic Nature. • word-groups consisting of two, three or more nouns • a subordinate relation of noun components to each other: an adjunct (an attributive component) and a head (a nucleus). • a nucleus occupies a final position in a wordgroup.

Asyndetic Noun Clusters Examples • Two-member – board members (члени правління) • Three-member – Scotland Yard spokesman (речник Скотланд Ярду) • Four-member – a 40 $ a week wage increase offer (пропозиція про підвищення зарплатні на 40 доларів за тиждень) • Five-member – London County Council General Purpose Committee Member (член комісії із загальних питань Ради Лондонського графства)

Approaches to rendering the lexical meaning of asyndetic substantival clusters Based on: 1) the number of nouns making up the cluster; 2) the structure of the adjunct and the head; 3) the semantic relations between the constituent parts of the asyndetic substantival cluster; 4) the presence or the absense of the preceding adjective, participle, possessive pronoun or the ordinal numeral.

5. Ways of Translating Two-and-Three-Component Asyndetic Substantial Clusters Two componental asyndetic NN-structure cluster: 1) with a head noun (board members – члени правліня ); 2) beginning with the adjunct (a school reform – шкільна реформа); 3) A descriptive way (a nine-men defence – захист із 9 осіб у спорті).

Ways of Rendering Two Сomponental Asyndetic A+NN-structure Cluster: 1) beginning with the initial adjective after which the head noun and its adjunct are translated in succession (junior hospital staff – молодший медперсонал лікарні ); 2) beginning with the adjective after which the adjacent to it following noun (adjunct) and then the head noun is translated in succession (a final press conference – заключна пресконференція); 3) in a reverse order: beginning with the head noun (Local authority club – працівники місцевих органів влади); 4) semantically condensed (Royal Air Force – військовоповітряні сили Великої Британії).

Ways of Rendering Two Сomponental Asyndetic N+AN-structure Cluster 1) beginning with the AN head sense unit (NATO nuclear weapons – атомна зброя країн НАТО); 2) beginning with the initial noun which turns in the target language into an adjective (the opposition liberal party – ліберальна партія).

Ways of Rendering Three Сomponental Asyndetic Clusters 1) beginning with the initial adjunct noun (London trade unions – лондонські профспілки); 2) beginning with the head noun and proceding to the first adjunct noun and then to the adjunct noun of the head (Attica state prison – в’язниця “Аттіка” (штат Нью. Йорк)); 3) beginning with the head noun and proceeding to the first adjunct (US Senate seat – місце в сенаті США); 4) beginning with the adjunct noun and proceeding to the head noun after which the second noun in the cluster (world weight lifting championship – світовий чемпіонат штангістів).

6. Ways of Translating Four-Componental Asyndetic Noun Clusters N+NNN; NN+NN; NNN+N 1) starting with the head-noun and proceeding in reverse order to the initial noun adjunct (the US Defence Department Officials Decision – рішення представників міністерства оборони США ); 2) starting with the head noun and its preceding adjunct and proceeding to the initial and the following (second) noun (the Sunday Express newspaper leader writer – автор передових статей газети “Сандей Експрес”); 3) a descriptive way (Mr. Hiles, the lobby committee secretary – секретар комітету лобістів пан Гайлз).

7. Translation of Ukrainian Semantic Equivalents of Asyndetic Noun Clusters into English to take into consideration: ü the structure of the English asyndetic noun clusters ü The word-order Львівський театр опери та балету імені Заньковецької = Lviv Zan’kovets’ka Opera and Ballet House

QUESTIONS!!!

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