The Wedgwood Project Integrating Fluid Flow and Structural

The Wedgwood Project Integrating Fluid Flow and Structural Modelling Platte River Associates Inc. , Boulder, Colorado, USA Basin Dynamics Research Group, Keele University, Keele, UK Conwy Valley Consultants Ltd. , Deganwy, North Wales, UK Informatics Department, Univ. of Wales in Bangor, North Wales, UK

GEM Phase 2 Features Input from Various Models: • 3 -D coupled model without structure (Bas) • Multiple 1 -D calculations (Basin. Mod batch)

Basin. Mod 3 -D System Phase 2 Basin. View BAS or Basin. Mod 1 -D batch GEM Paleo Values 3 -D Surface Viewer

Basin. Mod 3 -D System Phase 3 Model. Builder Present-Day Values Struct 3 -D Geometry, Porosity Paleo Values

• Automated structural restoration Struct 3 -D Features • Generation of structural geometries at multiple time steps for Basin. Mod 3 -D • Performs time/depth conversions • Integrated compensation for compaction effects during each stage of restoration • Structural models are represented by triangulated mesh surfaces

Basin. Mod 3 -D System Phase 3 Model. Builder Present-Day Values Struct 3 -D Geometry, Porosity SIM Paleo Values Pressure Temperature

• Refines Porosity reduction due to chemical processes, • Temperature, and SIM Features • Pressure • Works with highly deformed geometries such as normal, reverse, and thrust faults. • Nodes do not have to line up vertically.

Current Mesh used in Bas 3 D

Planned Mesh for Basin. Mod 3 -D

Tetrahedrization Calculation Nodes Lithology A Lithology B

Tetrahedrization Lithology A Lithology B Create duplicate nodes at lithology boundaries

Tetrahedrization Lithology A Lithology B Fill the tetrahedral mesh

Fill Tetrahedral Mesh Normal Fault Horizon A (SH) Horizon B (SS)

Fill Tetrahedral Mesh Normal Fault Horizon A (SH) Horizon B (SS)

Fill Tetrahedral Mesh Horizon A (SH) Horizon B (SS)

Fill Tetrahedral Mesh Horizon A (SH) Horizon B (SS)

Fill Tetrahedral Mesh

Basin. Mod 3 -D System Phase 3 Model. Builder Present-Day Values Struct 3 -D Geometry, Porosity GEM SIM Paleo Values Pressure Temperature

GEM Phase 3 Features Input from Various Models: • 3 -D coupled model without structure (BAS) • Multiple 1 -D calculations (Basin. Mod batch) • 3 -D uncoupled model with structure (SIM)

Generation-Expulsion-Migration GEM • • • Unlimited number of source and reservoir units LLNL and BP kinetics HC buoyancy, hydrodynamic, and capillary threshold pressure used to calculate potential energy for HC liquid and vapor phases Migration along vertical faults Seal Leakage Trap Spill 3 -D Ray Tracing Provides maximum flexibility to model stratigraphic traps via specification of porosity, and pore throat radius or capillary threshold pressure Reports trap PVT through time Input from 3 -D finite element or multi 1 -D calculations All calculated nodes used to build tetrahedral mesh

trap source

1000 m. D 1 m. D 0. 001 m. D 1 e-6 m. D Permeabilty from 3 -D Finite Element Calculation 0 m. D

Oil generated volume

000 Ma

000 Ma

Hydrocarbon Expelled Mass for Rock Unit 000 Ma

030 Ma

030 Ma

Basin. Mod 3 -D System Phase 3 Model. Builder Present-Day Values Struct 3 -D Geometry, Porosity GEM SIM Paleo Values Pressure Temperature 3 -D Surface Viewer

Exploration Pyramid Decision Making Decision Risk Analysis Information Petroleum Systems Analysis Interpretation/Modelling Exploration Data