The Vision of Vehicle Infrastructure Integration VII Ralph

The Vision of Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) Ralph L. Robinson ITS Integration Office September, 2007

Cooperative Highways SAFETY v Collision Avoidance v Emergency Alerts v Weather Conditions MOBILITY v Signal Control v Traveler Information v Congestion Information

The Driving Forces n 42, 000 People Die Every Year on Our Roadways Leading Cause of Death Between Ages 4 – 33 o 50% of the Deaths Occur from Intersection Collision and Roadway Departure n Traffic Crashes Cost the Economy $230 B/Yr n Traffic Congestion Costs Americans $78 B/Yr n Congestion Wastes Billions of Gallons of Fuel o

Cost of Congestion Year Travel Delay (billions of hours) "Wasted Fuel“ (billions of gallons) Congesti on Cost (billions of dollars) 1982 0. 8 0. 5 $14. 9 1995 2. 5 1. 7 $45. 4 2004 4. 0 2. 7 $73. 1 2005 4. 2 2. 9 $78. 2 Source: Texas Transportation Institute

We Can Not Build Out More Roads

Weekday Peak-Period Congestion Has Grown in Several Ways in Our Largest Cities Source: Analysis of data used in 2005 Urban Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute.

Cooperative Systems Can Help? n “Cars that refuse to have accidents …” o If every car knows its neighbors speed, location and direction, eminent threats of collision can be mitigated with warnings to drivers followed by intrusive control o Can you envision a road network with no traffic signals? n Over a hundred Use Cases have been identified: Safety Mobility Convenience n Two basic types of communication: Vehicle-to-Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

Safety Applications n n n Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Blind Spot Warning Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Emergency Electronic Brake Lights Highway Merge Assistant Highway/Rail Collision Warning Lane Change Warning Pre-crash Sensing Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning Vehicle-to-vehicle Road Feature Notification Visibility Enhancer Wrong Way Driver Warning n n n n Curve Speed Warning Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption Intersection Collision Warning In-vehicle Amber Alert Left Turn Assistant Low Bridge Warning Low Parking Structure Warning Pedestrian Crossing Information at Intersection Road Condition Warning Stop Sign Movement Assistance Stop Sign Violation Warning Traffic Signal Violation Warning Work Zone Warning

Mobility Applications n n n n n Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control In-vehicle Signage Weather Alert Notifications Icy Bridges Warnings ROW Planning Pot Hole Detection (maintenance) Signal Phasing (traffic flow optimization) Incident Observation and Mitigation Roadway Incidence Assistance n n n Traffic Advisories (routing, rerouting assistance) Navigation Assistance Fleet Management (logistics control) Hazardous Material Path Enforcement Cargo Tracking Travel Information (available facilities, parking, special events, timing)

Consumer and Commercial Services n n n n n Parking Location Assistance Parking Access (security / payment) Food Drive-through Payment Roadway Toll Payment Download Data Files (MP 3, games) Software/Firmware Updates Remote Diagnostics Customer Relations Management Dealer Service Scheduling n n n Personal Device Synchronization Home Network Content Synchronization Remote Control (home access, garage door, home lighting) Secure Access (Enterprise access) Just-in-time Repair Notification Safety Recall Notification

Initial “Day One” Applications Gotta start somewhere! n Traffic Signal Violation Warning n Stop Sign Violation Warning n In-vehicle Signage (road advisory and local info) n Roadway Conditions (weather and potholes) n Traffic Management and Control n Alternate Route Guidance n Traffic Information (OEM) n Electronics Payments (tolls, gasoline and parking)

Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Cellular Service Providers Network Operations Center Mobility & Safety Application Server GPS Satellite. Vehicle-to -Vehicle Cellular Communication Vehicle. System Cellular Vehicle. Infrastructure Traveler Information Systems VII Network Operations Center Traffic Management Systems Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)

VII Systems Enablers n Communications system n Probe data collection n Dynamic map database n Lane accuracy positioning system n On-board computers need: o Software provisioning o System diagnostics and maintenance o Configuration management o Security framework o Enhanced Human Machine Interfaces (displays, alarms)

VII Architecture Framework

VII Architecture Framework Vehicle Centers Roadside Users

DSRC Radio n FCC has allocated 75 MHz at 5. 9 GHz o Safety Applications (1 st priority) • Other applications acceptable o Licensed Spectrum • stability with minimum Interference n Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) o Based on variation of Wi. Fi IEEE 802. 11 p o Line of sight o 300 to 1000 feet range (power modulation possible) o Low Latency/fast connecting/priority attributes

DSRC 10 MHz Channel Usage Plan Control Shared Public Safety/Private Med Rng Service Short Rng Service Power Limit Dedicated Public Safety Veh-Veh Intersections 44. 8 d. Bm Power Limit 40 d. Bm 33 d. Bm Power Limit 23 d. Bm Uplink Downlink Frequency (GHz) 5. 925 5. 920 5. 915 5. 910 Public Safety/ Intersections Private Ch 182 Ch 184 5. 905 5. 900 Public Safety/ Private Ch 180 5. 895 5. 890 Control Channel Ch 178 5. 885 5. 880 Public Safety/ Private Ch 176 5. 875 5. 870 Public Safety/ Private Ch 174 5. 865 5. 860 5. 855 5. 850 5. 845 5. 840 5. 835 Public Safety Veh-Veh Ch 172

Multiple Communications Technologies Cellular Service Providers Network Operations Center Mobility & Safety Application Server GPS Satellite. Vehicle-to -Vehicle Cellular Communication Vehicle. System Cellular Vehicle. Infrastructure Traveler Information Systems VII Network Operations Center Traffic Management Systems Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)

The Partnership AASHTO Policy leadership & advocacy at state level FHWA Technical participation & field tests USDOT NHTSA National leadership Technical management Funding Automobile Manufacturers Private leadership & advocacy Technical participation & field tests

Active State DOTs

Structure of working relationships National Working Group is comprised of all member stakeholders VII Executive Leadership Team VII National Working Group needs are Supported by senior management Executive Leadership Team VII National Working Group (WG) Institutional Issues Test Bed Business Case Architecture Outreach Organizational Support as required

Institutional Issues n Privacy n Liability n Data Ownership

Protecting Privacy is Essential n Public entities have access to vehicle VII data n VII System design does not have access to driver or vehicle identification o o Does not support law enforcement Private services available on Opt-in basis only n Drafted Privacy Principles

Core Non-Technical Issues 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Funding for Deployment of roadside equipment Operations Management Governance Structure Data Availability and Accessibility Security Certificate Management Other Issues

Long Deployment Delays Safety Vision n Full safety benefits come from all vehicles particpating n Non-participating vehicles, pedestrians and animals are non-visible to VII vehicles n Autonomous safety systems are needed to fill the gap

y ay ad w Ro on es ic l l. V eh ta To Ne 20 30 40 50 60 w. C ars Equ ipp ed fro m 70 Fac tor 80 90 100 Antique and Collector vehicles not converted 10 Assumes: 250 million vehicles on road 0 % Vehicle Population VII-Equipped Vehicle Population Projection 16 million built each year 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

ay ad w Ro on es ic l 50 60 70 80 w. C ars Equ ipp ed fro To m. F ta act ory l. V eh ic le s on Ro ad w ay Antique and Collector vehicles not converted l. V eh ta To Ne 20 30 40 Improved densities 10 Assumes: 250 million vehicles on road 0 % Vehicle Population 90 100 Aftermarket VII Devices May Accelerate Deployment 16 million built each year 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

ITS Relationships

VII Function vs Vehicle Density 100% Assumes full coverage area Automated Cra sh e Highways 0% VII Equipped Vehicles s Roadway Situational Awareness Traffic Management lat d. P u op ion Crash Avoidance pe uip q IE VI Traffic Info Active Controls Safety Warnings 2010 Timeline 2060

Detroit Test Environment n Initial VII development project between OEMS and USDOT n VII Proof of Concept Confirmation o Testing concept hardware and software o Concept applications selected for system performance confirmation n Vehicle fleet tested at a facility located in Novi, MI. o Small fleet (25 vehicles) gathering probe data over 2 months o UMTRI provided 5 vehicles for full system performance and application testing and verification o Fleet to be equipped and operated by Roush Engineering under VIIC Contract

California Proof of Concept Test Bed n Innovative Mobility Showcase 2005 n Network of DSRC devices o 12 currently, 40 planned o Backhaul network T 1 wireline, 3 G cellular, Wi. Max n Bay area has 60 miles of freeways & arterials deployed n Testing applications o o Signal information Curve warning Vehicle probes In-vehicle signing

ITS-A World Congress - Nov 2008 n Major demonstrations of ITS and vehicle-roadway communications systems n Permanent installations to stay in New York n 2008 demonstration intended to showcase VII for public and private sector decision makers 15 th World Congress on ITS and 2008 ITS America Annual Meeting

Thank You